Work - Volume 78, issue 2

Authors: Jacobs, Karen

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246011

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 217-217, 2024

Authors: Manno, Christine M. | Glade, Rachel | Koch, Lynn C. | Simon, Lauren S. | Rumrill, Phillip D. | Rosen, Christopher C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to overcome obstacles to entry and inclusion in the workplace, individuals with disabilities engage in various impression management strategies to present themselves as the socially acceptable ‘ideal employee.’ OBJECTIVE: This study expands on previous disclosure research by asking individuals with disabilities to share their experiences of identity management and workplace challenges. METHODS: We leveraged qualitative research techniques to explore the reciprocal impact of workplace treatment and disclosure. RESULTS: Impression management emerged as an especially salient aspect of participants’ disclosure decisions, and participants used an array of impression management tactics. Some employees …with disabilities described positive experiences; however, we also learned that impression management can present unique challenges that may outweigh potential benefits. CONCLUSION: Our findings affirm that managing the image we project can be remarkably complicated and effortful when having a disability. This paper concludes with implementation recommendations for vocational rehabilitation counselors and human resource practitioners. Show more

Keywords: Disability, impression management, employment, vocational rehabilitation, human resource management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246007

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 219-233, 2024

Authors: Rajak, Binod | Reddy, K. Vidyullatha | Singh, Punam | Kumar, Vimal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress is a pivotal aspect of organizational psychology. Although an individual’s attitude and behaviour at work have received greater investigation, scant attention has been given to family-related dynamics and their impact on work. OBJECTIVE: This study contributes to understanding work-family dynamics by investigating the connection between family incivility and job dissatisfaction during the pandemic. Based on the conservation of resources theory, the research explores the potential moderating role of perceived organizational support. METHODS: The investigation uses structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis while controlling for age, gender, and experience. Data has been collected with …an adapted scale and time-lag technique in which the first wave encompassed independent variables and demographics. The second wave gathered moderator and dependent variables through a non-probability sampling of IT employees. RESULTS: Findings reveal a significant positive link between family incivility and job dissatisfaction, implying higher family incivility is linked to increased job dissatisfaction. Moreover, the study indicates that organizational support can mitigate the negative impact of family incivility on job dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION: This research underscores the pivotal role of organizational support in enhancing employee job outcomes. Hence, organizations should prioritize employee well-being, recognizing it as an integral aspect of their functioning. Show more

Keywords: Family incivility, job dissatisfaction, perceived organisational support, moderation, and time-lag methods

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220690

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 235-244, 2024

Authors: Trivedi, Bansi | Pandya, Shailen | Modi, Meet | Lalwani, Nisha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has put health care systems of many countries under major stress. Due to its high transmission capacity, it has spread across the globe at a rampant pace. India is one of the countries which has been severely affected by COVID-19. It has posed onerous tasks in front of doctors. Along with it, it has left physical, social and mental implications on well-being of doctors. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to get an in-depth understanding about the implications of COVID-19 on physical, social and mental aspects of resident doctors in tertiary care hospital. …METHOD: We performed a qualitative study which involved in-depth interviews of resident doctors who have worked during the COVID-19 pandemic from general medicine department of tertiary care hospital. Interviews were then manually transcribed and analyzed. RESULT: Data analysis by preparing transcript unveiled that doctors were constantly facing burnout and mental distress along with less social support. Our study also found that there was a shortage of resources and demonstrated poor doctor patient ratio which led to a decrease in efficiency of doctors. Our findings are not only confined to doctors facing burden but has also explored sanguine perceptions of resident doctors. CONCLUSION: While treating COVID-19 patients, resident doctors suffered a great setback. Providing them with mental aid, social support, ample resources and decreasing their work burden is recommended to effectively manage future pandemic. Show more

Keywords: Coronavirus disease, general medicine department, physician burnout, stress, work environment, hospital management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230138

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 245-256, 2024

Authors: Yilmaz Gokmen, Gulhan | Kecelioglu, Sule

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the whole world and various isolation measures were applied during this period. One of the groups that were physically and mentally affected by this period was students. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity (PA) level, attitudes and behaviors related to PA, smoking, perceived stress, and fatigue of university students one-year after the declaration of the pandemic. METHODS: A total of 102 students (79F/23M, 20.68±1.81 years) who were evaluated face to face with International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ), …Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Turkish Checklist Individual Strength (CIS-T) Questionnaire before the declaration of the pandemic, were evaluated online with the same questionnaires one-year after the declaration of the pandemic. RESULTS: Although there was no difference in terms of other variables, there was a statistically significant difference in the CBPAQ outcome expectation subscale (p  = 0.04). The Δ PSS and Δ CIS-T total had a statistically significant effect on the Δ CBPAQ total (p  = 0.003 and p  = 0.007), Δ PSS and Δ CIS-T total were independent predictors of Δ CBPAQ total (Δ : before-one year after the declaration of the pandemic) CONCLUSION: University students had positive attitudes and behaviors related to PA and they increased their PA levels, although not significantly, compared to before the declaration of the pandemic. Perceived stress and fatigue may have an effect on attitudes and behaviors related to PA and PA levels. It is thought that university students continue their routines despite the many limitations of the pandemic. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, mental health, pandemic, physical activity, smoking, student

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230154

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 257-266, 2024

Authors: Motoya, Ikuo | Tanabe, Shigeo | Hirakawa, Yuichi | Iwai, Masanobu | Takeda, Kazuya | Koyama, Soichiro | Kanada, Yoshikiyo | Kawamura, Nobutoshi | Kawamura, Mami | Sakurai, Hiroaki

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected physical and occupational therapist education in various ways. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether the pandemic changed clinical placement, thus influencing the clinical competence of physical and occupational therapists at a hospital in Japan. METHODS: Eleven therapists (seven physical and four occupational) participated in this study in April 2021. Clinical placement teaching methods were surveyed using an online questionnaire. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), comprising attitudinal and technical items, was used to examine clinical competence. The results were calculated as the sum of the attitudinal and technical scores, and the …ratios of these scores to the full score were compared using a paired-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: During the pandemic, some schools implemented shortened practical clinical placements. The substituted classes included online-only classes and combined online and face-to-face classes. Regarding clinical competence, scores on the OSCE were mostly high. The median proportion of the total attitudinal score to the perfect score was 100% for all three items (range-of-motion test, muscle strength test, Stroke Impairment Assessment Set). The median proportion of the total technical score to the perfect score ranged from 56.7% to 76.7% for the three items. The ratio of the total attitudinal score to the full score was significantly higher than that of the total technical score to the full score (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most clinical placements were canceled or partially administered through online learning during the pandemic. This decrease in clinical placements did not affect newly recruited physical and occupational therapists’ clinical competence. Show more

Keywords: Occupational therapy, physical therapy, continuing education, work, online learning, clinical practicum

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230167

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 267-277, 2024

Authors: Aktas, Filiz Ogce | Turhan Damar, Hale | Ozkul, Burcu | Voight, Patrick | Guckian Fisher, Mona | Elin, Michael | Sharma, Suresh K. | Bird, Sarah

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Operating room nurses (ORNs) who directly deal with the treatment and care of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic are at risk in terms of psychological stress and other mental health problems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the anxiety and depression levels of ORNs working in different countries in the COVID-19 outbreak, and to determine the predictors and the difference between countries. METHODS: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected online using a google form between February 2021-February 2022. The universe of the research is nurses who are members …of national Perioperative Nurses Association (USA, Türkiye, Australia, England, India, Israel) and 1127 ORNs participated the study. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of anxiety and depression status were examined by binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The rate of anxiety is 5.46 times higher in nurses in the USA, 5.07 times higher among nurses in Australia, and 4.49 times higher for nurses in England. It was determined that the rate of depression in ORNs working in Türkiye was 5.97 times higher. It was found that the rate of depression is 1.59 times higher in ORNs living away from the family after care of COVID-19 patient. CONCLUSION: Despite some differences between countries in terms of health system, patient potential, economic and the opportunities offered, generally high levels of anxiety and/or depression indicate that all ORNs need urgent support. Identifying risk factors will help recognize anxiety and depression in ORNs and take measures to protect their mental health during the pandemic. Show more

Keywords: Anxiety, depression, COVID-19, nurse, operating room nursing, pandemic

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230207

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 279-293, 2024

Authors: Nordenmark, Mikael | Vinberg, Stig

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed many employees away from their offices into their homes. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in early spring 2020, most countries recommended or required that employees work remotely from home to reduce the spread of infection at workplaces and during travel to and from these workplaces. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between working from home, work/life conflict and mental wellbeing in Europe during the pandemic. METHODS: The study was based on a large-scale, online survey that was conducted during the COVID-19 …pandemic three times, in 2020, 2021 and 2022, in 27 EU countries, and included 53 214 respondents that were employed at the time of the study. RESULTS: The results showed that working from home, work-to-life conflict and life-to-work conflict has increased and that mental wellbeing has decreased during the pandemic. Our regression analyses showed that the number of hours worked from home was negatively associated with work-to-life conflict and positively associated with life-to-work conflict. These results indicate that working from home can have both positive and negative consequences for employees’ work/life conflict. The regression results showed that hours worked from home, work-to-life conflict and life-to-work conflict were negatively associated with mental wellbeing. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider different work situations for different working life groupings when implementing work-from-home measures. Organizations must consider how work is supervised and help managers understand how to support employees to achieve work-life balance when working remotely. Show more

Keywords: Health, quantitative study, remote working, work environment, work-to-life conflict, life-to-work conflict

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230271

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 295-304, 2024

Authors: Zhou, Chunmin | Chen, Fengqiong | Wang, Jin | Jin, Nan | Li, Jinshan | Zheng, Bailiang | Ye, Mengliang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have extensively examined the factors contributing to the onset of occupational stress, burnout, and depression. However, the relationship between these variables is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between occupational stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms and to investigate the mediating effect of burnout between occupational stress and depressive symptoms in medical staff. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical staff in Chongqing, China. The Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory: General Survey (MBI-GS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the status of occupational stress, burnout, …and depressive symptoms, respectively. The bootstrapping analyses using SPSS PROCESS macros version 3 were conducted to examine mediating effects. RESULTS: The study conducted on medical staff in Chongqing revealed that the detection rates of occupational stress, occupational burnout, and depressive symptoms were 31.8%, 23.3%, and 30.3%, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that occupational stress and burnout accounted for 19.3% (p  < 0.001) and 18.8% (p  < 0.001) of the variance in depressive symptoms, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that occupational stress indirectly affected depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of occupational burnout, with a mediation effect value of 0.13 (bootstrap 95% CI: 0.116-0.144) and the mediation effect accounting for 44.8% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that occupational stress and burnout were predictors of depressive symptoms. Occupational stress had a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms via burnout. These results suggest that reducing occupational stress and burnout could be effective strategies for preventing depression among medical staff. Show more

Keywords: Depressive symptoms, occupational stress, occupational burnout, medical staff, mediating effects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230343

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 305-315, 2024

Authors: Ogedengbe, Tosin Omonye | Sukhai, Mahadeo | Wittich, Walter

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Background: The high rate of unemployment among individuals with vision impairment remains a pressing issue, even with the implementation of disability laws and coordinated effort to foster inclusive workplace. Employment integration challenges persist for people with vision impairment due to inaccessible job markets and workplaces. Objective: To create new knowledge from previous studies related to employment among people with vision impairment and to understand what has been explored and identify the gaps in employment integration. Method: A comprehensive search of six databases was conducted utilizing both index terms and keywords. The title and abstract of identified …studies were screened, followed by a full-text screening using pre-set criteria. Only available peer-reviewed studies with a focus on employment and vision impairment were included, irrespective of location and publication year. Result: Of 2264 studies screened, only 43 studies were eligible for review and data extraction. Using thematic analysis, 8 key themes emerged: social support, disability rights and service systems, transition strategies and challenges, career, employment integration, employment environment, adaptive potential, and employment sustainability. These studies considered the perspectives of people living with vision impairment, rehabilitation practice, and employers. Identified gaps include transition strategies, workplace participation, the perception of colleagues, and work evolution. Conclusion: The primary focus of studies was on the individual factors that impact workplace integration; work environment impact was not explored in depth. The need to examine the readiness of the work environment is also importance because environmental factors can be modified according to the functional needs of people with vision impairment. Show more

Keywords: Vision disorders, employment, rehabilitation, diversity, equity, inclusion, health services accessibility, quality of life

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230018

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 317-330, 2024

Authors: Haraldsson, Patrik | Nylander, Elisabeth | Jonker, Dirk | Ros, Axel | Josefsson, Kristina Areskoug

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational Health Service (OHS) is a service that should support employers and employees with their work environment. Previous research indicates the need for deeper knowledge about the effect of workplace interventions with a focus on planning, organizing and designing the workplace to improve work conditions in hospital settings. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the outcomes, workplace interventions and intervention strategies in hospital settings. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2021. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate …the quality of the included studies. Study results are presented through a narrative synthesis. A protocol for this study was registered on the Open Science Framework. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies, published between 2010 and 2021, were included. These included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and mixed methods reports with moderate to good quality. The results support the use of workplace interventions to improve work conditions, health, and well-being in hospital settings. Combinations of different interventions, tailored to the specific organization, were used. Important intervention strategies commonly used in the start-up, evaluation, and intervention of successful workplace interventions, were identified. Using a pragmatist complexity approach in workplace interventions can improve outcomes by providing clear intervention strategies and combinations of tailored interventions, related to context specific problems. CONCLUSION: OHS support in workplace interventions with clear intervention strategies will contribute to improve work conditions, health and well-being in hospital settings. Show more

Keywords: Health personnel, occupational health services, occupational health, health promotion, implementation science, working conditions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230205

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 331-348, 2024

Authors: Mucheru, Doreen | Kroll, Thilo | Paul, Gillian | Fahy, Majella | Dowling-Hetherington, Linda | Moloney, Breda | Dunne, Nikki | Jalal, Reuel | Fealy, Gerard | Lafferty, Attracta

Article Type: Letter

Keywords: Employment, informal or unpaid carers, caregivers, work-life balance, health; mental health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220665

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 349-353, 2024

Authors: Singh, Gajendra | Tewari, Virendra Kumar | Dubey, Arpan | Potdar, Rahul Rajaram

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Female agricultural workers contribute to 37% of the total agricultural workforce in India, however, most self-propelled machinery is designed for male agricultural workers. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to determine the impact of the ergo-refined operator’s workplace on various aspects of operator performance and comfort, including actuating force, posture, and physiological parameters. METHODS: Experiments were carried out in real field conditions using a full factorial randomized design. Twelve female operators participated in the study, and measurements were taken for control lever actuating force, operator posture, heart rate, and other relevant parameters. RESULTS: The …ergo-refined operator’s workplace intervention resulted in significant reductions in actuating force for various control levers, angles of joints, working heart rate (WHR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), muscle load, and whole-body vibration (WBV) acceleration. These reductions were observed under different operating conditions. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the ergo-refined operator’s workplace is effective in enhancing operator comfort and reducing physical strain during the operation of riding type self-propelled machines. It contributes to improved safety, comfort, and operational efficiency for operators working in field conditions. ANOVA and MANOVA analyses confirmed the positive impact of operating conditions and engine speed on the measured parameters when using the ergo-refined operator’s workplace. Show more

Keywords: Workplace, biophysical cost assessment, muscle fatigue, working heart rate, actuating force and whole body vibration

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220199

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 355-368, 2024

Authors: Miaary, Zuha | Kalichman, Leonid | Ezra, David | Moshe, Shlomo | Alperovitch-Najenson, Deborah

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical and psychosocial demands (e.g., serving, cleaning, fulfilling orders) can lead to work-related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP). OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of WRMSP in the upper quadrant and lower back among skilled male Arab waiters; to evaluate the disability related to WRMSP; to evaluate the association between work demands and WRMSP with related disability. METHODS: 100 skilled male Arab waiters working full-time, aged 18–60, participated in the cross-sectional study. Participants completed basic demographics and working conditions; the NDI; QuickDASH; the OswestryQ; workload, burnout, and job satisfaction at work; the adjusted NordicQ; and the TaskQ, compiled …especially for this study. RESULTS: A 12-month pain prevalence, pain frequency, and work avoidance were high: neck- 42%, 60.5%, 89.5%; shoulders –53%, 78.2%, 94.4%; elbows- 46%, 78.6%, 83.3%; lower back- 45%, 44%, 78.7%, respectively. Pain prevalence in at least one site was 83%. The OswestryQ, QuickDASH, and NDI revealed mild-moderate pain and disability (14.85/50, 25.54/75, 13.74/50, respectively). Burnout score was positively associated with OswestryQ, QuickDASH, and NDI. Job satisfaction was negatively associated with 12 months of pain in the lower back, hands, arms, shoulders, and hands (NordicQ). TaskQ was positively associated with OswestryQ. CONCLUSION: Male Arab waiters who work in physically and psychologically challenging conditions report high levels of WRMSP with a high frequency and related work avoidance. Many of them must keep their jobs as they are their families’ primary or sole providers. It is possible that they are trying to prevent more severe disabilities in the future by ensuring temporary rest and pain prevention. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal, pain, disability, ergonomics, risk factors, waiters

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220666

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 369-379, 2024

Authors: Tank, Nitishkumar D. | Rupani, Mihir P. | Shah, Rakshit B. | Shah, Immad A. | Dhatrak, Sarang V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mine workers face various health risks from occupational hazards, notably dust-related pulmonary dysfunction. This dysfunction is also attributed to diverse risk factors and health conditions. Despite the variety of underlying mechanisms, conflicting evidence persists regarding hypertension as a potential risk factor for such dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of pulmonary dysfunction vis-à-vis the hypertension status of mine workers. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 444 mine workers from ten open-cast mines in Gujarat state (western part of India) from November 2020 to February 2022. We collected data on demographics, occupation, addiction, and comorbidities, …including measurements like anthropometry, blood pressure, blood sugar, haemoglobin, and lipid levels. Hypertension was confirmed based on self-reported history and/or onsite blood pressure measurement, while pulmonary functions were assessed using a spirometer (expressed as forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 and forced vital capacity FVC). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictor of FEV1 or FVC vis-à-vis the hypertension status after adjusting for confounding variables. In addition, we assessed the effect of anti-hypertensive medications on pulmonary dysfunction. RESULTS: A total of 41% (95% CI: 36-45%) of mine workers were suffering from hypertension. On multiple linear regression, only being a male and work experience duration were the significant predictors of FEV1 [0.900 (0.475-1.092), p =<0.001; -0.029 (-0.034 - -0.021, p =<0.001] and FVC [1.088 (0.771-1.404), p =<0.001; -0.031 (-0.038 - -0.024, p  = 0.001] respectively. While unadjusted analysis indicated hypertension led to FEV1 and FVC reduction, this effect lost significance after adjusting for confounders. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis revealed those on antihypertensive medications had reductions in FEV1 and FVC by -0.263 (95% CI: -0.449 - -0.078, p  = 0.006) L and -0.271 (95% CI: -0.476 - -0.067, p  = 0.009) L respectively. CONCLUSION: In our study among mine workers, alterations in lung function (FEV1 and FVC) on spirometry were predicted by gender and duration of work experience, while hypertension did not serve as a predictor. It is noteworthy that antihypertensive drugs were found to reduce lung functions on spirometry, highlighting the need for further research. Show more

Keywords: Blood pressure, spirometry, antihypertensive agents, cross-sectional studies, miners, India

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220678

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 381-392, 2024

Authors: Değerli, Medine Nur Özata | Aydoner, Selen | Altuntaş, Onur | Bumin, Gonca

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has caused various effects, changing people’s lives and work styles. During this period, workplaces decided to work remotely, so people spent more time at home. Therefore, workers’ personal and work lives were negatively affected. OBJECTIVE: This study planned to compare traditional and remote office workers’ occupational balance and life satisfaction in Turkey during COVID-19. METHODS: Google Survey was used for data collection. Three hundred office workers (18–65 years old) from Turkey participated in the study. The occupational balance and life satisfaction levels of participants were assessed using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire …(QB-Quest) and Personal Well-being Index-Adult (PWI-A). RESULTS: Data collected were analyzed statistically by the Independent Sample t -test. It was found that the remote office workers had lower levels of occupational balance (p  = 0.02; r  = –3.317) and life satisfaction (p  = 0.01; r  = –2.199) compared to the traditional office workers. CONCLUSION: Remote office workers were found to have lower occupational balance and life satisfaction than traditional office workers. In this period, when the way of working changes like COVID-19, it is crucial to determine office workers’ occupational balance and life satisfaction and take precautions for their job performance and satisfaction. Show more

Keywords: Coronavirus, life satisfaction, occupational balance, occupational health, office worker, remote work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230078

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 393-398, 2024

Authors: Mosquera, Rodolfo | Pérez Vergara, Ileana G. | Contreras-Pacheco, Orlando E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector in developing countries have high rates of work absenteeism. The productivity of enterprises is heavily influenced by it. OBJECTIVE: To propose a model based on the Plan, Do, Check, and Act cycle and data mining for the prevention of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was administered on a total of 200 male technical workers in plumbing. It considers biological, biomechanical, chemical, and, physical risk factors. Three data mining algorithms were compared: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and …Decision Trees, classifying the occurrences occupational accident. The model was validated considering 20% of the data collected, maintaining the same proportion between accidents and non-accidents. The model was applied to data collected from the last 17 years of occupational accidents in the plumbing activity in a Colombian construction company. RESULTS: The results showed that, in 90.5% of the cases, the decision tree classifier (J48) correctly identified the possible cases of occupational accidents with the biological, chemical, and, biomechanical, risk factors training variables applied in the model. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are promising in that the model is efficient in predicting the occurrence of an occupational accident in the plumbing activity in the construction sector. For the accidents identified and the associated causes, a plan of measures to mitigate the risk of occupational accidents is proposed. Show more

Keywords: Machine learning, risk assessment, workplace safety, construction industry, accident reduction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230112

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 399-410, 2024

Authors: Ghahremani, Leila | Khademi, Khadijeh | Nazari, Mahin | Kaveh, Mohammad Hossein | Abbasi, Fariba

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the significant causes of disabilities and occupational injuries all over the world and can reduce the quality of life and job satisfaction. These disorders prevail among the office workers of the Iranian Oil Company, though research on the involved factors is limited. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the incidence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with job satisfaction among the office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. METHODS: The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 210 male office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. The prevalence …of musculoskeletal disorders and the rate of job satisfaction were measured by Nordic Musculoskeletal and Minnesota job Satisfaction Questionnaires, respectively. The relationship between the variables was analyzed by the SPSS 28 software. RESULTS: The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders among office workers in the past 12 months were associated with the neck, waist, and knee organs, with 45.70, 41, and 38.10 percentages. Smoking, second jobs, and physical injury histories were identified as three risk factors connected to musculoskeletal disorders (p  < 0.05). Forty-one percent of the participants were moderately satisfied with their jobs, and this number was significantly related to musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulders, elbows, back, waist, and knees (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that second jobs, smoking, and physical injury histories are three risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. Thus, it is imperative to identify at-risk office workers and train and encourage them to take preventive actions and employ ergonomic job equipment. Show more

Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, job satisfaction, nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230120

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 411-418, 2024

Authors: Malin, Maarit | Luukkonen, Ritva | Majuri, Minna | Lamminpää, Anne | Reijula, Kari

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoting health is an important part of occupational health (OH) professionals’ daily practice. Occupational health services (OHS) support work ability and prevent both work-related diseases and lifestyle-related illnesses. OBJECTIVE: We focused on how interprofessional collaboration (IPC), regardless of whether the OHS provider is public, private or in-house, influences the implementation of smoking cessation treatment and support (SCTS). We studied IPC of OH professionals in SCTS and whether they differ depending on OHS providers. METHODS: We collected data through an online survey of a cross-sectional sample of OH professionals of physicians (n  = 182), nurses (n  = 296) …and physiotherapists (n  = 96) at two different time-points, in 2013 and 2017. The questionnaire contained questions on interprofessional SCTS practices, so that we could assess how the professionals’ experiences differed from each other. We used explanatory factor analysis to study the collaboration, and the Kruskall–Wallis test to detect the differences between the OH professional groups as a post-hoc data analysis. Background: OH physicians (mean 3.4, SD 1.2) and OH nurses (mean 3.2, SD 1.1) experienced smooth collaboration in SCTS whereas OH physiotherapists (mean 2.5, SD 1.1) felt excluded from IPC. In-house OH centres (mean 3.5, SD 1.0) seemed to offer the best opportunities for implementing IPC in SCTS comparing to public (mean 3.1, SD 0.9) or private (mean 2.9, SD 0.9) OHS. CONCLUSION: The IPC of OH professionals in SCTS interventions need to be rearranged. This requires boundary-crossing SCTS practices involving all professionals. All OH professionals should implement IPC in SCTS and share their specific competence. Show more

Keywords: Smoking cessation, occupational health, interprofessional collaboration (IPC), prevention, lifestyle diseases

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230139

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 419-430, 2024

Authors: Türken, Askeri | Çapar, Haşim | Çakmak, Cuma | Kurt, Mehmet Emin | Menteş, Nurettin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to measure the self-efficacy knowledge of the caregiver of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients in order to overcome the problems that arise and carry out the care process in a healthy manner. OBJECTIVE: This research was carried out to develop a self-efficacy scale in caregivers of individuals with DMD. METHODS: The study was conducted with 99 volunteer DMD caregivers to evaluate the psychometric properties of the developed scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed with the SPSS 25 Package Program to determine the factors of the scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analysis …was performed with AMOS 23 to confirm the factors obtained by EFA. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for the internal consistency of the DMD-CSES. RESULTS: A valid and reliable scale was obtained to measure the self-efficacy of caregivers of DMD patients. CONCLUSION: Although some scales have been developed to evaluate the care burden of family members who care for patient-centered symptoms and functional changes in patients with DMD, there is no single scale that adequately describes the conditions and resources of caregivers on a global scale. The search for a definitive scale is expected to continue until a definitive treatment for the disease is found. Developing a valid and reliable scale to identify the self-efficacy, knowledge, skills and resources of caregivers with a common perspective of physicians and health management team centred on patients with DMD will be effective in practice. Show more

Keywords: Disease management, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, family caregivers, health economics, self efficacy, reliability, validity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230145

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 431-440, 2024

Authors: Dhanusia, S. | Santhana Lakshmi, S. | Kumar, Ajith | Prabhu, R. | Srinivasan, Vignesh | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Kumar, Priyadharshini | Kumaresan, A. | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smartphones are a technical marvel that rapidly evolved to play an important role in our lives. One downside to smartphone use is that it significantly worsens posture. It is believed that using a smartphone while walking increases the risk of cognitive decline and the loss of dynamic balance needed to perform functional tasks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control among South Indian college students. METHODS: The study was carried out in a private college with 400 invited students through online social media platforms. …The four-square step test and SAS-SV were used to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control. The students were informed about the study process. A total of 250 participants were included based on the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: There was a high percentage of agreement on smartphone usage on dynamic postural control measured with SAS-SV, revealing statistical significance with a mean value of 41.532 and SD of 10.010886. The four-square step test with a mean value of 22.5 and SD of 1.8995878 also proved significant impact. A positive correlation was found between smartphone usage and dynamic postural control, which was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.90130. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was noted between mobile usage and dynamic balance. Smartphones can have a negative impact on dynamic balance by distracting users from their surroundings and increase the risk of falls. Show more

Keywords: Smartphones, postural balance, cellphones, technology addiction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230161

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 441-446, 2024

Authors: Ain, Qurat Ul | Khan, Imran Ahmad | Raza, Muhammad Asif | Anjum, Ahsan | Khan, Maliha Khalid | Perwasha, Perwasha | Ishaq, Shahid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Industrial workers often have musculoskeletal disorders due to the nature of their work. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to investigate the scientific use of polyherbal gel in relieving pain and stiffness due to musculoskeletal injuries and improving activities of daily living (ADLs) in industrial workers. METHODS: A pragmatic, single-blinded, randomized control study divided 200 musculoskeletal injury patients into four parallel groups (n  = 50). Groups 1 and 2 were applied polyherbal gel via phonophoresis with therapeutic ultrasound and superficial massage. Groups 3 and 4 received diclofenac diethyl-ammonium 1% gel by phonophoresis and superficial massage. The Global Pain …Relief Scale, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) were used to measure pain, stiffness, and ADLs. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t -test to compare mean±SD of four independent groups before and after gel application. The confidence interval was 95%, with p  < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: The results revealed that polyherbal gel reduced pain (NPRS, WOMAC and Global pain relief scales) more efficiently (p ≤0.000) when applied with phonophoresis as compared to applied with massage and standard diclofenac (p ≤0.005), furthermore, polyherbal gel when applied with phonophoresis showed more efficient results. CONCLUSION: Industrial workers with musculoskeletal injuries benefited from the use of polyherbal gel for pain and inflammation relief. The polyherbal gel is natural, cost-effective, and easy to formulate. Show more

Keywords: Polyherbal gel, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, musculoskeletal injuries, phonophoresis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230178

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 447-460, 2024

Authors: Xu, Yanzhen | Liu, Ya | Huang, Maoyong | Fang, Hongmei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although research has increased the current understanding of creative teaching, evidence on the factors that influence this behavior and the underlying mechanisms remains limited. OBJECTIVE: This study, grounded in conservation of resources theory, proposed and empirically examined the relation between contingent reward leadership (CRL) among Chinese kindergarten principals and teachers’ creative teaching performance (CTP). In addition, the study assessed the mediating effect of organizational innovation support (OIS), bureaucratic organizational culture (BOC), and innovative organizational culture (IOC), as well as the moderating effect of ideological psychological contracts (IPCs), to provide robust insights into how CRL can motivate kindergarten …teachers’ CTP. METHODS: A total of 518 kindergarten teachers aged 20–55 years participated in the study. Structural equation model analysis was conducted to examine the multiple mediating effects of OIS, BOC, and IOC, as well as the moderating effect of IPC in the relation between CRL and CTP. RESULTS: OIS served as a mediator in the relation between CRL and CTP. OIS and BOC played a chain mediating role in the relation between CRL and CTP. OIS and BOC played a chain mediating role in the relation between CRL and CTP. Additionally, IPC positively moderated the indirect relation of CRL on CTP via OIS. CONCLUSIONS: Kindergarten principals should pay attention to the positive impact of leadership style and organizational culture on teachers’ innovative behavior. Moreover, prioritizing the improvement of IPCs would benefit the development of innovative behavior. Show more

Keywords: Contingent reward leadership, creative teaching performance, organizational innovation support, organizational culture, ideological psychological contract, kindergarten principal, kindergarten teacher

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230229

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 461-476, 2024

Authors: Dandumahanti, Bhanu Priya | Subramaniyam, Murali

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smartphone usage has increased rapidly in the last decade due to rapid technological advancements. This extensive usage of smartphones led to physiological problems and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) due to inappropriate postures. OBJECTIVE: Past studies have reported the effects/discomfort of smartphone usage for short periods, ranging from 3–20 min, which does not represent the current era of smartphone dependency (approximately 7-hr/day). METHODS: This study was performed on fifty-four participants aged 20–28 with 1-hr smartphone texting in a sitting posture. Flexion angles, both sides (dominant and non-dominant) muscle activity (maximum voluntary contraction %) at sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper-trapezius (TRP), …extensor digitorum (EDM) and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles, and subjective discomfort were analyzed. RESULTS: After 1-hr smartphone texting, the muscle activity at eight upper extremities: SCM (24.80%), TRP (29.45%), EDM (14.44%) and APB (19.87%) significantly (p  < 0.001) increased by 1.5–1.9 times with 27.4±3.18° and 82.94±7.03° head and lower-arm flexion angles, respectively. The mechanical loads on the cervical spine increased by 4.6 times, and subjective discomfort by 3 times. CONCLUSION: Maintaining the same posture for a long duration causes postural stress, muscular imbalances, and discomfort, leading to MSD with increased cervical intervertebral disc pressure. Show more

Keywords: Smartphone texting, musculoskeletal disorders, head flexion angle, prolonged usage, cervical load, subjective discomfort analysis

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230262

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 477-488, 2024

Authors: Harris, Gregory E. | Watson, James R. | Li, Alan Tai-Wai | Ibáñez-Carrasco, Francisco | Muchenje, Marvelous | Demetrakopoulos, Ana Sophia | McGee, A. | Chambers, Lori | Gahagan, Jacqueline | Ceranto, Andre | Cumby, Chris | Liddell, Michael

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a large number of people live with HIV, it is worthwhile to examine the integration of this group in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the operationalization of GIPA/MEPA supports workplace policies and practices for PLHIV. The study aims to explore what is being offered to support PLHIV in community-based agencies and what can be done to enhance the offerings. METHODS: For this community-based research, 2 bilingual online surveys were sent to 150 Canadian organizations that work closely with PLHIV or offer support to them. One of the surveys was for Executive Directors of …these organizations while the other was sent to peers; i.e. PLHIV whose job is to offer services to PLHIV. Questions in the surveys varied between open-ended, binary, and Likert. RESULTS: GIPA/MEPA are implemented in most organizations and Executive Directors affirmed that PLHIV and their impacts on the workplace are valued. There is a consensus among Executive Directors that formal support is provided but most respondents argued that this support is not specific for PLHIV. More than half of respondents were either unaware or uncertain about the existence of informal support. Peer-employees claimed that one of the challenges of disclosing HIV to receive peer support is that they may face stigma. CONCLUSION: The application of GIPA/MEPA results in positive outcomes in the workplace. The study emphasizes the need to facilitate access to informal support. Show more

Keywords: HIV, workplace support, peer support, labor force participation, mental health, community-based research

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230289

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 489-503, 2024

Authors: Belkić, Karen | Rustagi, Neeti

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Burnout among physicians, especially in the academic setting, is an urgent concern, with adequate sleep one of the key focal points. OBJECTIVE: To identify job stressors contributing to burnout and compromised sleep among academic physicians, using a comprehensive, theory-based instrument, the Occupational Stressor Index (OSI), whose specific form was created ‘for physicians by physicians’. METHODS: This parallel mixed-methods cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 109 physicians employed in a public teaching hospital, Jodhpur, India. Work conditions were evaluated by the physician-specific OSI (part I). The Copenhagen Burnout Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were the …outcome instruments (part II). Seventy-six physicians completed parts I and II. RESULTS: The physicians were from wide-ranging specialties, and 82% of the cohort were residents. Mean total OSI scores were 87.4±8.1, with unit-change yielding adjusted odds-ratios (95% confidence-intervals) for personal (1.10 (1.02–1.18)) and work-related burnout (1.12 (1.04–1.22)), and PSQI (1.09 (1.01–1.17)). Significant multivariable associations with burnout and/or sleep indices included: working 7 days/week, lacking work-free vacation, insufficient rest breaks, interruptions, many patients in intensive-care, no separate time for non-clinical duties, pressure to publish, injury/suicide attempts of colleagues/staff, performing pointless tasks. The latter were described as administrative/clerical. Lacking genuine rest breaks was mainly patient-related, further compromised by emergency work and lacking separate time for non-clinical duties. Long workhours and exhausting schedule were cited as most difficult parts of work, while reducing workhours, improving work schedule, and hiring more staff most frequently recommended. CONCLUSION: Specific working conditions potentially contributory to burnout and compromised sleep among physicians working in academic medicine are identified using a methodologically-rigorous, in-depth approach. These findings inform evidence-based interventions aimed at preserving physician mental health and work capacity. Show more

Keywords: Working conditions, physicians, hospitals, teaching, clinical medicine, occupational health, burnout, psychological, sleep

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230383

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 505-525, 2024

Authors: Yildirim, Umut | Nart, Senem | Akar, Sevda | Sarialioğlu, Songül | Toygar, Arda | Vardar, Burak | Kaya, Sultan Çoşkun | Sari, Mustafa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women’s physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified …within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry. Show more

Keywords: Women’s rights, workplace condition, mental health, qualitative research, gender inequity, workplace stress, gender-based violence

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230391

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 527-539, 2024

Article Type: Correction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246008

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 541-541, 2024

Article Type: Correction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246009

Citation: Work, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 543-543, 2024