Affiliations: [a] Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, | [b] Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences,
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Monica Smikle, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Mona, Jamaica, WI. Tel.: +1 876 927 1660; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal infections are a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, complicated by the increasing antimicrobial resistance of pneumococcal isolates. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate morbidity and mortality associated with both invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD in Jamaica in both the paediatric and adult population. Pneumococcal isolates (n= 94) were collected over a 2-year period (2008–2009). METHODS: Risk factors for poor clinical outcomes: death, complicated disease and length of hospitalization (LOH) were evaluated and antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. RESULTS: The case fatality rate was 6.8%. Independent mortality risk factors included complicated disease [OR 30.9 (3.4–276.6)] and diabetes mellitus [OR 8.3 (1.4–48.8)]. Independent risk factors for the development of complicated disease included sickle cell disease [OR 36.5 (4.2–320.3)] and sepsis [OR 3.5 (1.2–10.4)]. The LOH was increased most in patients with invasive disease (4.6-fold) and resistance to ceftriaxone (4.3-fold). Penicillin (16.0%) and erythromycin (14.9%) resistance was most prevalent, while ceftriaxone (4.3%) resistance was least prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: The high burden of IPD in at-risk groups in our population and the associated increase in morbidity and mortality underlie the need for improved preventive and therapeutic management strategies in these patients.
