Journal of Cellular Biotechnology - Volume 10, issue 2

Authors: Sachdeva, Shivani | Saluja, Harish

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Biologic modifiers are materials or proteins and factors that have the potential to alter the host tissue so as to stimulate or regulate the wound healing process. Classic examples of biologic modifiers are growth factors. Bioengineered materials are widely utilized due to their biocompatibility and degradability, as well as their moisturizing and antibacterial properties. One field of their application in medicine is to treat wounds by promoting tissue regeneration and improving wound healing. In addition to creating a physical and chemical barrier against primary infection, the mechanical stability of the porous structure of biomaterials provides an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like niche …for cells. Growth factors are polypeptide molecules that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of cells during each of the three phases of wound healing. They are present throughout the body in only minute concentrations yet exert a powerful local influence on wound repair. They interact with specific receptors in the cell surface, leading to specific responses determined by the receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways within the target cells. Growth factors (GFs) and cytokines, which are secreted by the cells, are essential parts of the complex process of tissue regeneration and wound healing. Show more

Keywords: Growth factors, biomaterials, periodontal regeneration

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-230133

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 109-124, 2024

Authors: Khaneja, Poorna | Angel, Annette | Joshi, Vinod | Angel, Bennet | Buvvaji, Shareef Mohammed | Mohan, Sneha | Dheer, Monika | Kumari, Khusbhu | Joshi, Ramesh | Thakur, Rajesh | Barthwal, Shilpa | Khan, Ambreen Shafaat | Peer, Nuzhat Maqbool | Singh, Satendar Pal | Singh, Neha | Sharma, Bhawna | Chitransh, Aarya | Chauhan, Reshu | Tomar, Komal | Yadav, Kiran

Article Type: Short Communication

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The comparative understanding between cellular basis of transmission and clinical severities caused by Wuhan, Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 is important. OBJECTIVE: To conduct In-Vitro studies on cellular infection caused by different variants by performing cytotoxic assays and studying the live microscopic observations. METHODS: The swab samples positive for Wuhan, Delta and Omicron strains were inoculated in the Vero cell lines and their rate of infectivity and nature of cytopathy was observed. RESULTS: The study showed maximum inter cellular connectivity among cells infected by Delta variant, followed by Wuhan and least …inter cellular connections in the cells infected by Omicron variant. The Delta strain causing highest mortality as per reported epidemiological trends, showed highest inter cellular connections and maximum cell damage supporting the fastest cell to cell spread of infection and causing most mortality among patients. CONCLUSIONS: The paper reports that numerous inter cellular connections is the cause of spread of infection among cells and maximum cell damage as the cause of clinical severities. The paper sensitizes the issue that 52 subunit of viral Spike Protein could act as fusion enzyme causing the numerous inter cellular connections. Study suggests that the S2 subunit of the viral Spike Protein could be the drug target for therapeutic intervention. Show more

Keywords: Variants, SARS-CoV-2, cytopathic, in-vitro , intercellular

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240139

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 125-130, 2024

Authors: Ahmed, Shadab | Seth, Namdev | Goyal, Radhika | Krishna, Sreejith | Kale, Preeti

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a transformative force in regenerative medicine, offering unprecedented opportunities for advancements in various fields. This review explores the revolutionary impact of iPSCs specifically within the realm of dentistry, where regenerative strategies are increasingly sought to address oral and craniofacial tissue defects. iPSCs, derived from somatic cells through reprogramming, exhibit pluripotency and can differentiate into various cell types, including dental-specific lineages such as odontoblasts, ameloblasts, and osteoblasts. The application of iPSCs in dentistry holds immense promise for tissue repair, regeneration, and disease modelling. This review delves into the key aspects …of iPSC-based approaches in dental research, covering topics such as tooth regeneration, periodontal tissue engineering, and craniofacial defect repair. We discuss the challenges and advancements in iPSC technology, emphasizing the potential for personalized regenerative therapies tailored to individual patients. Show more

Keywords: Induced pluripotent stem cells, dentistry, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, dental regeneration

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240145

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 131-137, 2024

Authors: Sachdeva, Shivani | Saluja, Harish | Mahajani, Monica J. | Tripathi, Vandana | Deo, Aparna | Mani, Amit

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Bone resorption is a feature of both osteoporosis and periodontitis. While, periodontitis causes localized inflammatory bone loss after an infected breach of the alveolar cortical bone and may cause tooth loss, osteoporosis causes systemic degenerative bone loss that results in loss of skeletal cancellous microstructure and eventual fracture. The majority of cross-sectional investigations have predominantly used radiographic data and to a lesser extent clinical criteria to confirm the link between osteoporosis and periodontitis. Age, heredity, hormonal changes, smoking, and a lack of calcium and vitamin D are just a few of the many common risk factors. Both disorders may have …mutual effects and may even be risk factors for one another, necessitating concurrent therapy. Disruption of the homeostasis of bone remodelling, hormone balance, and inflammation resolution are proposed processes underpinning the relationship. Emerging is a mutual interventional strategy with intricate therapeutic interactions. Both disorders urge future well-controlled longitudinal and interventional studies for evidence-based clinical guidelines and call for interdisciplinary approaches to prevention and care. Show more

Keywords: Osteoporosis, periodontal disease, bone remodelling

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240150

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 139-157, 2024

Authors: Sahil, Siramdas | Bodh, Suman | Verma, Praveen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spirulina platensis is a well-known photosynthetic prokaryotic alga that has gained recognition in various industries, including food, health, aquaculture and pharmaceuticals. The United Nations acknowledged spirulina as a nutritious food source because of its rich pigments and high protein content. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to provide an overview of how Spirulina is utilized as both a dietary supplement as well as functional food ingredient in the food industry. METHOD: Spirulina powder can be added to various foods such as bread, cakes and cookies to increase the nutritional value. It is particularly valuable …as a dietary supplement in efforts to combat malnutrition in impoverished regions. RESULT: Spirulina platensis is also a source of essential components used in the therapeutic microalgae supplement market. These components include alpha-carotene, astaxanthin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as DHA and EPA) and polysaccharides like beta-glucan. CONCLUSION: It is evident that the consumption of spirulina algae can offer both financial benefits and health advantages. Even though there is a large amount of research on the nutritional, environmental and social benefits of spirulina, some natural areas still produce insufficient amounts of the algae. As a result, more and more scientists and researchers throughout the world are pushing for the growth of spirulina farming. Show more

Keywords: Spirulina, functional food, dietary supplement, bioactive compounds, antioxidants

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240151

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 159-172, 2024

Authors: Badge, Ankit K. | Bankar, Nandkishor J. | Tiwade, Yugeshwari R. | Bandre, Gulshan R. | Holkar, Ghoshita

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Rotavirus, a prevalent pathogen within the Reoviridae family, poses a significant threat to children, particularly infants and young children, causing gastroenteritis. High transmissibility and severe diarrhea lead to dehydration, severe infection, and death, especially in regions with limited resources and poor sanitation. Rotavirus infections spread through contaminated food, water, and fomites, primarily affecting developing countries due to inadequate sanitation standards. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial preventive strategy against rotavirus gastroenteritis, with the aim of reducing the global burden of the disease. The early rotavirus vaccines, exemplified by Rota-Shield, faced challenges such as safety concerns, emphasizing the importance of rigorous …safety evaluation and post-marketing surveillance. Subsequent vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, have shown efficacy and safety, significantly reducing rotavirus-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. The global implementation of rotavirus vaccination programs has expanded vaccine access, leading to a decrease in disease incidence and hospitalizations. Despite these achievements, challenges persist, such as hesitantness to apply the vaccine and disparities in vaccine access. Future research directions include the development of next-generation vaccines with greater coverage and the exploration of novel vaccine delivery strategies. A sustained commitment to research, infrastructure strengthening, and community involvement is essential to eliminate the burden of rotavirus disease worldwide. The objective of this review is to explore the evolution of rotavirus vaccines and impact on global public health. Show more

Keywords: Rotavirus, vaccines, evolution, global health, public health, impact, development

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-240155

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 173-182, 2024

Authors: Muravyov, A. | Tikhomirova, I. | Priezzhev, A. | Lugovtsov, A. | Volkova, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are red blood cells (RBCs) of different ages in the circulating blood. At the same time, old cells have reduced deformability and increased RBC aggregability. With an increase in the number of old RBCs, especially in pathology, this can significantly affect tissue oxygenation. It is known that the gaseous mediators: nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) have a positive effect on the RBC microrheology and quite possibly differently on old and young red blood cells. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research work was to study the capabilities of the H2 S donor and substrate …of its endogenous production, L-cysteine to change positively the microrheological characteristics of RBCs of different ages to varying degrees. METHODS: Whole blood samples (9 mL) from healthy donors (n  = 24) were drawn vacuum tubes. RBCs were separated from plasma by centrifugation and washed three times. Red blood cells were density fractionated, according to the method described by Murphy and were separated into three main age subpopulations by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. RBCs of all three age fractions were incubated for 30 min. at 37°C with: NaHS (100 μM), L-cysteine (500 μM), clotrimazole as Gardos channel blocker (50 μM). After RBC incubation, their deformability (RBCD) and aggregation (RBCA) were recorded and compared with the corresponding cell suspension to which the drug was not added. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that both compounds NaHS and L-cysteine moderately and significantly increased RBCD in all age subpopulations of RBCs and significantly reduced aggregation. It was found that the magnitudes of these microrheological responses were significantly greater in old RBCs. Analysis of the results showed that Gardos channels may be one of the molecular targets for the action of H2 S on red blood cells. CONCLUSION: Old RBCs significantly increased deformability and decreased aggregation than mature and young cells in response to exposure to NaHS or L-cysteine. In general, we can conclude that a donor of hydrogen sulfide and a substrate for its synthesis, L-cysteine can be considered as a promising drug for restoring impaired RBC microrheological characteristics and contribute to the preservation of the function of old RBCs. Show more

Keywords: Red blood cell, red blood cell age subpopulations, deformability, aggregation, hydrogen sulphide, L-cysteine

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-249001

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 183-192, 2024

Authors: Mantskava, Maia | Pargalava, Nugzar | Sherozia, Ina | Momtselidze, Nana | Kuchava, Giorgi | Jung, Friedrich | Prantl, Lukas

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Limb-threatening ischemia is one of more important problem of fundamental and practice modern angiology. Despite the development of modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches good results, Limb-Threatening Ischemia deserves special attention and occupies a special place among medical, biomedical and socio-economic problems. A comprehensive study will make it possible to develop new approaches, the result of which should be a decrease in the total number of diseases, as well as a minimization of complications leading to large-scale tissue losses and amputations. OBJECTIVE: We set out to develop a new non-invasive method for studying microcirculation in patients with limb-threatening …ischemia. METHODS: We investigated control group and adults of both sexes (age: 50–75 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of the claudication. Men and women in ratio 1 : 1 in control and target groups. RESULTS: The research results showed that the original microcirculation coefficient calculated according to our algorithm in patients with intermittent claudication was 70% better than in the control group and 120% of patients were worse than in patients with Limb-Threatening Ischemia. CONCLUSION: Our research team created an original so called coefficient of microcirculation. In order to determine it, we studied the blood flow in the pulsations on the left and right side of the posterior tibial arteries of the legs at rest (names of lines SIN F, DEX F) and during post-ischemic hyperemia in the same lines. The study of microcirculation based on the microcirculation coefficient is very informative. The importance of this methodology for studying the total peripheral blood flow and arteriolar response is due to fundamental and clinical developments, as well as financial costs. Considering the technique described in the article can be easily mastered by medical personnel, it is easy to use in the inpatient and outpatient sectors, its use does not require large areas of the medical facility, the equipment is not expensive and the test itself does not cause inconvenience to the patient, then we can recommend including the described method is included in the list of functional diagnostic tests as a direct and quantitative method for determining microcirculation (without special costs on the part of medical institutions, insurance companies and the patient). Show more

Keywords: Microcirculation, ischemia, vessels, Doppler, Non-invasive diagnostic test

DOI: 10.3233/JCB-249002

Citation: Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 193-203, 2024