Spectroscopy - Volume 26, issue 4-5

Authors: Mega Tiber, Pinar | Orun, Oya | Nacar, Cevdet | Sezerman, Ugur Osman | Severcan, Feride | Severcan, Mete | Matagne, André | Kan, Beki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Go, a member of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, is the most abundant form of G protein in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Goα has a significant role in neuronal development and function but its signal transduction mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study, the bovine Goα subunit was overexpressed and purified into homogeneity. Its activity was studied using [35 S] GTPγS binding, intrinsic fluorescence and BODIPY assays. The secondary structure was determined by both FTIR and CD spectroscopy as 42.3% α-helix, 13.4% β-sheet and 24.3% β-turn. A theoretical structure model was constructed. The structure from homology modeling …is in very good agreement with the crystal structure of mouse Goα subunit except for the loop between αB–αC helices. This model was docked to the mouse RGS16 molecule. T117 on the αB–αC loop of Goα interacted with K172 on RGS16 as opposed to the T117 and K164 interaction in mouse. Show more

Keywords: Goα protein, FTIR spectroscopy, circular dichroism, homology modeling

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0543

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 213-229, 2011

Authors: Chen, Yang | Sun, Lei | Huang, Yangwen | Ou, Lin | Su, Ying

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been used in the discrimination of normal and tumor cells for years. It is very important to validate an existing classification model using different algorithms. In this work, two algorithms of support vector classification (SVC) are utilized to validate our previous work about a LDA classification model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines C666-1, CNE2 and nasopharyngeal normal cell line NP69. All of these two SVC algorithms use the same data set as the previous LDA model and, achieve great sensitivity and specificity. The final results show that our previous LDA classification model could be supported …by different SVC algorithms and this demonstrates our classification model is reliable and may be helpful to the realization of RS to be one of diagnostic techniques of NPC. Show more

Keywords: Linear discriminant analysis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Raman spectroscopy, support vector classification

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0548

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 231-236, 2011

Authors: Tomečková, Vladimíra | Štefanišinová, Miroslava | Bilecová-Rabajdová, Miroslava | Kriššáková, Eliška | Tomečko, Marián | Tóth, Štefan | Pekárová, Tímea | Mareková, Mária

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: We present a novel method of assessing damage to the liver using fluorescence analysis of hepatic mitochondria following ischaemia/reperfusion of the small intestine in a rat model. This work is of substantial importance in understanding the syndrome of multiorgan failure after ischemia/transplantation of the small intestine. Mitochondria were isolated from six sample groups that had undergone three different experimental treatments: a control group; a treatment with ischaemia followed by reperfusion of the small intestine (IRx ); and, a one hour ischaemia followed by reperfusion after transplant of the small intestine (TRx ). The IR treatment was further subdivided into …three groups: 1, 24 h and 30 days reperfusion – IR1 , IR24 , IR720 , respectively. Concomitantly, the TR treatment was further subdivided: one group underwent a 1 h reperfusion and another group a 6 h reperfusion following ischaemia and transplant – groups TR1 and TR6 , respectively. Once treatment had been undergone, mitochondria were isolated and all five experimental groups – IR1 , IR24 , IR720 , Tr1 , Tr6 – and their emission matrices were analysed compared with that of the control group (C). Comparing fluorescence values in zone A of all experimental groups with those of the control group indicated a reduction in aromatic amino acids in the mitochondria of all experimental groups. Comparison of fluorescent zone B of experimental groups with the control group identified a lack of oxygen in samples IR1 , IR24 , which was indicated though an increase in the fluorescence of the reduced pyridine nucleotide NADH+H+ . Show more

Keywords: Rat liver mitochondria, ischaemia/reperfusion of small intestine, small bowel transplantation, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0545

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 237-243, 2011

Authors: Muntean, Cristina M. | Bratu, Ioan | Leopold, Nicolae

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this work the SERS total half bandwidths of six genomic DNAs from ex vitro-grown apple leaf tissues (Malus domestica Borkh., Fam. Rosaceae, cvs. Rebra, Goldrush, Florina, Romus 4, and the rootstocks M26, M9) and of five genomic DNAs from in vitro grown plants of Arnica montana (L.), Fam. Compositae, Astragalus peterfii (Jáv.), Fam. Fabaceae, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), Fam. Rosaceae, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), Fam. Caryophyllaceae, and Kalanchoe x hybrida, Fam. Crassulaceae, respectively, have been measured. We have shown that surface-enhanced Raman scattering can be used to study the fast subpicosecond dynamics of DNA in the proximity …of a metallic surface. The dependencies of the total half bandwidths and of the global relaxation times, on DNA molecular subgroup structure and on the type of genomic DNA, are reported. It is shown that changes in the subpicosecond surface dynamics of molecular subgroups in genomic DNAs from leaf tissues can be monitored with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In our study, the full widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) for the SERS bands of genomic DNAs from different leaf tissues, are typically in the wavenumber range from 15 to 30 cm−1 for data set 1 and from 13 to 42 cm−1 for data set 2. Besides, it can be observed that molecular relaxation processes studied in this work, have a global relaxation time smaller than 0.71 ps and larger than 0.35 ps (data set 1) and also varying between 0.25–0.82 ps for data set 2. A comparison between different ranges of FT-Raman and SERS band parameters, respectively, of DNA extracted from leaf tissues is given. We have found that the bands of DNA from Florina cultivar and Kalanchoe leaves, respectively, are suitable for the study of dynamical behaviour of molecular subgroups in nucleic acids extracted from different leaf tissues. Show more

Keywords: Genomic DNA, plant species, leaf tissue, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), subpicosecond global relaxation time

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0547

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 245-254, 2011

Authors: Abeysekara, S. | Damiran, D. | Yu, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objectives of this experiment were to use non-invasive and non-destructive infrared molecular spectroscopy as a novel approach to explore and identify protein and carbohydrate molecular structure spectral features of DDGS (dried distillers grain solubles from wheat, Triticum aestivum) and its combinations with barley (Hordeum vulgare), corn (Zea mays) and oat (Avena sativa). The spectral parameters assessed in this study included amides, protein molecular structures of α-helix and β-sheet, lignin, cellulosic compounds (CeC) and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC). The results of the study show that the combinations of DDGS with cereal grains significantly changed (P<0.05) protein and carbohydrate structures and protein …secondary structure. The use of FT/IR molecular spectroscopy in terms of identification of inherent structural changes was remarkable. The combination of DGGS with different grains alters the constituents and intrinsic molecular structures. This change would improve the nutritional quality and digestive characteristics of the feed. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the effect on digestibility, availability and its structural correlation. Show more

Keywords: Protein and carbohydrate structures, spectroscopic impact, oat, barley, corn, wheat DDGS

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0546

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 255-277, 2011

Authors: Soumya, K. | Udayakumar, Raju | Viswanathan, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Male Wistar Albino mice were co-administrated with appropriate dose of sildenafil citrate and alcohol. The kidney samples of those animals were analyzed for lipid peroxidation and antioxidant contents. Lipid peroxidation was measured based on TBARS. Antioxidant such as SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH were also determined. From the present investigation, an enhanced level of TBARS accompanied by a decreased concentration of enzymic as well as non-enzymic antioxidants in kidney was detected for 30 days animals treated concomitantly with sildenafil citrate and alcohol. Increased level of lipid peroxidation lead to accumulation of free radicals and increased oxidative threat in kidney tissues. …Also, the decreased concentration of antioxidant enzymes in renal tissues indicates the failure of antioxidant defence system. Show more

Keywords: Albino mice, kidney, sildenafil citrate, alcohol, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0541

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 279-288, 2011

Authors: Ma, Fei | Tang, Jing | Yang, Chao | Feng, Yu-Ying | Wei, Shao-Hua | Shen, Jian | Zhou, Jia-Hong | Zhou, Lin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The interaction of Elsinochrome A (EA) with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been investigated by UV-vis spectra and fluorescence spectra. The results show that EA can bind with CT-DNA and binding sites are destroyed after irradiation by visible light, which indicates that EA is a promising candidate for photodynamic therapy. In addition, the binding mechanism is studied using fluorescence quenching test and ethidium bromide (EB) replace assay experiments. The results suggest that EA and CT-DNA are binding with a strong force and the major binding mode of EA with DNA could be the electrostatic binding.

Keywords: Elsinochrome A, fluorescence quenching, photodamage, thermodynamics parameter

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0542

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 289-296, 2011

Authors: Farouk, Faten | Moussa, Bahia Abbas | Azzazy, Hassan Mohamed El-Said

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop simple and cost-effective Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) methods for quality control evaluation of repaglinide (RPG), rosiglitazone maleate (RGZ), pioglitazone hydrochloride (PGZ) and metformin hydrochloride (MET) and assess their use for in-process quality control and detection of counterfeit medicine. The conventional KBr disc sampling technique used in FT-IR does not result in constant path-length thus impeding the use of this sensitive and simple technique for quantification of drugs. In this study, FT-IR quantitative assays were developed using a constant KBr disc pathlength to quantify drugs in bulk and tablets. Method validation was done …according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and recovery studies were performed by applying standard addition technique. Samples representing pitfalls at different tablet manufacturing stages and counterfeit medicines were prepared and tested by FT-IR. The developed methods achieved ICH validation parameters. Statistical comparison of the results with reference or reported methods showed no significant difference with respect to method accuracy and precision. The methods were applicable to tablet dosage form with average recovery ranging between 99 and 102%. The developed methods are capable of detecting impurities that result from in-process manufacturing problems and counterfeit products and are inclusive for in-process and end product testing. Show more

Keywords: FT-IR spectroscopy, repaglinide, rosiglitazone maleate, pioglitazone hydrochloride, metformin hydrochloride

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0531

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 297-309, 2011

Authors: Mircescu, Nicoleta Elena | Varvescu, Andrada | Herman, Krisztian | Chiş, Vasile | Leopold, Nicolae

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This work presents a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and density functional theory (DFT) study on neutral and deprotonated molecular forms of zidovudine. A pKa value of 9.55 was found for this compound, the deprotonation occurring at the imide nitrogen of the pyrimidine ring. The characteristic bands of the SERS spectra were assigned considering both, the calculated vibrational wavenumbers and Raman intensity pattern. The adsorption geometry on the silver surface of zidovudine was derived based on the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and the selective Raman bands enhancement.

Keywords: SERS, DFT, pH-dependence, zidovudine

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0544

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 311-315, 2011

Authors: Sultana, Najma | Arayne, M. Saeed | Shamshad, Hina | Mirza, Agha Zeeshan | Naz, Malik Asia | Fatima, Beenish | Asif, M. | Mesaik, M. Ahmed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Cetirizine second generation H1 -receptor antagonist is an acid metabolite of hydroxyzine. Present work was based on six new analogues of cetirizine having nucleophilic substitution reaction synthetic pathway. The reactions were proceeded by replacing the scaffold on the cetirizine moiety using nucleophilic substitution reaction. The structures of analogues were confirmed using UV, IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The analogues were tested for the anti-inflammatory activities on cellular immune response. Oxidative burst response of phagocytes after exposure to the analogues was found to exhibit moderate to significant inhibitory activity (23 to <3.1). However, the compounds as MPC and …PPC also showed remarkable inhibitory effect on PHA activated T-cells response and may prove to be lead compounds in therapeutic world. Show more

Keywords: Cetirizine, oxidative burst, anti-inflammatory activities, H_1-receptor antagonist

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2011-0537

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 26, no. 4-5, pp. 317-328, 2011