Affiliations: Faculty of Management Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V4, Canada
Abstract: The technology of small batch production in Sweden is changing dramatically and with it has come a range of innovations in the organization of work. Flexibility objectives are driving the changes. They generally result in smaller, more responsive, product focusssed units based on re-organized material handling, faster product throughput times and partly unmanned manufacturing. Cycle times and the individual differences of workers are being reassessed. While Sweden has legislated participation in the workplace, it works less well than most had hoped. The prospects for developing high commitment work designs are also not very optimistic as Sweden continues to accomplish its successful organizational work innovations through the pragmatic orientation of its industrial engineers. This apparent reluctance to involve workers gives long term cause for concern, but in the short run the accomplishments of Sweden's engineering infrastructure are impressive. Sweden continues to provide leadership in work organization designs on the factory floor.
Keywords: Cycle times, engineered organizational design, flexible organization, flow groups, framework legislation, high commitment work systems, individual differences, organizational innovations, partly unmanned manufacturing, product shops, production technology, small batch production, work organization design, workers' participation
