International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 64, issue 1-4

Authors: An, Siguang | Deng, Qiang | Wu, Tianwei | Yang, Shiyou | Shentu, Nanying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To balance the efficiency and accuracy of a global optimization algorithm in solving electromagnetic inverse problems, a Tabu search method assisted by using a Kriging surrogate model is proposed. To reduce the computational time and speed up the algorithm, the Kriging surrogate model is used to predict the objective space. To ensure the accuracy of the final optimal solution, a united trigger is developed to realize dynamically switching between the prediction and the direct objective computation. To utilize the variable space efficiently and provide proper sampling points to update the Kriging surrogate model, an evaluation list is used to evaluate …the variable space. A typical mathematical function and electromagnetic inverse problems in low and high frequency are solved to testify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Kriging surrogate model, Tabu search method, electromagnetic inverse problems

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209340

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 351-358, 2020

Authors: Jiang, Jinhui | Luo, Shuyi | Liang, Zhongzai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Dynamic load identification is the second kind of inverse problem in structural dynamics. It is a process of reconstructing load applied to structure in case of structural dynamic model and information of structural response. Online identification is one of the frontier problems in dynamic load identification, which has high difficulty and broad application prospects. In this paper, an online identification of dynamic load of the multi-degree-of-freedom system based on Kalman filter in modal space is proposed. Since the Kalman filter has excellent real-time performance and robustness, it is possible to be used in dynamic load online identification. We start from …the theoretical derivation in detail for the multi-degree-of-freedom system, then the feasibility and effectiveness of the method is verified by numerical simulation of three-degree-of-freedom system with the single impact load and continuous multiple impact load. Show more

Keywords: Dynamic load identification, Kalman filter, numerical simulation, impact load

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209341

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 359-367, 2020

Authors: Li, Yiying | Yang, Shiyou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents a novel method for solving multi-objective optimization problems based on single-objective cellular genetic algorithm. In the proposed multi-objective cellular genetic algorithm, the objectives are divided into the primary objective and the secondary objective according to the preferences of a decision maker. The primary objective is used as the driving force for individual updating, while the secondary objective is employed as the bias force to select neighbors. The proposed approach has ensured that the secondary objective is also evolving in the optimal direction, as evidenced by the numerical results on both a mathematical test function and a prototype …metamaterial unit as reported in this paper. Show more

Keywords: Cellular genetic algorithm , metamaterial, negative permeability, optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209342

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 369-375, 2020

Authors: Yang, Wenjia | Ho, S.L. | Fu, W.N. | Yang, Shiyou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Metamaterial is an artificial material with unique material properties that cannot be found in a naturally existing one, and hence it is able to perform functions that a conventional material cannot do. Consequently, it has shown great potential in various engineering applications such as resonance coupled mid-range wireless power transmission (R-WPT) systems. However, the analysis and design of an application-oriented metamaterial include both the unit cells and their combinations, and thus are very complex. Moreover, the performance of a metamaterial is very sensitive to uncertainties in both manufacturing and operating conditions. In this regard, a two-phase methodology for robust design …optimizations of metamaterial slabs in R-WPT applications is proposed and applied to the design optimization of a prototype R-WPT system with promising results. Show more

Keywords: Metamaterial, robust optimization, response surface model

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209343

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 377-384, 2020

Authors: Qiu, Jinxing | Pei, Cuixiang | Yang, Yang | Liu, Haochen | Chen, Zhenmao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The laser array spot thermography (LAST) is a fully non-contact and non-destructive method for the inspection of surface cracks with high efficiency. In this study, the detection capability of this method for the inspection of surface cracks in structures with curved surfaces is experimentally studied. The influence of the inspection angle on the crack imaging results is also investigated. The experiment results show that cracks in surface of the pipes with different dimeters can be detected and imaged by LAST.

Keywords: Laser array spot thermography, surface crack, inspection angle, curved structures

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209344

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 385-391, 2020

Authors: Bian, Kan | Zhou, Chunhua | Zhao, Fagang | Wu, Yipeng | Xiong, Ke

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Though the conventional pyrotechnic fastener mechanisms are widely used in spacecraft for their reliable releasable-fastening function, they still have several unavoidable problems: physical shock, high maintenance cost, to name a few. This paper introduces a new type of smart releasable mechanism based on a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) spring and its corresponding heating apparatus. To obtain the high heating efficiency and increase the response speed, the SMA spring is transitionally fit with the heating apparatus shell instead of directly heating by electric current. As soon as the heating apparatus begins to work, the SMA spring will provide an un-locking force …to release the fastening device within the standard time, which also realizes the similar releasable-fastening function comparing with the conventional pyrotechnic fastener mechanisms. In order to ensure the reliability of space products, the heating apparatus is composed of two identical ceramic heating elements which can be controlled independently or synchronously. Finally, the experimental results clearly show that, under the satellite power supply at the constant value of 28 V, the SMA spring can reach the desired 30 N unlocking force within 93 s and 51 s by single or dual heating elements, respectively. The maximal output force can even be increased as large as 40 N under the limited volume of the releasable mechanism. Show more

Keywords: Releasable mechanism, shape memory alloy, spring actuator, heating apparatus

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209345

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 393-401, 2020

Authors: Li, Shengquan | Zhu, Chaowei | Li, Juan | Mao, Qibo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Considering the internal and external disturbances in actual engineering structure, a composite active vibration control method is proposed for an all-clamped piezoelectric panel. First, the theoretical modal analysis and laser vibrometer are employed to obtain the natural frequency and mode shape of the panel, for reasonable arrangement of actuator and accelerometer. Second, a nonlinear extended state observer is introduced to estimate the total disturbances, i.e., modeling uncertainties, high-order harmonics, coupling and external excitations. Third, the estimated value is used to compensate and attenuate the influence of the total disturbances in real time. In addition, the feedback controller based on the …proportional differential and acceleration feedback method is designed to enhance the vibration suppression performance of the whole system. Finally, a semi-physical platform is built in MATLAB/Simulink real-time environment with the NI-PCIe6343 acquisition card to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Piezoelectric actuator, all-clamped panel, nonlinear extended state observer, active disturbance rejection control, acceleration feedback

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209346

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 403-411, 2020

Authors: Shiyang, Fang | Watanabe, Kota

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A topology optimization of rotor design in switched reluctance (SR) motors based on immune algorithm and ON/OFF method to obtain practical shapes is presented in this paper. The topology optimization using evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm often obtains complex shapes that are impossible to produce in engineering sense. To solve this difficulty, a filtering process is introduced in the present algorithm based on the immune algorithm. The current waveform in SR motors strongly depend on the inductance that varies by the shape of rotor. This results in high computational cost of numerical analysis to obtain the torque property. In …this study, a simple estimation method to calculate the current waveform is introduced. This method enable to reduce the computational cost and perform the topology optimization in a practical time. The present method is applied to a topology optimization of SR motor. Optimization results show that feasible shapes are obtained and torque property is improved. Show more

Keywords: Switched reluctance (SR) motors, on/off method, topology optimization

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209347

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 413-420, 2020

Authors: Wan, Lei | Liu, Canchang | Kong, Weixu | Zhou, Yingchao | Ma, Chicheng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The nonlinear vibration control of the Euler–Bernoulli beam is studied based on capacitive micro-mechanical acoustic sensors The graphene film has the characteristics of high sensitivity and high accuracy which can be applied to sense the vibration signal. Capacitive micro-mechanical acoustic sensors can be used to detect the acoustic signal of the vibration of the nano-beam. The nonlinear vibration control equation of nano-beam can be established with the displacement and velocity voltage feedback controller based on capacitive micro-mechanical acoustic sensors. The amplitude-frequency response equation of the primary resonance of nano-beam can be gotten by using the multiple scales method. The relationship …between the nonlinear vibration of nano-beam and system parameters is investigated. The influencing factors of how to weak system nonlinearity and enhance system stability are analyzed. The static bifurcation behavior of the system is discussed. The numerical results show that the nonlinearity of vibration can be reduced and the stability of the system can be improved by selecting the appropriate control gains and appropriately reducing the amplitude of DC and AC excitation voltages. Show more

Keywords: Nonlinear vibration, capacitive acoustic sensors, nanobeam, vibration control

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209348

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 421-429, 2020

Authors: Liu, Jian | Wang, Lihui | Tian, Zhengqi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The nonlinearity of the electric vehicle DC charging equipment and the complexity of the charging environment lead to the complex and changeable DC charging signal of the electric vehicle. It is urgent to study the distortion signal recognition method suitable for the electric vehicle DC charging. Focusing on the characteristics of fundamental and ripple in DC charging signal, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to establish the matrix model, and the state variable method is introduced into the filter algorithm to track the parameter state, and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental waves and each secondary ripple are identified; …In view of the time-varying characteristics of the unsteady and abrupt signal in the DC charging signal, the stratification and threshold parameters of the wavelet transform are corrected, and a multi-resolution method is established to identify and separate the unsteady and abrupt signals. Identification method of DC charging distortion signal of electric vehicle based on Kalman/modified wavelet transform is used to decompose and identify the signal characteristics of the whole charging process. Experiment results demonstrate that the algorithm can accurately identify ripple, sudden change and unsteady wave during charging. It has higher signal to noise ratio and lower mean root mean square error. Show more

Keywords: DC charging, nonlinearity, distortion signal, filter algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209349

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 431-438, 2020