International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics - Volume 28, issue 1-2

Authors: Yamane, Ryuichiro | Sakiyama, Nobuhiko | Park, Myeong-Kwan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to fix the magnetic drug to the target a magnetic droplet should be held in position against the flow of the blood. In the present experiment a two-dimensional droplet is placed on the floor of the channel and is held in position by the magnetic force against the flow of the water. The needle-like spikes emerge on the droplet and they move downstream with the flow as if they rotate around the droplet, which will be effective in …agitation and mixing inside the droplet. The motion of the spikes is not smooth but intermittent, skipping to the neighboring stable positions. Show more

Keywords: Magnetic fluid, spike, drug targeting

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-958

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 69-72, 2008

Authors: Meixner, Jessica | Iyer, Ram

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In earlier work, we showed that a simple apposition compound eye can form the hardware basis for a new type of inertial navigation system, that can be used on micro air vehicles. One of the key properties of a simple apposition eye is that it is a low pass, spatial filter. This property had been shown in mathematical models based on Fourier optics for a single lens and single fiber system. However, a simple apposition compound eye usually consists of …thousands of lenses called ommatidia. An important question that has not been studied is the effect the presence of multiple lenses have on the angular sensitivity, or in some other words, the bandwidth of the low pass, spatial filter. In this paper, we develop a Fourier optics model for a multiple lens, single-fiber system. We obtain expressions for the intensity distribution near the focus of a single lens due to the presence of neighboring lenses and for the angular sensitivity of the system. Numerical simulations show a less than 10 percent increase in the angular sensitivity, even when five or more lenses are considered to focus light on a single rhabdom in a worker bee and an artificial eye. Show more

Keywords: Simple apposition compound eye, Fourier optics, multiple lenses, angular sensitivity

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-959

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 73-78, 2008

Authors: Deng, Yiming | McGough, Robert J. | Berger, Kevin L. | Seamans, John L. | Udpa, Lalita

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Patient motion during PET imaging acquisitions can result in distortions and artifacts that make accurate interpretation of the image sets difficult. In an attempt to develop a model-based approach, the feasibility of using Monte Carlo (MC) techniques for developing a probabilistic model for PET imaging is investigated. A two dimensional model and its formulation in the Radon space are presented in the scatter-free, scatter, and random noise situations. The reconstructed results using filtered back projection technique …demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for clinical application. Show more

Keywords: Positron emission tomography, Monte Carlo simulation method

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-960

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 79-85, 2008

Authors: Loh, Kenneth J. | Lynch, Jerome P. | Kotov, Nicholas A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study presents a high-performance inductively coupled multifunctional carbon nanotube thin film sensor for structural monitoring applications. A versatile layer-by-layer self-assembly sensor fabrication technique is employed to encode different sensing mechanisms (e.g., strain and corrosion/pH) within one homogeneous thin film structure. Judicious selection of various polyelectrolyte species, along with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, permits multifunctional sensing. Upon deposition of these thin films on miniature planar coil antennas to form a resonant …circuit, a passive wireless sensor is realized. Unlike traditional cabled or wireless sensing systems, the proposed passive sensor does not require a constant power source, thereby rendering it ideally suited for embedment within structures. Show more

Keywords: Carbon nanotube composites, layer-by-layer, RFID, structural monitoring, wireless sensors

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-961

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 87-94, 2008

Authors: Stewart, James | Havrilla, Michael | Berrie, Jeff | Kornbau, Nathan | Stenholm, Garrett | Albert, Alan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper a method employing a hand-held network analyzer is presented that allows in situ measurement of materials in environments unreachable by traditional network analyzers. Calculation of permittivity and permeability is accomplished using two reflection measurements from a waveguide probe. A comparison between the theoretical and experimentally measured reflection coefficients allows extraction of the material parameters using a root search algorithm. Parameter extraction results are presented and compared to those …obtained from an HP8510 network analyzer employing the same waveguide probe and test materials. Show more

Keywords: Materials characterization, network analyzer, open-ended waveguide, permittivity, permeability

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-962

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 95-100, 2008

Authors: Kim, Cheol Bok | Lim, Jung Sup | Jang, Jae Sam | Jung, Young Ho | Lee, Ho Sang | Lee, Mun Soo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a novel wideband frequency notched compact UWB antenna is designed to satisfy two licensed UWB frequency bands (3.1∼4.8 GHz, 7.1∼10.6 GHz). The notched wide bandwidth (4.8∼7.1 GHz) can be realized by inserting a pair of the inverted-L shaped slits in the fan-type arms of the coupled sectorial loop antenna(CSLA) and optimizing the positions and the length of the L-shaped slits to avoid the interferences with WLAN, GPS and so …on. The performances of the designed UWB antenna are evaluated to inspect the fitness for the UWB communication services in the frequency and the time domain. Show more

Keywords: Wideband notch, inserted-L shaped slit, UWB (ultra-wideband)

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-963

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 101-110, 2008

Authors: Rothwell, Edward

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The time-domain reflection coefficient for a TE-polarized transient plane wave obliquely incident on the interface between free space and a generally dispersive medium is obtained by computing the inverse temporal transform of the frequency-domain Fresnel reflection coefficient. The result consists of simple functions and a finite number of convolutions of these functions. The result should be useful in time-domain material measurement systems, where the theoretical response of a material is required.

Keywords: Pulse reflection, dispersive media, non-destructive testing, time-domain scattering

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-964

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 111-116, 2008

Authors: Sheta, Abdel Fattah

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A small size dual-mode square patch resonator with slots etched in symmetrical shape is proposed. The filter response is obtained by exciting the degenerate modes and the first higher order mode of the proposed resonator through asymmetrical feeding. Area saving more than 80% with respect to the conventional degenerate dual-mode square patch filter and more than 20% with respect to the non-degenerate dual-mode patch filter can be achieved. Beside its compact size, the fractional bandwidth of …the proposed structure can be reduced to half of the non-degenerate dual-mode filter; hence, more design flexibility. A bandpass filter is designed at 1.74 GHz with 6.9% fractional bandwidth on FR4 material with 4.2 dielectric constant and 0.78 mm thickness. Simulations are performed using full wave IE3D simulator. Simulations agree well with the experimental results. Show more

Keywords: Patch filter, compact filter, dual-mode resonator, non-degenerate modes filter

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-965

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 117-122, 2008

Authors: Kurakazu, Atsushi | Todaka, Takashi | Shimoji, Hiroyasu | Enokizono, Masato

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents local distributions of measured two-dimensional magnetic properties in a three-phase transformer model core by using a new small V-H sensor. This new V-H sensor was developed to measure the local distributions of the magnetic flux density vector and magnetic field strength vector in magnetic steel sheets simultaneously. The local distribution of the iron loss by using the V-H sensor measured from the model core is shown and its accuracy for magnetic measurement of …magnetic materials is examined. Show more

Keywords: High-efficiency, iron loss, two-dimensional magnetic measurement method, V-H sensor

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-966

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 123-128, 2008

Authors: Ido, Yasushi | Yamada, Tomoya | Shimada, Kunio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Vibration properties of a coupled system of a magnetic fluid layer and a magnetic rubber membrane which is a silicon rubber membrane containing a magnetic compound fluid are investigated experimentally. Under alternating magnetic field, vibration of the coupled system has phase lag against the field, and the lag increases as the frequency becomes higher. At the range of low frequencies of the field, vibration of the system keeps nearly constant amplitude.

Keywords: Magnetic fluid, coupled system, vibration, magnetic rubber, alternating magnetic field, magnetic compound fluid

DOI: 10.3233/JAE-2008-967

Citation: International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 129-134, 2008