International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 64, issue 1-4

Authors: Huang, Ranran | Li, Hongmei | Jiang, Mingyang | Wang, Yu | Zhao, Chuntian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The defect in structures is the major risk to the structural integrity, thus to perform the defect detections and evaluations efficiently is critical in assuring the structural safety. Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT) is an important non-destructive testing (NDT) method. Due to its high testing sensitivity and simple operating procedure, it has been widely used in detecting surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic components. To improve the accuracy of defect detection, it is necessary to find a suitable source magnetization distribution around a defect, and furthermore, to correlate the defect with the magnetic leakage signals. In this study, a magnetic …charge model is proposed, in which both volume- and surface- densities of magnetic charges around a defect are considered. Then, this model is used for the calculation of the magnetic leakage signals caused by a known complex V-shape defect for the verification purpose. The results from the simulation match very well with that from the experiment. It indicates potentials that the magnetic charge model and the associated approach can be applied in MFLT with improved accuracy. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic flux leakage testing, defect testing and evaluation, magnetic charge model of defect

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209450

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1315-1323, 2020

Authors: Zhou, Xiaoyu | Shi, Liwei | An, Junhao | Ding, Fukang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The voltage harmonics of the six-phase doubly salient electro-magnetic generator (DSEG) are large, and the electromagnetic isolation is poor due to the mutual inductance of the armature winding. An optimization scheme for the stator non-uniform air gap structure is proposed. By establishing a non-uniform air gap angle function model, the analytical expression of the induced electromotive force in the non-uniform air gap structure is derived. Using finite element and mathematical model to verify that the stator tip is changed from circular arc to linear structure can increase power and reduce voltage high harmonics, improve the power quality of the generator. …Based on the equivalent magnetic circuit, the influence of the winding method of the excitation winding on the mutual inductance of the armature winding is studied. When the field winding is wound interval every two stator poles, the mutual inductance is small. The electromagnetic properties of the new six-phase electric excitation double salient pole are analyzed by two-dimensional finite element analysis. The rationality of the proposed motor structure is verified by experiments. Show more

Keywords: Voltage harmonic, Stator non-uniform air gap, doubly salient electro-magnetic generator

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209451

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1325-1335, 2020

Authors: Zhao, Chuan | Sun, Feng | Jin, Junjie | Bo, Mingwei | Xu, Fangchao | Zhang, Xiaoyou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper proposes a computation method using the equivalent magnetic circuit to analyze the driving force for the non-contact permanent magnet linear drive system. In this device, the magnetic driving force is related to the rotation angle of driving wheels. The relationship is verified by finite element analysis and measuring experiments. The result of finite element simulation is in good agreement with the model established by the equivalent magnetic circuit. Then experiments of displacement control are carried out to test the dynamic characteristic of this system. The controller of the system adopts the combination control of displacement and angle. The …results indicate that the system has good performance in steady-state error and response speed, while the maximum overshoot needs to be reduced. Show more

Keywords: Permanent magnet, linear drive, equivalent magnetic circuit, magnetic force, PID controller

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209452

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1337-1345, 2020

Authors: Chen, Tao | Xiao, Xiaoqi | Zhang, Lihong | Lv, Cheng | Deng, Zhiyang | Song, Xiaochun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to uneven surface and lift-off effect, it is difficult to detect weld crack by eddy-current testing. A new orthogonal eddy-current probe for weld crack detection of carbon-steel plate was designed in this paper. Based on COMSOL Multiphysics, the influence of scanning angle on detection sensitivity of the probe was compared firstly. Then, the effects of coil width, coil side length, detection coil height, and lift-off distance on detection sensitivity of the probe were studied, respectively. Finally, the test piece of carbon-steel plate weld with crack, and the physical probe used to verify the crack detection effect were made. The …experimental results show that the weld crack of carbon-steel plate with length × width × depth of 20.0 mm × 0.3 mm × 1 mm can be effectively identified, and the lift-off noise can be effectively suppressed by the method presented in this paper. At the same time, the signal-to-noise ratio of the probe keeps constant in the lift-off distance range of 0.3 mm–3.0 mm. Show more

Keywords: Orthogonal eddy-current probe, carbon-steel weld, nondestructive testing, COMSOL multiphysics

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209453

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1347-1355, 2020

Authors: Wang, Qiang | Hu, Qiuping | Qiu, Jinxing | Pei, Cuixiang | Zhou, Hongbin | Li, Xinyi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The detection for internal defects of the practical aviation carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) using different modes of laser was discussed in this paper. The results show that the effect of the laser with long pulsed wave heating mode is the best, and then sawtooth wave mode is followed by sine wave mode. Besides, the valid image processing method plays a significant role in improving the effect of differential laser infrared thermography. Compared with the detection results of thermal lamp thermography, the effect of differential laser thermography is better. There are two main advantages of using a planar laser to …heat the aviation carbon fiber composites: (1) the detection speed is so fast, which only takes a few seconds to complete the whole detection process; (2) laser method is more flexible than thermal lamp thermography because of the range detected can be adjusted according to the aim of experiments. Show more

Keywords: Different modes of laser, internal defects, differential processing, planar laser

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209454

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1357-1364, 2020

Authors: Mao, Xiaohui | Fei, Liping | Shang, Xianping | Chen, Jie | Zhao, Zhihao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The measurement performance of road vehicle automatic weighing instrument installed on highways is directly related to the safety of roads and bridges. The fuzzy number indicates that the uncertain quantization problem has obvious advantages. By analyzing the factors affecting the metrological performance of the road vehicle automatic weighing instrument, combined with the fuzzy mathematics theory, the weight evaluation model of the dynamic performance evaluation of the road vehicle automatic weighing instrument is proposed. The factors of measurement performance are summarized and calculated, and the comprehensive evaluation standard of the metering performance of the weighing equipment is obtained, so as to …realize the quantifiable analysis and evaluation of the metering performance of the dynamic road vehicle automatic weighing instrument in use, and provide data reference for adopting a more scientific measurement supervision method. Show more

Keywords: Road vehicle automatic weighing instrument, metrological performance, fuzzy evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209455

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1365-1372, 2020

Authors: Zhang, Wenguang | Yin, Xuele | Zhou, Xuhui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the depths of 3 mm and 4.5 mm. The insertion forces caused by vibration attenuation electrode are steady …with the change of insertion speed. The convex streamline neural electrode caused less tissue injury compared with the other two electrodes. The higher or lower insertion speed causes smaller tissue strain for the two optimized electrodes, which is conductive to set implantation parameters to minimize tissue injury. Show more

Keywords: Neural electrode, comparative experiment, insertion parameters, tissue injury, optimal design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209456

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1373-1380, 2020

Authors: Chen, Dezhi | Diao, Chengwu | Feng, Zhiyu | Zhang, Shichong | Zhao, Wenliang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a novel dual-stator permanent magnet machine (DsPmSynM) with low cost and high torque density is designed. The winding part of the DsPmSynM adopts phase-group concentrated-coil windings, and the permanent magnets are arranged by spoke-type. Firstly, the winding structure reduces the amount of copper at the end of the winding. Secondly, the electromagnetic torque ripple of DsPmSynM is suppressed by reducing the cogging torque. Furthermore, the dynamic performance of DsPmSynM is studied. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results.

Keywords: Dual stator, spoke-type, cogging torque, phase-group concentrated-coil windings

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209457

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1381-1389, 2020

Authors: Han, Runqi | You, Zheng | Shi, Yue | Ruan, Yong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: MEMS vapor cells with buffer gas are the core components of chip scale atomic sensors due to the spin precession. We microfabricated rubidium vapor cells filled with neon based on MEMS technology and characterized the performance of MEMS vapor cells by measuring the longitudinal relaxation time. The dependence of spin relaxation time on buffer gas pressure and cell temperature was theoretically and experimentally investigated and the consistency was achieved. This provides a potential simpler approach to evaluate the performance of chip scale atomic sensors, such as atomic magnetometers, based on MEMS vapor cells.

Keywords: MEMS, atomic magnetometer, spin relaxation, vapor cells, buffer gas

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209458

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1391-1399, 2020

Authors: Zhang, Wenguang | Yin, Xuele | Xie, Jie | Ma, Yakun | Li, Zhengwei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to develop long-lifetime neural electrodes, the insertion tissue injury caused by two optimized neural electrode (convex streamline electrode and vibration attenuation electrode) models were evaluated compared with a reference electrode. Based on the experimental evaluation system for testing tissue injury, the effects of insertion speeds on tissue injury of the two optimized electrodes with different insertion depths were studied. The maximum tissue strain caused by the two optimized neural electrodes firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of insertion speed at the depths of 3 mm and 4.5 mm. The insertion forces caused by vibration attenuation electrode are steady …with the change of insertion speed. The convex streamline neural electrode caused less tissue injury compared with the other two electrodes. The higher or lower insertion speed causes smaller tissue strain for the two optimized electrodes, which is conductive to set implantation parameters to minimize tissue injury. Show more

Keywords: Neural electrode, comparative experiment, insertion parameters, tissue injury, optimal design

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-209459

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 64, no. 1-4, pp. 1401-1409, 2020