International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine - Volume 17, issue 3-4

Article Type: Other

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 93-95, 2005

Authors: Verhoef, J. | Fluit, A.C. | Jansen, W.T.M. | van der Bruggen, J.T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a considerable and growing health threat in Europe and the rest of the world. Even though antibiotic resistance is inevitably coupled to the use of antibiotics and the problem may be partly irreversible, proper action can and should be taken to contain antibiotic resistance. We urge the European Union, scientists, healthcare workers, patients and their advocates, politicians, and educators to consider, contribute to, and become advocates of the implementation of a plan of action. Once we all contribute, we can become optimistic about controlling antibiotic resistance.

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 97-102, 2005

Authors: Cars, Otto | Nordberg, Per

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 103-110, 2005

Authors: Andersson, Dan I.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The array of mechanisms that bacteria possess to withstand extreme conditions and to resist harmful drugs and other toxic agents compounds is fascinating. Use of antibacterial medicines over the last 60 years have triggered a combination of genetic and biochemical mechanisms within the bacteria to secure their survival in otherwise lethal environments. Bacterial clones with natural and acquired resistance have continuously been selected as an evolutionary response to the use of antibiotics. Resistance can be acquired as a result of genetic events causing alterations in the pre-existing bacterial genome such as point mutations and gene amplifications. The other major mechanism …is horizontal gene transfer between bacteria both within and between species, where transposons, integrons or plasmids are introduced into an organism. The successive introduction of new antibiotics has catalysed the accumulation of resistance mechanisms that travel between microbes, creating clones with multiresistant properties. Show more

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 111-116, 2005

Authors: Nordberg, Per | Stålsby-Lundborg, Cecilia | Tomson, Göran

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 117-125, 2005

Authors: Dukes, M.N. Graham

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 127-131, 2005

Authors: Monnet, Dominique L.

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 133-145, 2005

Authors: Smith, David L. | Dushoff, Jonathan | Morris, Jr., J. Glenn

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 147-155, 2005

Authors: Fauci, Anthony S. | Touchette, Nancy A. | Folkers, Gregory K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Although optimists once imagined that serious infectious disease threats would by now be conquered, newly emerging (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]), re-emerging (e.g., West Nile virus), and even deliberately disseminated infectious diseases (e.g., anthrax bioterrorism) continue to appear throughout the world. Over the past decade, the global effort to identify and characterize infectious agents, decipher the underlying pathways by which they cause disease, and develop preventive measures and treatments for many of the world's most dangerous pathogens has resulted in considerable progress. Intramural and extramural investigators supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have contributed …substantially to this effort. This overview highlights selected NIAID-sponsored research advances over the past decade, with a focus on progress in combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, West Nile virus, and potential bioterror agents. Many basic research discoveries have been translated into novel diagnostics, antiviral and antimicrobial compounds, and vaccines, often with extraordinary speed. Show more

Keywords: Infectious disease, drug resistance, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, West Nile virus, bioterrorrism

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 157-167, 2005

Authors: van Boxtel, Chris J. | Edwards, I. Ralph

Article Type: Research Article

Citation: International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, vol. 17, no. 3-4, pp. 169-172, 2005