Circulating innate and adaptive immunity against anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Zarei, Adi E.^{a; b} | Linjawi, Mustafa H.^c | Redwan, Elrashdy M.^{a; b; d; *}

Affiliations: [a] Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | [b] Main Medical Laboratory, Medical Services, Saudi Airlines, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | [c] Department of Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia | [d] Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Elrashdy M. Redwan, %****␣hab-27-hab190373_temp.tex␣Line␣25␣**** Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +96 656 702 8262; Fax: +96 656 702 8262; E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) are one of most dangerous microbes that occupies the paediatric nasopharyngeal as a commensal opportunistic bacterium, which may lead to meningitis in uncontrolled infection. Colonisation of pharyngeal tissues is the starting point for most H. influenzae infections, which may develop into invasive diseases, such meningitis. The vaccination against Hib in specific, as well as against most of vaccines preventable diseases; in general, play a major role in reducing children (< 5 years old) Hib meningitis from 57/100,000 to the lowest known Hib meningitis incidents in the history. First invented Hib vaccine was licensed in 1985 and contained Hib capsular polysaccharide (CPS); afterward, conjugate vaccines have been innovated and licensed on the road to improve Hib vaccine efficacy. Polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) is the main vaccine unite structure. Since anti-CPS antibodies in the serum reflect the extent of the acquired immunity against Hib infections, the concentration of ⩾ 0.15 g/ml of anti-CPS is believed to be an indicator for short-term protection from invasive Hib diseases, whereas one-month post-completion of primary Hib immunization concentration of ⩾ 1.0 g/ml is trusted to be immunological protective. As considered that serum anti-CPS antibodies are effectively linked to protection, the evaluation of antibodies concentration and reconsideration of published worldwide populations antibodies concentration are consider vital strides on the way to accurate valuation of Hib immunity that induced by vaccination; either direct or herd. As documented, some populations; worldwide, still susceptible to invasive Hib infections. Several populations worldwide remain vulnerable to Hib-related infections. We believe that up-to-date review article regarding circulated Hib immunology, represented in anti-Hib antibodies and worldwide Hib incidences will provide a precious information for microbiologists, public health officials, epidemiologists, immunologists, and strategic preventive healthcare executives.

Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae type b, anti-CPS, innate immunity, vaccines, seroepidemiology, antibody isotypes, herd immunity

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-190373

Journal: Human Antibodies, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 201-212, 2019