Human Antibodies - Volume 27, issue 2

Authors: Almehdar, Hussein A. | El-Baky, Nawal Abd | Alhaider, Abdulqader A. | Redwan, Elrashdy M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Secretory lactoferrins play a crucial rolls at mucosal surfaces as not only antimicrobial molecules in primate as well as human, but as physiological protein. Its multiple functions extended to be one of immunogen could elicited autoimmune disorders. Purified camel lactoferrin (cLfs) from different Saudi camel clans were shown to be a potent immunogen when injected into rabbit. Four rabbit were subcutaneously immunized with different camel clans lactoferrin/Freunds adjuvant. Anti-cLfs potency titration was reach 1:32000 and did not significantly differences between different cLfs. The cross-reactivity level of different anti-Lfs were highly significant, specially between cLfs and bLf/hLf.

Keywords: Immunogenicity, lactoferrin, anti-lactoferrin, polyclonal antibody, milk, camel lactoferrin

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180351

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 85-90, 2019

Authors: Manoochehrabadi, Saba | Arsang-Jang, Shahram | Mazdeh, Mehrdokht | Inoko, Hidetoshi | Sayad, Arezou | Taheri, Mohammad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) maintained by the secretion of a large number of cytokines [1]. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT ) family has an essential role in transmitting many of the cytokine-mediated signals and failure in the signaling process contributes to the etiopathogenesis of MS. METHODS: This study aimed to assess STAT1 , STAT2 and STAT3 gene expression in the blood of 50 relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients and 50 healthy controls by TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time PCR. …RESULTS: The results showed that STAT1 gene expression was significantly up-regulated (p = 0.023), whereas STAT2 gene expression was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.0001) in MS patients compared to controls. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between MS patients and controls for STAT3 gene expression (p = 0.837). In addition, there was no significant correlation between the expression of STAT1 , STAT2 , STAT3 genes and clinical findings, such as the level of physical disability in MS patients (according to the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) criterion) and disease duration. CONCLUSION: A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between STAT1 and STAT2 and also between STAT1 and STAT3 . This study shows for the first time that a comparison of the relative quantitative expression of three different STAT genes in the blood cells of MS patients compared to controls revealed marked differences in the expression of the STAT family genes that might reflect their different roles in the pathogenesis of MS. These transcripts might be useful biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of IFN treatment of the MS patients. Show more

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180352

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 91-98, 2019

Authors: Rouhani, Borzu | Ghaderian, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein | Salehi, Zivar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population. In recent years, multiple CAD promising risk factors have been reported and used for risk stratification. Lipoprotein(a) [LPA] concentration in plasma was shown associated with CAD risk and LPA genetic variants in different ethnic groups remains less clear. METHODS: We obtained data from 100 affected patients with established CAD and 100 healthy controls. We tested Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol level (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides …(TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and two LPA (rs10455872 and rs3798220 SNPs) between cases and healthy controls. TaqMan SNP genotyping assays were performed to detect variants. RESULTS: Obtained data for BMI, TC, SBP, DBP, and LDL have significantly difference between two groups. Individually, the single SNPs were not associated with CAD in different analysis models. Also there was no significant difference in the incidence of CAD among cases carrying different genotypes of the two variants in LPA with p > 0.05. DISCUSSION: In this study patients with CAD, lipoprotein(a) concentrations and genetic variants showed no associations and we conclude that these variables are not useful risk factors to predict progression to disease is Iranian population. However, the prevalence and association of LPA SNPs with size of LPA and isoforms are highly variable and genetic background-specific. CONCLUSION: Our data did not indicate a relationship between genomic LPA variants (rs10455872 and rs3798220) and subsequent cardiovascular events in Iranian CAD patients. We did not confirm the association of the theses SNPs with CAD in our samples of Iranian patients. For the studied variants, our finding is consistent with reports which showed the lack of this genetic association in other populations. Show more

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, genome-wide association, lipoprotein(a)

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180353

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 99-104, 2019

Authors: Dawood, Reham M. | Salum, Ghada M. | Abdelhafez, Tawfeek H. | El Shenawy, Reem | Ibrahim, Noha E. | El Awady, Mostafa K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In this study, the safety and tolerability of new candidate HCV vaccine named Cenv6 were screened in mice. Cenv6 peptide is composed of 6 synthetic HCV peptides (3 structural and 3 nonstructural peptides). METHODS: Forty eight mice were enrolled in this study, 12 controls and 36 mice (the thirty-six mice were categorized into 3 groups according to administered doses (3 monthly doses of 800 ng, 1600 ng, and 16 μ g/25 gm mouse body weight (bw))). Hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes were appraised. RESULTS: Our data indicated that …the doses of 800 ng and 1600 ng of Cenv6 per 25 gm mouse body weight were safe as compared to the dose 16 μ g/25 gm bw (10 times more than the potential therapeutic dose) for all examined tissues while the 16 μ g Cenv6 dose provoked histopathological changes in kidneys, liver and lungs. CONCLUSIONS: The extravagant histopathological changes in different organs have exiled the 16 μ g dose out of acceptable range and validated that Cenv6 is safe and tolerable at the two lower doses (800 and 1600 ng/25 gm bw). Show more

Keywords: HCV, vaccine, Cenv6, safety

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180354

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 105-110, 2019

Authors: Fadiloglu, Erdem | Unal, Canan | Beksac, Mehmet Sinan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Autoimmunity is related to poor obstetric outcomes in previous studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management and the pregnancy outcomes of patients positive for anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated obstetric, neonatal outcomes and Beksac Obstetrics Index (BOI) of pregnancies with APCA positivity. Coexisting Methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms, other autoimmune antibody positivities, or thrombophilias were also evaluated in terms of obstetric outcomes. RESULTS: Of 39 pregnancies, three resulted in abortions (7.6%). The median gestational week and birthweight was 37 weeks and 2795 g. The median APGAR scores were …8, 9, and 9 for first, fifth, and tenth minute, respectively. Analysis involving additional risk factors showed no significant difference between the groups, evaluating APCA titers, MTHFR polymorphisms, or thrombophilia status. Significant difference was only observed for the fifth minute APGAR scores between the groups with other autoantibody positivities (p = 0.036). Despite lack of significant differences, patients with positivity for more than one autoimmune antibody had lower APGAR scores for the first and tenth minute, respectively (p = 0.727; p = 0.083). BOI analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, demonstrating that more than one “antibody positivity” indicated a worse obstetric history. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with more than one autoantibody positivity, including APCA, must be considered as high-risk patients. Show more

Keywords: Anti-parietal cell antibody, autoantibodies, autoimmunity, pregnancy outcome

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180355

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 111-116, 2019

Authors: Azizi, Faezeh | Omrani, Mir Davood | Amiri, Vahid | Mirfakhraie, Reza | Dodangeh, Fatemeh | Shahmirzadi, Sedigheh Asadi | Gargari, Soraya Saleh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Pre-eclampsia is a common pregnancy disorder syndrome whose molecular mechanism is not clear. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of placentation. Reduction of NO has previously been associated with endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclamptic women. Therefore, we measured expression and methylation of some placental genes that were involved in NO pathway like named ARG II, PRMT1 and DDAH2 in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancies in order to determine whether impairment of expression of these genes in the pre-eclamptic placenta could contribute to development of disease. ARG II, PRMT1 expressions as well as DDAH2 expression and methylation, in …placentas collected from 59 patients with preeclampsia and 40 normotensive pregnancies were measured using real-time PCR and methylation specific PCR, respectively. The relationship among ARG II, PRMT1 and DDAH2 expressions was analyzed statistically. ARG II expression was increased, PRMT1 expression was not significantly changed. DDAH2 expression was decreased and qualitative methylation patterns were 32/59 and 21/40 in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia compared with control group, respectively. The alterations in ARG II and DDAH2 expressions in pre-eclampsia patients maybe correlated with decreased eNOS expression. These findings indicate that ARG II and DDAH2 may be involved in pre-eclampsia pathogenesis and could be potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Show more

Keywords: Preeclampsia, ARG II, PRMT1, DDAH2

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180356

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 117-124, 2019

Authors: Endo, Soichiro | Yamada, Takahiro | Kobayashi, Takayuki | Naganawa, Yasunori | Tabuchi, Toshihiro | Shinmoto, Hiroshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient allergic to Japanese cedar pollens were transformed by Epstein-Barr virus infection. Some transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells (BLCs) secreted IgM class antibodies to cedar pollen extracts and tomato fruit extracts. One stable human-mouse hybridoma clone Y-22-3-3 secreting IgM class monoclonal antibody to tomato fruit extracts was established by cell fusion of BLCs with mouse myeloma cells. Western blot analysis of tomato extracts showed Y-22-3-3 monoclonal antibody recognized a tomato protein with a molecular weight of 40 kDa. The CBB-stained 40 kDa protein from antibody-affinity chromatography was analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF, and identified as tomato endo-beta-mannanase, which was …previously reported as one of the potential candidates for tomato allergens. Show more

Keywords: Japanese cedar pollen, tomato, allergy, monoclonal antibody, hybridoma

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180357

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 125-128, 2019

Authors: Shams, Roshanak | Geranpayeh, Lobat | Omrani, Mir Davood | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: ID-1 gene codes for a helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein that inhibits the DNA binding and transcriptional activation function of these proteins. METHODS: We analyzed ID-1 expression in microarray and RNA Sequencing databases as well as 61 breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs). RESULTS: Expression analysis of ID-1 gene in two microarray datasets and RNA sequencing data showed down-regulation of ID-1 in tumoral tissues compared with normal tissues. However, ID-1 expression analysis in tumoral tissues and ANCTs obtained from 61 patients revealed its over-expression in tumoral tissues. …A negative association was detected between ID-1 expression levels and ER status. CONCLUSION: ID-1 expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer especially in patient with ER negative status. Show more

Keywords: Breast cancer, estrogen receptor, ID-1

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180358

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 129-134, 2019

Authors: Tanacan, Atakan | Beksac, Mehmet Sinan | Orgul, Gokcen | Duru, Sinem | Sener, Burcin | Karaagaoglu, Ergun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) positivity and related diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, and other autoimmune diseases are known to be associated with obstetrical complications and poor perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the importance of ENA, anti-dsDNA, antiphospholipid (APL), and anticardiolipin (ACL) antibody positivity on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: Ninety one pregnant women with known ENA, anti-dsDNA, APL IgG and IgM, and ACL IgG and IgM antibody positivity were retrospectively compared with 91 randomly selected pregnant woman in terms of obstetrical complications and pregnancy outcomes. Beksac Obstetrics …Index-pregnancy (BOIp), calculated as (number of children + (π /10))/gravidity in the current pregnancy, was used to compare the risk level between groups. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the median maternal age, gravidity, number of previous miscarriages, and BOIp between the groups (p = 0.04, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Significant differences were also found between the study and control groups in the median gestational age at birth, birth weight, and APGAR1 score (p < 0.001 for all). Similarly, significant differences were found between groups in the rates of intra-uterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, and gestational hypertension (p < 0.001, p = 0.05, and p = 0.05, respectively). There were 3 (3.3%) stillbirths in the study group and none in the control group (p = 0.123). CONCLUSION: We evaluated the impact of anti-dsDNA, ENA, APL, and ACL antibody positivity, which may cause immunologic inflammation at placenta and thereby affect pregnancy outcomes. Show more

Keywords: Pregnancy, extractable nuclear antigen, anti-double stranded DNA, antiphospholipid antibody, anticardiolipin antibody, perinatal morbidity and mortality, placental inflammation

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-180359

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 135-141, 2019