Work - Volume 79, issue 3

Authors: Qi, Linyan | Fu, Qibo | Li, Wenchang | Wu, Jiheng | Li, Ji | Ni, Shaoqing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: While CRCs play a crucial role in clinical trials, their job satisfaction has not received enough attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the job satisfaction of CRCs and to explore the relevant factors. METHODS: The survey was programmed into an online questionnaire platform and distributed to CRCs in China for self-evaluation. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to assess job satisfaction, and data on demographic characteristics, working situations, burnout and social support also were collected to identify factors associated with job satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using the R software program. Factors associated with job satisfaction …were explored using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS: 2,840 participants were included in this survey, and the mean value of overall job satisfaction was characterized as “moderate to not fully satisfied”. Additionally, both burnout and overall social support were reported at moderate levels. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age, monthly income, sleep duration per day, weekly working time, a fixed workplace, subjective support, utilization of support, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were significantly associated with all types of job satisfaction (p  <  0.05). Among all the factors, a fixed workplace was more strongly associated with job satisfaction than the other factors (OR = 0.596, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the fixed-point CRC mode to promote the provision of a fixed workplace, improving the CRC career development path, increasing income, subjective support and utilization of support, reducing weekly working time, job burnout will help to predict job satisfaction in CRCs. Show more

Keywords: Clinical trial, social support, burnout, research, working conditions, workplace

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230732

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1121-1132, 2024

Authors: Yaqian, Zhang | Chonggao, Wang | Fan, Zhang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 poses great challenges for preschool teachers in China, which will increase the level of job stress and job burnout, and have an impact on the relationship between job stress, job burnout, and perceived organizational support (POS). However, few studies have examined trilateral relationships, especially the role of POS concerning job stress and job burnout of preschool teachers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the three variables of job burnout, job stress, and POS, as well as explore the moderating effects of POS between job stress and job burnout. METHODS: …A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool teachers in six provinces of China. A total of 408 preschool teachers completed a self-report questionnaire, including three scales that measured job burnout, job stress, and POS respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship among variables. RESULTS: The results showed that job burnout among Chinese preschool teachers was at a medium level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job stress was positively related to job burnout, and the POS was negatively related to job burnout. Additionally, POS moderated the relationship between job stress and job burnout and alleviated the adverse effects of job stress on the job burnout of preschool teachers. CONCLUSION: POS can play a moderating role between job stress and job burnout of Chinese preschool teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more

Keywords: Job burnout, perceived organizational support (POS), job stress, moderating effect, preschool teachers, the COVID-19 pandemic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230151

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1133-1146, 2024

Authors: Boets, Isabelle | Luyten, Steven | Vandenbroeck, Sofie | Godderis, Lode

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long term sick leave (SL) is increasing in Europe, several countries have legislative initiatives to reduce long-term absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of a legally defined return-to-work (RTW) trajectory on the RTW of employees on sick leave in Belgium. METHODS: This was a retrospective register-based cohort study of employees (n  = 1416) who followed an RTW trajectory in 2017. We linked workers’ data from a prevention service with social security data. By multinomial logistic regression, we analysed which characteristics predicted the RTW with the same or another employer. RESULTS: One year after their …RTW trajectory, 69.2% of the 1416 employees did not RTW; 10.7% returned to work with the same employer and 20.1% with a new employer. Duration of SL was an important predictor for the RTW with both the same employer and another employer. The odds of RTW were lower when the SL duration was >  6 months compared to <  6 months. Marital status, organization-size, and the occupational physician decision had a significant impact on the RTW with the same employer. Age and who initiated the RTW-trajectory were important predictors on the RTW with another employer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 30.8% of employees returned to work after their RTW trajectory. A one-size-fits-all approach is not recommended. A stepped approach with an early, informal start of the RTW process is advised. When employees or employers fail to initiate the RTW on their own, a legally defined RTW trajectory could be useful. In particular, RTW with another employer seemed a positive effect of the RTW-trajectory. Show more

Keywords: Sick leave, return to work, retrospective study, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230412

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1147-1157, 2024

Authors: Abella, Arving A. | Prasetyo, Yogi Tri | Cahigas, Maela Madel L. | Dela Cruz, Ronnie B. | Nadlifatin, Reny

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aircraft software loading tools evolved as enhanced floppy disks and different types of portable data loaders emerged into the modern world. However, there was a lack of academic research centered on the usability of those tools. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the usability of three aircraft software loading tools: floppy disks, Teledyne PMAT, and MBS mini PDL. METHODS: A total of 20 avionics technicians answered 10 System Usability Scale (SUS) indicators and performed the software loading task. These professionals completed three sets of SUS questionnaires, one set for each software tool. RESULTS: Analysis of …Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were statistical differences in SUS score and completion time. The comparable SUS score and completion time pertained to the following tools: floppy disks & MBS mini PDL and Teledyne PMAT & MBS mini PDL. Pearson correlation analysis noted a significant positive relationship between SUS score & software tool. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between SUS score & completion time and software tool & completion time. However, avionics technicians’ years of experience lacked a significant impact on SUS score and completion time. Ultimately, it was recommended to utilize MBS mini PDL. This aircraft loading tool had the most significant impact, highest SUS score, and fastest completion time. CONCLUSIONS: The researchers presented managerial implications if MBS mini PDL was utilized, including sales increase and overhead cost savings. Finally, this research was the first study that analyzed the usability of the commonly used aircraft software loading tools. Show more

Keywords: System Usability Scale (SUS), aircraft software, floppy disk, teledyne portable maintenance access terminal (PMAT), MBS mini Portable Data Loader (PDL)

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230653

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1159-1173, 2024

Authors: Jin, Haizhe | Zhou, Junnan | Zhang, Jiahao | Fu, Yongyan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The performance of healthcare workers directly impacts patient safety and treatment outcomes. This was particularly evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze research trends on factors influencing work performance among healthcare workers through bibliometric analysis and conduct a comparative analysis from macro and micro perspectives before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to complement the existing research. METHODS: This study involved a bibliometric analysis of 1408 articles related to work performance in the healthcare field published between 2010 and 2023, using the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases, …and 37 articles were selected to determine the factors influencing work performance. RESULTS: By conducting a bibliometric analysis of the articles based on country, institution, journal, co-cited references, and keywords, this study identified a significant growth trend regarding the factors influencing work performance in the healthcare field, and research hotspots shifted from organizational factors like standard towards psychological factors such as burnout, anxiety, and depression following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, this study extracted 10 micro-level and 9 macro-level influencing factors from the selected articles for supplementary analysis. Furthermore, this study conducted a comparative analysis of the impact of these factors on work performance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This study addressed the limitations of previous studies regarding incomplete extraction of factors influencing work performance and unclear comparisons of parameters before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provide insights and guidance for improving the performance of healthcare workers. Show more

Keywords: Healthcare workers, work performance, influencing factors, COVID-19 pandemic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230327

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1175-1194, 2024

Authors: Liu, Yao-zhong | Li, Chao-fu | Feng, Xiao-lu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Employees’ perception of being overqualified is a critical factor in influencing their knowledge sharing behavior. However previous studies have not examined the internal mechanism by which perceived overqualification affects knowledge sharing. OBJECTIVE: Drawing on social exchange theory, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived overqualification and knowledge sharing and to examine the mediating effect of organizational identity and the moderating role of psychological entitlement. METHODS: Participants were 284 full-time employees from different companies in China. They answered self-report questionnaires that assessed perceived overqualification, knowledge sharing, organizational identity, and psychological …entitlement. Path analyses were conducted, and the latent moderated structural equations were used to judge the significance of the mediation and moderation. RESULTS: The results revealed that overqualified employees were less willing to share knowledge, and the mediating role of organizational identity was significant. Further, the presence of high psychological entitlement would diminish the beneficial effect of organizational identity on employee knowledge sharing. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study enrich and expand our knowledge on the relationship between overqualification and knowledge sharing and have theoretical and practical implications for promoting constructive behavior among overqualified employees. Show more

Keywords: Perceived overqualification, knowledge sharing, organizational identity, psychological entitlement, moderated mediation effects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230722

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1195-1204, 2024

Authors: Le, Aurora B. | Yuan, Shuhan | Chow, Angela | Mullins-Jaime, Charmaine | Smith, Todd D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) personnel are first responders located at airports in the United States who provide emergency response, mitigation, evacuation, and rescue of passengers and crew of aircraft at airports. The nature of their work puts ARFF personnel in close contact with travelers on a regular basis and at elevated risk for COVID-19 exposure. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we focused on safety behavior, perceived risk, and workplace resources to understand COVID-19 outcomes in the early pandemic among the overlooked worker population of ARFF personnel. The goal of this study was to examine how …a self-reported positive COVID test were associated with safety behavior, perceived risk, and workplace resources. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected among ARFF personnel a year into the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Regression results showed that each additional unit increase in perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 was associated with a 133% increase in the odds of testing positive for COVID-19 (OR = 2.33, p  <  0.05), and with each additional unit increase in perceived severity level, the odds of getting COVID-19 decreased by 47% (OR = 0.53, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Infection control among first responders may be improved by providing relevant information physical and emotional resources, and support that help shape perceptions of risk and adoption of prevention behaviors. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, emergency responders, firefighters, occupational exposure, occupational health, safety, workplace

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230316

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1205-1214, 2024

Authors: Shokrolahi, Ismail | Mououdi, Mohammad Amin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Using a computer may lead to pain in wrists, neck, and back. In addition, adopting various body postures like sitting cross-legged, semi-fowler’s position, and putting the laptop on the leg may lead to the development of persistent and irreversible discomfort. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to design and build an adjustable ergonomic laptop desk based on the anthropometric characteristics of students in the age range of 20 to 30 years and to evaluate its efficiency using RULA and NERPA methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted on 108 students, in which …an adjustable and portable ergonomic desk designed and built based on 10 anthropometric dimensions of students and the length and width of 10 different laptop models. Two assessment methods, RULA and NERPA, were used. Wilcoxon statistic test and SPSS version 26 software used for data analysis. RESULTS: The dimensions of the desk were calculated in three positions, and the desk was made with the ability to adjust height, width and tilt, each with two degrees of freedom. The statistical analysis comparing score of RULA and NERPA in two situations without using a desk and using an ergonomic laptop desk had a significant difference (P -value <  0.001). Comparison of RULA and NERPA scores showed that NERPA evaluated the low ergonomic risk level better than RULA method. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the ability to adjust the designed desk, the changes in RULA and NERPA score in all three modes, it indicates the effectiveness of the table in improving the body posture of users when using a laptop. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, laptop desk, ergonomic design, anthropometry, posture assessment method

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230528

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1215-1224, 2024

Authors: Bostanpara, Alireza | Hemmati, Zahra | Varmazyar, Sakineh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The physical condition of workers’ body structure and assigned duties, can contribute to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body structure status, type of work activity, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the detergent industry. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 148 industrial workers selected based on inclusion criteria and their medical checkup records. Data collection for the study included a demographic information questionnaire, a body map questionnaire, and an assessment of the workers’ musculoskeletal system conducted by three physiotherapists simultaneously. …RESULTS: 54.1% of the participants had a total body structure score classified as poor or fair. The neck region showed the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (51.4%), followed by the lower back region (35.1%). Significant associations were found between abnormalities in the upper and middle limbs of the body and the prevalence of pain in the right shoulder region (Fisher/F = 9.29, P ≤0.05) as well as the intermediate back region (F  = 10.28, P ≤0.01). Office workers experienced a higher prevalence of neck pain than workers in the product line and technical roles, with a statistically significant Odds Ratio (OR) ranging between 2.7 and 6.6 times. Conversely, industrial workers who operate powered machinery showed a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder (OR = 3.93) and left foot (OR = 4.07). Meanwhile, workers involved in loading and unloading tasks had a higher prevalence of pain in the middle back (OR = 3.61) and right foot (OR = 4.5) compared to office workers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pain in the right shoulder and middle back may be due to abnormalities in the upper and intermediate body structure. Production line workers reported a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder, middle back, and foot compared to office workers. Show more

Keywords: Body, detergent, disorder, industry, musculoskeletal, prevalence, worker

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240118

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1225-1235, 2024

Authors: de Mattos, Letícia Anselmo | Rocha, Raoni | de Castro Moura Duarte, F.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human error and violation of rules are perceived as deviations from some desired behavior, appearing variably in literature as either similar or opposing concepts. Behavioral deviations may be linked to accidents or considered a protective factor against them. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore definitions, characteristics, classifications, and management approaches for behavioral deviations, specifically human error and violation of rules. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. RESULTS: The authors differ in defining and classifying error and violation, associating them with generation of accidents or their prevention. The management proposals for deviations highlighted …by the authors were emphasized. CONCLUSION: The findings of this article reinforce the prominence of authors Jens Rasmussen and James Reason in the field. They assert that deviations are a natural aspect of the work process and even serve as a preventive factor against accidents, although their frequent association with accidents remains common in organizations. This study contributes to theoretical understanding by systematizing prevalent perspectives on deviation, human error, and violation of rules. It proposes a taxonomy and emphasizing the need for managing deviations, rather than combating them, especially in an organizational context. Show more

Keywords: Accidents, behavioral, deviation, procedure, rules, management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230186

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1237-1253, 2024

Authors: Starik, Tal | Huber, Maya | Zeilig, Gabi | Wolff, Julie | Ratzon, Navah Z.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The high unemployment rate among people with disabilities (PWDs) can be attributed to barriers found in the work environment and demands of the job itself. Given the lack of comprehensive tools to identify these barriers, we developed the Employment Barriers Questionnaire (EBQ). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop and examine the EBQ’s reliability and validity for detecting employment barriers and possible modifications to overcome them. METHODS: Two stages were conducted: stage I was a cross-sectional design. Stage II included a cross-sectional and prospective design. Thirty-nine people with physical disabilities (mean age 47.21±10.78 …years) were recruited, 51% of which were employed during data collection. During stage I, we developed a first version of the EBQ (EBQ.I) and evaluated its internal reliability. The EBQ.I was filled twice, one week apart to assess test-re-test reliability. Predictive validity was tested using a regression model to predict the employment status of stage II based on EBQ.I’s results from stage I. In stage II, we generated a second version (EBQ.II) and tested its internal-reliability and known-groups validity, by comparing the EBQ.II’s results between employed and unemployed subjects. RESULTS: The results showed that the EBQ.II has a high internal-reliability (α = 0.79–0.97) and a medium-large known-groups validity (–3.95≤Z≤–2.26, p  < 0.05). Additionally, the EBQ.I has a high test re-test reliability (ICC = 0.85–0.94, p  < 0.001) and predictive validity (β = 0.861, p  = 0.033). CONCLUSION: This study has illustrated that the EBQ.II is a unique, reliable and valid tool for identifying employment barriers and modifications to address them, expected to improve vocational rehabilitation efforts. Show more

Keywords: Return to work, rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, work capacity evaluation, job demands

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230736

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1255-1267, 2024

Authors: Singh, Gurdeep | Karmakar, Sougata

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The FMCG manufacturing industry in industrially developing countries operates in a manual or semi-automatic setup, employing a vast labor force. Several non-standardized work activities prevail on the FMCG shop floor and remain prone to safety-related risks involving repetitive motions, forceful exertions, and awkward postures. Among those, the rework of defective pouches/sachets is an unsafe activity of prime concern. It is prone to minor nicks, cuts, and injuries due to inadequate tools being used. It involves sharp cutters/blades and extensive forceful manual hand squeezing, which leads to drudgery and safety concerns. There lies the lack of standardized tools/apparatus for …rework activity, and efforts towards its mitigation are required. OBJECTIVE: Current research aims to address occupational safety-related issues in non-standardized rework activity in small-scale FMCG units through an innovative product design approach. METHODS: An ergo-audit was conducted in eight small-scale FMCG units to identify the prevailing ergonomic stressors and safety concerns. The most critical area of concern, i.e., rework activity, was chosen through card-sorting sessions and discussions held with the stakeholders. An appropriate context-specific apparatus was designed/developed to ensure better safety and occupational health utilizing a systematic product design method involving three phases: initial field survey, design and development, and field trials. RESULTS: The apparatus, which was developed and factory-trialed, was evaluated for productivity improvement and ensuring user compatibility from various human factors’ perspectives. CONCLUSION: In field trials, the developed apparatus was found effective in mitigating safety concerns and various ergonomic stressors associated with FMCG rework. Show more

Keywords: Safety, hazard control, OSH in FMCG, human factors, ergonomic stressors, product design, innovation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240096

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1269-1290, 2024

Authors: Artar, Melike | Erdil, Oya

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the Covid-19 period, academics have given great importance to the concept of teleworking. However, despite this interest, empirical studies investigating the effect of workplace isolation on employees’ behavior during Covid-19 are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being in light of the mediating role of perceived organizational support and the moderating role of job insecurity. METHODS: Within the scope of the research, teleworkers in accordance with the isolation rules was used as a criterion for the selection of the participants. In this vein, data collected from …382 respondents were investigated using structural equation modelling analysis. RESULTS: The results indicate that (1) workplace isolation positively relate to perceived organizational support and negatively related to psychological well-being, (2) perceived organizational support positively relate to psychological wellbeing, (3) perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being, and (4) job insecurity moderates the relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative to understand telework employees’ psychological and emotional processes, which have gained speed in the last year, in adapting to the new order. This study is critical in understanding the psychological processes of teleworkers. Show more

Keywords: Teleworking, workplace, social isolation, job security, Covid-19, psychological well-being, employment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230580

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1291-1306, 2024

Authors: Hittle, Beverly M. | Keller, Elizabeth G. | Lee, Rebecca C. | Daraiseh, Nancy M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high risks associated with occupational fatigue in healthcare, few organizations require nurses to screen and report fatigue symptoms. As a result, little is known about if and how nurses would report fatigue while on the job. OBJECTIVE: To determine if hospital-based pediatric nurses reported fatigue as part of an active injury reporting method. METHODS: This secondary analysis of qualitative data used a descriptive design with content analysis. Data from the parent study were collected at a U.S. pediatric hospital where nurses verbally reported on-shift injuries or near misses and pre- and post-shift health …status via a digital voice recorder. Researchers used content analysis to independently code data for nurses’ references to fatigue. Codes were then analyzed for patterns and themes. RESULTS: Approximately 30% (n  = 104) of participants reported fatigue-related content. Emergent themes were Work Stressors, Individual Risk Factors, Fatigue Descriptors, Adverse Outcomes from Fatigue, Fatigue Buffers, Descriptors for Buffered Fatigue, and Favorable Outcomes from Buffered Fatigue. Fatigue descriptions align with prior literature, demonstrating the accuracy of the voice recorder data collection method. In addition, nurses expressed uncertainty about the appropriateness of reporting fatigue symptoms. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study support pediatric nurses will report fatigue, when provided an opportunity. Additional efforts are needed to better understand effective ways to improve fatigue reporting among nurses, including harnessing current technology for real-time reporting and how to change the culture around fatigue reporting. Show more

Keywords: Fatigue, occupational health, occupational injuries, organizational culture, safety management, risk assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230273

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1307-1321, 2024

Authors: Carlstedt, Anita Björklund | Bjursell, Cecilia | Nyman, Rosita | Dahl Aslan, Anna

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2020 the Swedish Government started a gradual raising of the retirement age, but employers have been silent on the issue. Little is known about whether and how they reflect on what it will mean for their organization, or whether they already have, or are going to, make arrangements in order to facilitate and motivate older workers to stay longer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe managers’ experiences of older workers and age management in connection with the increase of the retirement age in Sweden. METHODS: Data was collected through …semi-structured interviews with fourteen managers from a broad set of organizations in the public and private sectors, and from the Middle and East of Sweden. The transcribed material was analysed in line with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The analysis ended up in seven main categories with associated sub-categories: Older Workers, Retirement Ages, Transition Initiatives, Competence Transfer, Competence Development, Increased Retirement Ages, Knowledge Gaps. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that there is an ambivalence in addressing the issue of age among the interviewed managers, what we have interpreted and labelled as “silent age discrimination”, and it was shown that they do not have elaborated strategies for age management. Show more

Keywords: Competence transfer, competence development, knowledge gaps, prolonged working life, transition

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230468

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1323-1331, 2024

Authors: Meadley, Benjamin N. | Caldwell-Odgers, Joanne

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Paramedics working in helicopter teams undertake water and land rescues. Historical assessments of role-related fitness were not developed using physical employment standards methodology. OBJECTIVE: To compare the historical selection tests with new tests developed via contemporary scientific methodology. METHODS: Candidates undergoing selection to the role of flight paramedic (n  = 14; age 37±5 yrs, body mass index [BMI] 26±4 kg.m2 ) undertook existing paramedic selection tests on land and in water, measurements of task duration, maximum heart rate (HRmax ), rate of perceived exertion (RPE6 - 20 ) and capillary blood lactate (Lacmax ) were recorded. These results were …compared to the same variables in experienced paramedics (n  = 14; age 44±5 yrs, BMI 25±3 kg.m2 ) who undertook the new tests. RESULTS: Land task duration (existing 17±2 min vs. proposed 7±2 min, p  <  0.05) HRmax (existing 186±13 b.min–1 vs. proposed 173±11 b.min–1 , p  <  0.05), and Lacmax (existing 23±3 mmol.L–1 vs. proposed 8±2 mmol.L–1 , p  <  0.05) were higher in the existing test compared to the proposed tests. Water task duration (existing 12±2 min vs. proposed 10±1 min, p  <  0.05) was longer in the existing test, but HRmax (existing 166±18 b.min–1 vs. proposed 167±15 b.min–1 , p  = 0.90), Lacmax (existing 11±4 mmol.L–1 vs. proposed 11±4 mmol.L–1 , p  = 0.90) did not differ. RPE6 - 20 did not differ between groups for water or land. CONCLUSIONS: The historical land-based physical tests for paramedics differed from the proposed tests, however the water-based tests had similar duration and physiological demands. Use of tests not developed via established scientific methodologies risks eliminating candidates suitable to work in the role, or including candidates that are not. Show more

Keywords: Fitness, ergonomics, work, specialist, strenuous, task

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230582

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1333-1341, 2024

Authors: Lindberg, Monika | Larsson-Lund, Maria | Berg Jansson, Anna | Ranner, Maria

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Digital work poses cognitive demands on all employees, but the impact is greater for employees with cognitive impairments. Digitalization also has significant implications for employer representatives as they are responsible for the work environment. However, knowledge is scarce concerning employer representatives’ perspectives on identifying needs and support for employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital work environment. OBJECTIVE: To describe employer representatives’ experiences of work environment management with focus on employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital environment. METHODS: Focus group methodology was used. Six employer representatives with work environment responsibilities participated. …RESULTS: One overall theme “Mastering the interconnected processes in a transformative digital work environment ” as well as three themes “Facilitating good digital work conditions ”, “Identifying needs and difficulties in work tasks among employees ’ with cognitive impairments ” and “Pursuing knowledge and collaborations to support employees with cognitive impairments ” with subthemes were identified. The themes describe employer representatives’ challenges and efforts to identify fluctuating needs in employees with cognitive impairments and, also, to organize and reduce cognitive demands in the work environment to support them. CONCLUSIONS: Managing the challenges of an evolving digital work environment and matching individual work ability of employees with cognitive impairments in relation to cognitive demands is an ongoing process. The participants valued cooperation with employees with cognitive impairments but lacked support from expertise. The need to develop and implement a functioning support system for vocational rehabilitation to ensure a sustainable work in digital work environments is indicated. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, human resources, managers, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, stroke, sustainable work, vocational rehabilitation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230690

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1343-1356, 2024

Authors: Askaripoor, Taleb | Siadat, Morteza | Saleh, Elahe | Aghaei, Hamed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents remain a critical challenge for healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, using the Bayesian network (BN) approach association among resilience, job satisfaction, stress, and occupational accidents among healthcare professionals is examined. METHODS: Data was gathered using several valid questionnaires. The BN approach was utilized to analyze the r5/31/2024ionships between the variables of the current study. The performance of BN analysis was evaluated using related indexes. RESULTS: In total, 300 healthcare professionals participated in this study. Results showed that almost 23% of healthcare professionals had experienced occupational accidents. Results of the …sensitivity analysis demonstrated that job satisfaction had the most significant influence on occupational accidents in healthcare settings. The belief updating analysis results showed that by increasing job satisfaction and decreasing stress of healthcare professionals the occurrence of occupational accidents decreased 9.8% and 6.4%, respectively. Moreover, decreasing the stress of healthcare professionals can lead to an increase in the level of job satisfaction. Evaluation indexes showed that the performance of the developed BN was acceptable (error rate: 16.09). CONCLUSION: The Findings reveal that both job satisfaction and stress had a significant influence on occupational accidents in healthcare professionals. Moreover, by influencing job satisfaction and stress, resilience can indirectly affect occupational accidents. Show more

Keywords: Resilience, job satisfaction, accidents, Bayes theorem, hospitals, occupational stress

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240178

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1357-1367, 2024

Authors: Yigit, Sedat | Ağar, Ali | Berşe, Soner

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of ergonomics in health services is attracting significant attention in the scientific community. There is a need for an integrated study presenting a summary of the published literature backed by detailed bibliometric characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the published literature supported by detailed bibliometric properties. METHODS: Within the scope of this study, a total of 3008 articles on ergonomics in the health field were reviewed and analyzed using a bibliometric method. RESULTS: It reveals the trends of the publications conducted between 1999–2023, and …defines the common citation structure between the articles, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrences. This study presents a knowledge map of ergonomics studies conducted in the health field using a bibliometric analysis method. CONCLUSION: The research results provide comprehensive information to the relevant literature, and define global research focuses and future scopes. This serves as a guide for academics to understand developments in the field of ergonomics and health more easily and quickly. Show more

Keywords: VOSviewer, content analysis, web of science, health sciences, publication analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230367

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1369-1378, 2024

Authors: Siddiqui, Maria Khadija | Taqi, Muhamamd | Yaqoob, Rabeea | Aslam, Amjad Muhammad | Razak, Huzaafa Shahid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has affected millions of people around the world since its first case in 2019. In this pandemic, health professionals have been among the most vulnerable groups to contracting the virus or spreading it to others; therefore, their appropriate response in line with health and safety is crucial and needs to be addressed. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated health professionals’ behaviors and attitudes toward COVID-19. This includes testing, vaccination, history of infection, and fear of infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals practicing in Sindh, Pakistan. A sample size of 400 was considered …for the present study, including dentists and medical doctors practicing in Sindh’s healthcare setups. RESULTS: According to the results, the response rate was 95.50%. 73.04% of participating health professionals reported a history of COVID-19 infection. The highest levels of fear and anxiety of getting infected with new COVID-19 variants were derived among junior medical professionals (RMOs). 98.69% of health professionals were reported to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 virus. 3% of participating health professionals revealed that they do not believe in testing. CONCLUSIONS: Although fear and anxiety towards new emerging COVID-19 variants were largely prevalent, negligible reluctance toward vaccination among health professionals of Sindh was reported in the study. More studies are required from other parts of Pakistan to address health professionals’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to aid health policymakers in establishing precise SOPs for health professionals, and to manage COVID-19-related negative psychological and corporal effects on them. Show more

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 variants, anxiety, fear, vaccination

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230130

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1379-1389, 2024

Authors: Granberg, Sarah | Widén, Stephen | Gustafsson, Johanna

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Persons with hearing loss (HL) are a vulnerable group in working life. Studies have shown that they are more likely than the general population to be in part-time work, to be unemployed, receive disability pension, and to be on sick leave. Many workers with HL also experience unhealthy work conditions, such as jobs where they experience high demands combined with low control as well as safety concerns and social isolation. There is a lack of studies that focus on factors that promote a healthy, sustainable work situation for the target group. OBJECTIVE: To investigate health factors that …contribute to a sustainable work situation for employees with HL. METHODS: The current study was a comparative, observational study with a cross-sectional design including a clinical population of adults with HL. Comparisons were made between workers with HL “in work” and workers with HL on “HL-related sick leave”. RESULTS: Seven health factors were identified. Those “in work” experienced a healthier work environment as well as lower levels of mental strain, hearing-related work characteristics and content, cognitively demanding work content, hearing-related symptoms, energy-demanding activities, and bodily aches and pain than those on “HL-related sick leave”. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a clear pattern regarding health factors for a sustainable working life. The type of job was not related to whether an individual was on sick leave or working. Rather, the work climate and the content of the work mattered. Show more

Keywords: Hearing loss, working conditions, workplace, health, occupational health, salutogenesis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230377

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1391-1406, 2024

Authors: Hurenko, Olha | Suchikova, Yana | Kravchenko, Natalya | Nesterenko, Maryna | Petryk, Kristina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the existing global experience of university and labor market partnerships concerning the employment of youth with disabilities. It was found that current cooperation models are implemented locally, in a fragmented manner, and are limited to interactions between universities and large enterprises. OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to explore the current state of meeting the needs of students with disabilities in terms of providing educational services and employment opportunities and to analyze the interaction between universities, municipalities, and the labor market to improve employment opportunities for young people with disabilities. METHODS: The study considered …a survey of three target groups from different regions of Ukraine (105 students with disabilities, 321 university faculty members, and 102 enterprise managers) conducted to study the current state of needs satisfaction in providing educational services and employing people with disabilities. RESULTS: The findings indicated a lack of coordination among stakeholders, an absence of systematization, and organization in addressing the issue of improving the employment of youth with disabilities. The research enabled the identification of existing and desired connections between the subjects of social partnership. A social partnership model between universities, municipalities, and the labor market was developed to improve the employment of youth with disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study results are promising, as implementing the social partnership model will broadly impact society. Show more

Keywords: People with disabilities, employment, social inclusion, social interaction, partnership practice, professional education, workplace environment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230351

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1407-1423, 2024

Authors: Honkonen, Niina | Lamminpää, Anne | Liira, Juha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work ability meetings (WAM) are an essential and common tool of disability management in occupational health services in Finland. Meetings are held between an employee, a supervisor, and an occupational physician (OP). The aim is mainly to support work ability. OBJECTIVES: To describe challenges and resolutions in the meetings as described by OPs. METHODS: An internet survey was emailed to the members (n  = 1304) of the Finnish Society of Occupational Health Physicians in August 2014. We asked physicians to describe those WAMs they had attended, especially challenges and resolutions concerning WAM. RESULTS: A …total of 302 (23%) OPs responded to the survey. Most severe of the challenges were personal conflicts and a lack of confidence between the parties at the workplace. Also, the participants’ views may differ about the purpose and goal of the meeting. The respondents noted that the employer might be unable to organize modified work for disabled employees. As a resolution, OPs need to prepare well and maintain their professional and neutral role in WAMs in all cases. OPs also mentioned the need for training in insurance medicine and rehabilitation as well as skills as a mediator. CONCLUSIONS: WAM is a potential tool for return to work and disability management in collaboration between employees, employers, and occupational health when all the participants reach a common goal and become aware of their role in the process. OPs need to recognize possible conflicting interests and contact each party before WAM. Keeping confidentiality in WAMs is a crucial matter. Show more

Keywords: Cooperation within the workplace, occupational health, communication, return to work, supervisor, negotiation

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230331

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1425-1432, 2024

Authors: Dinelli, Emily J. | Crown, Deborah | Kudla, Angelika | Capraro, Pamela | Sheth, Manasi | Trierweiler, Robert | Munsell, Elizabeth | Heinemann, Allen W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Employment has long been an area of concern for people with disabilities. National samples in the United States are needed to understand the experiences of people with disabilities related to employment. OBJECTIVES: (1) Describe and evaluate associations between personal and health-related factors with employment after disability, and (2) describe and evaluate associations between facilitators, barriers, and work-related external factors with maintaining a longest held job after disability. METHODS: We recruited a national sample of people with physical disabilities from panels assembled by a United States market research organization; by selection, 1309 were working and 491 …were not. We evaluated the likelihood of employment and maintaining employment after disability onset using Poisson regression. Model 1 evaluated factors associated with employment; Model 2 evaluated factors associated with maintained employment. RESULTS: Model 1: Older age, decreased ability to pay bills on time, and assistive device use were associated with decreased likelihood of employment after disability onset. Non-Black minority identification, fatigue, and higher physical function were associated with increased likelihood of employment. For Model 2, the likelihood of maintaining a longest held job was associated with acquiring a disability at work, receipt of job accommodations, valuing opportunities for advancement and health benefits, having a helpful living situation, and helpful human resource attitudes. Decreased likelihood of maintaining a longest held job after disability onset was associated with job dissatisfaction and supervisors’ attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights opportunities for employers to focus efforts on job accommodations and support in the maintenance of employment after disability. Show more

Keywords: Vocational rehabilitation, job security, social inequity, disabled persons, return to work, employment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240087

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1433-1450, 2024

Authors: Matsuda, Yuko | Hamada, Shoko

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Japan has a shortage of childcare personnel, and the high levels of stress causing turnover in childcare workers must be urgently resolved. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics and influencing factors of job stress in Japanese childcare workers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the job stress of childcare workers and explore the influence of demographic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on such stress. METHODS: The data were collected through an Internet survey from 2,472 respondents. A 23-item version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to measure occupational stress …in childcare workers. The instrument is recommended in the stress-check program implemented as a mental health measure in workplaces in Japan. RESULTS: The percentage of childcare workers with high stress exceeded that of general workers. Multiple regression analyses showed that the only factor affecting all job stressors and social support was the fear of contracting COVID-19. Job stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant large effect on stress responses. Additionally, being married and having children moderated childcare workers’ stress. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided basic data regarding job stress in Japanese childcare workers and compared them with those of other professionals. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify how stress is related to turnover intention and turnover in Japanese childcare workers to promote their career continuity. Show more

Keywords: Childcare, occupational groups, East Asian people, working conditions, occupational stress, demography, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230658

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1451-1464, 2024

Authors: Eusufzai, Sumaiya Zabin | Then, Bernard Ying Kang | Jamayet, Nafij Bin | Maqbool, Manahil | Noorani, Tahir Yusuf | Ahmad, Wan Muhamad Amir W | Alam, Mohammad Khursheed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a temporary airflow obstruction during periods of sleep. Patients with OSA often suffer from poor work performance, compromised sleep quality, and low quality of life which may lead to a life-threatening event. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward OSA among medical and dental practitioners are crucial to the initial diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the differences in knowledge and attitude toward OSA between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed from February 2020 to February 2021. …A total of fifty-two medical practitioners and fifty-two dental practitioners working at university-based outpatient clinics, government health clinics, and oral health clinics located in Kelantan State of Malaysia participated in the study, and data were collected by the structured questionnaire including sociodemographic inquiry and OSAKA questionnaire by non-probability stratified random sampling. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 34.6 years. The current study shows that 92.3% of medical doctors and 96.1% of dental doctors were able to correctly answer the question “Most of the patients with OSA snore” a significant finding in our study. Only 1% of medical professionals could answer seventeen questions correctly with a median score of 11, and only 1% of dental professionals could answer sixteen questions correctly with a median score of 9. None of them could provide an accurate answer to all the knowledge questions. Medical and dental practitioners exhibited different knowledge levels on OSA (z- statistics=–4.39, U  = 827.00 with p  <  0.05, and effect size, r  = 0.61). However, no significant differences were found in total knowledge score by gender (p -value>0.05), ethnicity (p -value>0.05), total service years (p -value>0.05), and training attended. In addition, significant differences in attitude levels between medical and dental practitioners have been observed (z-statistics=–3.42, U  = 725.00 with p  <  0.05, and effect size, r  = 0.47). Nevertheless, no significant differences have been seen in total attitude score by ethnicity (p -value >  0.05), total service years (p -value >  0.05), attending training on OSA (p -value >  0.05), and professional status (p -value >  0.05) except gender (p -value <  0.05). CONCLUSION: A Significant difference is evident concerning knowledge and attitude toward OSA diagnosis and management between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Medical practitioners in this study recorded a higher knowledge and attitude score compared to dental practitioners. Show more

Keywords: Sleep apnea, sleep-disordered breathing, continuous positive airway pressure, temporomandibular disorders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220174

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1465-1475, 2024

Authors: Albakri, Uthman | Smeets, Nick | Drotos, Elizabeth | Kant, IJmert | Gabrio, Andrea | Meertens, Ree

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Shift work affects the mental and physical health of nurses, yet the effect of working irregular shifts on sleep and its association with the need for recovery is under-explored. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working irregular shifts, including night shifts, and to determine whether sleep quality is associated with the need for recovery. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 405 nurses working irregular shifts. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, the Sleep-Wake Experience List, sleep problems, sleep duration, and the Need for …Recovery scale. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t -tests, logistic and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: Nurses who worked irregular shifts had poor sleep quality. Those who also worked night shifts, had significantly poorer sleep quality and experienced more difficulties in daily functioning than those who did not work night shifts. Sleep quality was significantly associated with the need for recovery and this remained so after controlling for confounding variables (β = .554, p  = .001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that in nurses who work irregular shifts, the sleep quality is low. In this group, the sleep quality in nurses who work night shifts is lower than in nurses who do not work night shifts. Furthermore, better sleep quality was associated with lower need for recovery. These findings suggest that improving sleep quality in nurses working irregular shifts may lower their need for recovery, which may improve health, and reduce burnout and sickness absence. Show more

Keywords: Nurses, hospitals, shift work schedule, circadian rhythm, sleep, fatigue, burnout, need for recovery.

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230500

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1477-1490, 2024

Authors: Tunç, Ahmet | Yağar, Sema Dökme | Gerçek, Emine | Yağar, Fedayi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adopting an effective leadership style is of critical importance in increasing healthcare efficiency and therefore determining patient satisfaction. For example, although there are many new and effective leadership types today, the paternalistic leadership approach can still play an effective role in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of paternalistic leadership in the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress. METHODS: A total of 466 healthcare workers completed measures of perceived paternalistic leadership, job stress, and job satisfaction. The research was conducted in the center of Gaziantep, one …of the largest cities in Turkey. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results. RESULTS: A negative relationship was found between job satisfaction and job stress. Additionally, it has been determined that the perception of paternalistic leadership has a moderating role. It has been observed that as the perception of paternalistic leadership increases, the negative relationship between job satisfaction and job stress decreases. CONCLUSION: It has been concluded that the paternalistic leadership approach can play a critical role in increasing the productivity of healthcare workers and reducing the negative effect of stress on satisfaction. It has been suggested that policies be developed to develop appropriate strategies for creating work environments that will increase employees’ perceptions of paternalistic leadership. Show more

Keywords: Effective leadership, mental health, work environment, health workers, hospitals, Turkey

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240026

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1491-1499, 2024

Authors: Asadollahi, Fatemeh | Kouhnavard, Bahram | Daneshmandi, Hadi | Dehghan, Habibollah | Fararouei, Mohammad | Zamanian, Zahra

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses are among high-risk occupational groups during the outbreak of epidemics. Therefore, these people are required to use personal protective equipment (PPE). Previous studies have shown that the use of personal protective equipment can affect people’s thermal strain and mental workload. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted with the aim of objectively and subjectively evaluating the use of protective clothing on the thermal strain and mental workload of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was divided into two groups with a sample size of 300 people who were selected by systematic random …method. In the first group, 120 people were objectively evaluated (use of protective clothing). In the second group, 180 people only completed the questionnaire of mental workload, feeling of heat and sweating and other information related to the type of clothing and the duration of its use, etc. Measurements were done in August and September of 2021 and in the morning shift of hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software and chi-square, independent T -test and linear regression tests. RESULTS: The average age and average working hours per month of the participants in the study were 33.51±7.88 years, 187.91±35.37 hours, respectively. The results showed that the predicted average vote (PMV) index and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), moisture felt on the skin surface, the feeling of desirability and pleasantness of the temperature, the weight of sweat and the humidity inside the clothes between the two groups of people using insulated clothes There is a significant difference between medicine and dressing (P  < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between mental workload and type of clothing, average working hours per month. CONCLUSIONS: The use of medical isolation clothes causes a high heat load on nurses and can increase their mental workload. On the other hand, people using normal gowns suffer from a high mental workload due to the fear of disease due to the uncertainty of high-level protection. In addition, medical isolation clothes increase the humidity of the skin due to their impermeability, which causes skin complications. Show more

Keywords: Nurses, medical isolation clothes, mental workload, heat strain, heat stress, physiological strain

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230396

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1501-1516, 2024

Authors: Reynders, Sydney S. | Lombardo, Angela M. | Davidson, Emily J. | Guan, Jennifer L. | Pawlowski, Katherine G. | Simons, Nathan Z. | Baumer, Nicole T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adults with intellectual disabilities have high rates of unemployment and underemployment. Despite benefits to employers and employees, some groups may be hesitant to implement inclusive employment programs due to lack of knowledge, absence of well-defined strategies, and limited exposure to successful examples. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, the Down Syndrome Program (DSP) in a New England tertiary pediatric hospital established an inclusive employment program that supports and trains young adults with Down syndrome in the development of foundational job skills within a hospital-based clinic. METHODS: This case study examines strategies and lessons learned from the …employment program’s implementation and evolution. RESULTS: Successful implementation required iterative, tailored approaches to meet diverse needs. CONCLUSION: The DSP developed a framework and collection of best practices for other organizations to adopt for successful employment of individuals with disabilities under an inclusive employment model. Show more

Keywords: Intellectual disability, developmental disabilities, healthcare, work, mentoring, supported employment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240080

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1517-1523, 2024

Authors: Bianchi, Renzo | Swingler, Gail | Schonfeld, Irvin Sam

Article Type: Article Commentary

Abstract: For decades, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been regarded as the “gold standard” for the assessment of burnout. The present paper demonstrates that the MBI fails to measure the construct it is purported to measure. On a deeper level, the problems affecting the MBI question the very idea of burnout. These problems may be unsurprising in light of the genesis of the burnout construct. Burnout emerged in the mid-1970s as a largely predefined entity. Burnout’s definition was not predicated on robust empirical investigations or sound theorizing, nor was it anchored in a systematic review of the literature on stress …and health. Interestingly, other measures deemed to assess burnout, such as the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, similarly fail to measure what they are claimed to measure. Despite far-reaching implications for our ability to study and promote occupational health, the flaws that undermine the conceptualization and measurement of burnout remain widely underappreciated. We hope this paper will help raise awareness of these flaws and correct current practices in research on job-related distress. Alternatives to burnout do exist and may enable us to support our workforce more effectively. Show more

Keywords: Burnout, construct validity, diagnosis, job stress, measurement, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240095

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1525-1527, 2024

Authors: Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza | Anastasio, Albert T. | Tamrin, Shamsul Bahri Mohd | Shariat, Ardalan

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246019

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1529-1530, 2024

Authors: Davenport, Todd E. | Lee, Alan C. | Raja, Bhavana | Stark, Matthew L. | Reed, Christopher | Magnusson, Dawn M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telehealth is becoming more prevalent in physical therapy, involving a whole host of clinical services. These services are often provided without structured training in telehealth, and no formal curricula currently exist for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of educational competencies (ECs) to guide instruction of telehealth-related skills in entry-level programs (i.e., Doctor of Physical Therapy), existing programs (i.e., residencies and fellowships), and potential future post-graduate programs specific to telehealth physical therapy. METHODS: Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants from diverse geographic locations and practice areas were invited to participate on …an expert panel. A modified Delphi process was then used to evaluate the acceptability of draft ECs gathered from the extant literature by a steering group. Draft ECs were presented to the expert panel on a questionnaire, which asked expert participants to rate each draft EC according to applicability and clarity. Draft ECs were accepted if they met a priori established criteria for acceptability and clarity. Unendorsed ECs were revised by the steering group according to open-ended comments from respondents and presented during a subsequent round. Three rounds of surveys were undertaken. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants formed the expert panel; 38 participants completed the Round 1 survey, 28 participants completed the Round 2 survey, and 24 participants completed the Round 3 survey. Delphi group members approved 48 ECs in the first round, 23 ECs in the second round, and 2 ECs in the third round. There were 4 ECs that remained unendorsed after the modified Delphi process. Endorsed ECs spanned 7 conceptual areas. Distinct sets of ECs characterized expected end points of first professional degree, existing residency and fellowship, and potential future telehealth physical therapy post-graduate program. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based ECs identified in this study may guide instruction in knowledge and skills relevant to physical therapy telehealth. Show more

Keywords: Mobile health, virtual medicine, ehealth, telecare, competency based education, education, delphi study, consensus development

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230618

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1531-1549, 2024

Authors: Wu, Kevin A. | Anastasio, Albert T. | Kim, Joshua K. | Choudhury, Ankit | Adams, Samuel B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused notable shifts in healthcare behavior, influenced by remote work policies. This study examines the impact of Work from Home (WFH) policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries, utilizing Google search trends. Understanding these trends is crucial for healthcare providers, enabling them to adapt services and communication to evolving patient needs during challenging times. OBJECTIVE: To comprehend variations in search volume and trends for ankle-related queries due to WFH policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Ankle-related terms accessible to laypersons were analyzed using Google Trends data from March 2018 to March …2022 in the United States. Data were divided into pre-pandemic (March 2018-March 2020) and post-pandemic (March 2020-March 2022) periods. Weekly search interest data for 20 terms were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test. The study aimed to identify significant changes in search interest, providing insights into public information-seeking behavior concerning ankle surgeries. RESULTS: Among the 20 terms analyzed, 11 exhibited significant changes. Ankle arthritis and ankle bursitis showed increased interest, suggesting heightened concern during the pandemic. Conversely, post-pandemic interest decreased for terms 9 terms, including ankle pain and ankle tendonitis, indicating reduced worry. Moderate declines were noted for ankle gout, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis, reflecting shifting patient priorities. Some terms, including ankle fracture and ankle arthroplasty, showed stable information-seeking behavior despite the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the nuanced impact of WFH policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries. Varied search trends highlight changing patient concerns. Healthcare providers can use these insights to tailor services effectively, meeting evolving patient needs and enhancing communication strategies. Show more

Keywords: Orthopaedic, ankle surgery, work from home, pandemic, COVID-19, telemedicine

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230621

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1551-1556, 2024

Authors: Purushothaman, Vinosh Kumar | Ramalingam, Vinodhkumar | Subbarayalu, Arun Vijay | Raman, Vinoth | Prabaharan, Sivasankar | Subramaniam, Ambusam | Vijayakumar, Selvakumary | Krishnan Vasanthi, Rajkumar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The global implementation of full-time telework became widespread during the new normal conditions following the pandemic, resulting in reduced physical activity (PA) among teleworkers and young adults. It is vital to comprehend how telehealth interventions favorably impact PA levels and overall well-being of young adults who face increasingly blurred boundaries between work and home life. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of telerehabilitation (TR) on PA levels and quality of life (QoL) in young adult teleworkers. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 82 teleworkers (54 females and 28 males). …Levels of PA and QoL were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL-14) questionnaire. TR was provided to all participants for four weeks, three times a week, for 40 minutes per session. Levels of PA and QoL were evaluated at baseline and after four weeks of the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: After four weeks of TR, there has been a significant improvement in the scores of IPAQ and HRQOL-14 (p  < 0.05). In regards to IPAQ-SF results, TR had a significant effect on the sitting or sedentary behavior of the teleworkers. CONCLUSION: The results showed that a short-term TR intervention improved both the level of PA and QoL in young adult teleworkers. Therefore, TR may be an effective treatment approach to improve PA and QoL and promote a healthy lifestyle in teleworkers. Show more

Keywords: Tele commuter, remote rehabilitation, exercise, healthy lifestyle, health risk, public health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230745

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1557-1565, 2024

Authors: Gustavson, Allison M. | Rauzi, Michelle R. | Rasmussen, Alana | Raja, Bhavana | Kim, June | Davenport, Todd E.

Article Type: Article Commentary

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telerehabilitation, or the delivery of rehabilitation services through telehealth platforms, has existed since the late 1990 s. Telerehabilitation was characterized by unprecedented, exponential growth at the beginning of the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical systems sought to reduce the likelihood of disease transmission by using telerehabilitation to limit physical proximity during routine care. This dramatic change in how medical care was delivered forced many professions to adapt processes and practices. Following the change, debates sparked regarding the best path to move forward for the betterment of patients, clinicians, systems, and society. Long COVID has emerged as a complex chronic health …condition arising from COVID-19. The unique needs and dynamic disease process of Long COVID has incentivized medical systems to create equitable ways for patients to safely access interdisciplinary care. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this commentary is to describe what medical systems must consider when deploying high-quality telerehabilitation to deliver rehabilitation through asynchronous (e.g., text, portal) and synchronous modalities (e.g., phone or video). We highlight lessons learned to help guide decision-makers on key actions to support their patients and clinicians. METHODS: Not applicable. RESULTS: Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS: Key action steps from our lessons learned may be used to address complex chronic health conditions such as Long COVID and prepare for future challenges that may disrupt medical systems. Show more

Keywords: Telehealth, virtual care, rehabilitation, post-COVID conditions, care delivery, chronic disease

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230731

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1567-1571, 2024

Authors: Moghadam, Zahra Behboodi | Bahramnezhad, Fatemeh

Article Type: Letter

Keywords: Stroke, pregnant women, telehealth, rehabilitation, prevention, telemedicine

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230586

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1573-1576, 2024

Authors: Karaibrahimoglu, Adnan | İnce, Fuat | Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza | Alizadeh, Ali | Bagheri, Kian | Yucel, Irem | Shariat, Ardalan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. The integration of AI and telehealth applications in healthcare raises ethical concerns such as bias, transparency, data privacy, and accountability for errors. Several studies have assessed this topic, particularly with regard to musculoskeletal disorders, which will be the focus of this manuscript. OBJECTIVE: We will examine key ethical concepts including informed consent, data protection, confidentiality, physician malpractice, liability, and telemedicine regulations. METHODS: Ethical issues pertaining to the topic were explored through a …review paper. The primary objective of this scoping review was to map and synthesize the existing literature concerning ethical considerations in telehealth and AI for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS: Research demonstrates that medication effectiveness, patient and physician satisfaction, and accessibility costs are higher with telemedicine and AI methods compared to in-person approaches, particularly for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, addressing ethical issues, including patient data privacy and security, is crucial in this field. By considering these factors, the adoption of emerging AI and telemedicine applications, especially for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, is likely to increase. CONCLUSION: AI and telemedicine offer significant advantages, particularly in addressing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, ethical and legal issues surrounding their practice require standardized rules to ensure equitable access, quality care, sustainable costs, professional liability, patient privacy, data protection, and confidentiality. Further practical research studies are needed to address these considerations more effectively. Show more

Keywords: Ethics, telehealth, digital health, telemedicine, musculoskeletal disease, artificial intelligence, mHealth

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240187

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1577-1588, 2024

Authors: Talaski, Grayson M. | Baumann, Anthony N. | Kermanshahi, Nazanin | Walley, Kempland C. | Anastasio, Albert T. | de Cesar Netto, Cesar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telemedicine has seen increasing adoption in healthcare over the past two decades, with proven clinical efficacy in several medical specialties. Orthopedics surgery has shown potential benefits from telemedicine implementation. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the impact of telemedicine on clinical outcomes and patient and physician preferences in foot and ankle orthopedics, providing insight into the potential role of telemedicine within this subspecialty. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for relevant articles on telemedicine in foot and ankle orthopedics. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles on telemedicine use and foot and ankle orthopedic care. Data included patient demographics, …reasons for visits, duration of telemedicine, and outcomes. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, and a narrative approach to describe outcomes. RESULTS: Out of 218 articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 1,535 patients. Telemedicine visits were used for follow-up care, opinion consultations, monitoring, postoperative care, and treatment of various orthopedic conditions. Clinical outcomes demonstrated equivalence to in-person care. Patients expressed satisfaction with telemedicine but preferred in-person visits for future appointments. Physicians held neutral attitudes towards telemedicine, with concerns about the lack of physical examination. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the benefits of telemedicine in foot and ankle orthopedics. Telemedicine provides an alternative to in-person visits, improving patient access to care and offering cost and time savings. However, patient and physician preferences for in-person visits suggest a need to address concerns related to physical examination limitations. Telemedicine can supplement traditional care, but further research is required to explore its applicability in new patient consultations and optimize physician engagement. Show more

Keywords: Telemedicine, foot and ankle orthopaedic surgery, systematic review, virtual orthopaedic visit

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230529

Citation: Work, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 1589-1600, 2024