Biofactors - Volume 22, issue 1-4

Authors: Akazome, Yoko

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Apples contain many kinds of polyphenols, and the main components are oligomeric procyanidins. Applephenon® is apple polyphenol extract produced commercially from unripe apples, and has been used as food additive in order to prevent oxidation of components in foods and its application in functional foods is expected. In a lipid metabolism regulation study, administration of Applephenon® has the potential to exert strong anti-oxidative activity and to inhibit consumption of vitamin E and …anti-oxidative enzymes. Double blind clinical trials of Applephenon® on pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis, and tests using type I allergic model mice suggested that Applephenon® might regulate allergic reactions. We found the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Applephenon® is greater than 2000 mg/kg in a 90~day consecutive oral administration toxicity test in rats, and Applephenon® is safe and acceptable based on mutagenicity tests. Show more

Keywords: polyphenols, Applephenon®, lipid metabolism regulation, anti-allergy, toxicity tests

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 311-314, 2004

Authors: Hamam, Fayez | Shahidi, Fereidoon

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This study aimed to incorporate capric acid (CA) into selected algal oils, namely arachidoinc acid single cell oil (ARASCO), docosahexaenoic acid single cell oil (DHASCO) and the OMEGA-GOLD oil rich in dcosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and dosapentaenoic acid (n-6 DPA). Response surface methodology indicated that under optimum conditions (12.3% enzyme, 45®C, and 29.4 h) CA incorporation was 20.0% into ARASCO; (4.2% enzyme, 43.3®C, and 27.1 h) 22.6% into DHASCO and (2.5% enzyme, 46.6®C …and 25.2 h) 20.7% into the OMEGA-GOLD oil. Stereospecific analysis indicated that in all oils examined CA was mainly located at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of the resultant TAG molecules while the highly unsaturated fatty acids being primarily esterified to the sn-2 positions of the three oils. In all cases, enzymatically modified oils were more susceptible to oxidation than their unmodified counterparts. Show more

Keywords: acidolysis, lipase, structured lipids, medium-chain fatty acids, capric acid (C10:0), algal oil, EPA, DHA, DPA, surface methodology (RSM)

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 315-317, 2004

Authors: Cha, Yong-Jun | Jeong, Eun-Jeong | Kim, Hun | Cho, Woo-Jin | Nam, Gi-Jin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Biological activity was examined on Alaska pollack sikhae produced with 4 treatments (by irradiating at 5 or 10 kGy, or by adding either 0.1 or 0.3% of chitooligosaccharide), compared with control (2-step fermentation only) during fermentation at -2°C. The extracts (500 ppm level) of sikhae had antimicrobial activities against 4 different strains of food poisoning bacteria such as Staphy. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes. Antioxidative activity (EDA_{50} , 11.55 mg/mL) in control …group increased with time up to 60 days of fermentation but decreased thereafter, while those levels in other products were kept within 10.60–18.30 mg/mL ranges during fermentation. Inhibitory activity of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) (IC_{50} , 1.51–2.89 mg/mL) in all products was observed during fermentation except at 0 day. Inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) (IC_{50} , 0.65–0.87 mg/mL) in all products also increased with time up to 30 days of fermentation. Without irradiating or adding of chitooligosaccharide, Alaska pollack sikhae showing biological activities was enough by 2-step fermentation and storage at -2°C only. Show more

Keywords: Alaska pollack sikhae, antimicrobial, antioxidative, ACE inhibitory, XO inhibitory activity

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 319-321, 2004

Authors: Hong, Dang Diem | Hien, Hoang Thi Minh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Vietnamese edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Vietnamese living in the coastal have traditionally utilized seaweeds species as food supplement and herbal medicine. They consumed seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. As herbal medicine, seaweed is usually used for traditional comestics, treatments for cough, asthma, hemorrhoid, …boils, goitres, stomach ailments, urinary diseases, reduce the incidence of tumors, ulcers and headaches. Although Vietnam has an abundance of algae floral with total number of species is estimated to be nearly 1000 spp. in which there are 638 species of marine algae identified. However, there have been no intense study regarding to changes in marine algal chemistry. The fifteen species of edible seaweeds studied in this paper include green, brown and red algae. The proximate compositions as ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fatty acids, vitamines, pigments, macro and micro-elements were compared among different species examined and the genetic relationships among them by analyzing the species-specific differences in nucleotide sequences of ITS-1 region of the ribosomal DNA was identified. Show more

Keywords: edible seaweed, protein, lipid, fatty acid, macro and micro-elements, ITS-1 region of the rDNA

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 323-325, 2004

Authors: Zhuo, Xing-Gang | Watanabe, Shaw

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In food, other than known nutrients, such as lipid, carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, and minerals, many substances with physiological function and medicinal action exist, and it is contributing to healthy improvement and/or prevention of illness. Although carotenoid, flavonoid and polyphenol, terpenoid, volatile substance and sulfur compounds, peptide, etc. have the function of illness prevention, and research of those non-nutrient functional food factors (FFF) became globally active, the research of this field is not …yet done systematically. We evaluate function of FFF and reappraise known knowledge, and this knowledge is standardized and accumulated, aimed at building a web database server-client system which is easy to use for the people and nutritional research. We also collected related data such as chemical characters of FFF from literatures and other source, and formatted them into the database. We constructed the web database server-client system with MySQL database server and Apache web server based on Linux, and used Tomcat JSP engine for data connecting since they were reliable in stability and speed. We are opening the database at http://www.life-science.jp/FFF for test now. Show more

Keywords: functional food factors, database, server-client, MySQL, JSP, linux

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 329-332, 2004

Authors: Miyamoto, Sayuri | Martinez, Glaucia R. | Martins, Ana Paula B. | Medeiros, Marisa H.G. | Di Mascio, Paolo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) is known to generate toxic products capable to induce tissue injury. We have recently confirmed that decomposition of LOOH into peroxyl radicals is a potential source of singlet oxygen (^1 O_2 ) in biological system. Using ^{18} O-labeled linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LA^{18} O^{18} OH) in the presence of Ce^{4+} or Fe^{2+} , we observed the formation of ^{18} …O-labeled ^1 O_2 (^{18} [^1 O_2 ]) by chemical trapping of ^1 O_2 with 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and detecting the corresponding ^{18} O-labeled DPA endoperoxide (DPA^{18} O^{18} O) by HPLC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). ^{18} O-Labeled alcohol and ketone were also detected providing further evidence for the generation of ^1 O_2 by the Russell mechanism. Similarly the reaction of LA^{18} O^{18} OH with peroxynitrite also generated^{18} [^1 O_2 ].In conclusion, these results indicates that the use of ^{18} O-labeled LOOH associated with HPLC-MS/MS can be an useful tool to clarify mechanistic features involved in the reaction of LOOH in biological media. Show more

Keywords: linoleic acid hydroperoxide, singlet oxygen, HPLC-MS/MS, ^{18}O-labeled hydroperoxide

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 333-339, 2004

Authors: Kimura, Toshiyuki | Nakagawa, Kiyotaka | Saito, Yuko | Yamagishi, Kenji | Suzuki, Masahiro | Yamaki, Kohji | Shinmoto, Hiroshi | Miyazawa, Teruo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A simple and rapid method for determining 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent glucosidase inihibitor present in mulberry leaves (Morus alba and Morus bombysis), by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) has been developed. DNJ was separated from extract of mulberry leaves on TSK gel Amide-80 column, which is a representative column for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. During post column detection, DNJ was detected by ELSD and concurrently identified by mass …spectrometry. The detection limit was 100 ng. This method is sufficiently sensitive for determining DNJ in mulberry leaves and other related products. Show more

Keywords: 1-Deoxynojirimycin, evaporative light scattering detector, mulberry leaves, morus alba

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 341-345, 2004

Authors: Naoe, Kazumitsu | Noda, Kazuki | Konishi, Taiji | Kawagoe, Mikio | Imai, Masanao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The liquid-liquid extraction of α-lactalbumin based on reverse micellar organic solvents was investigated. Forward extraction of the protein in the reverse micellar organic phase from aqueous feed solutions was strongly dependent on the initial pH of the feed solution and the complete forward extraction of 0.03 mM α-lactalbumin was successfully achieved at pH 6.0. The forward extraction percentage steeply decreased with increasing KCl concentration, while in the NaCl system the forward extraction was independent …on the salt concentration below 1 M. From the circular dichroic measurement, higher order structure of the recovered α-lactalbumin through the extraction process was well preserved. Show more

Keywords: α-Lactalbumin, reverse micelle, extraction

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 347-351, 2004

Authors: Ouchi, Kazuyuki | Gamache, Paul | Acworth, Ian | Watanabe, Shaw

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We evaluated the use of HPLC multi-channel coulometric electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) for the routine measurement of phytochemicals by analyzing standards and urine samples. Compounds were separated chromatographically and electrochemically with high sensitivity (10 ng/ml of isoflavones in urine). HPLC-ECD will enable better investigation into the relationship between lifestyle and the effects of phytochemicals on humans.

Citation: BioFactors, vol. 22, no. 1-4, pp. 353-356, 2004