Work - Volume 41, issue Supplement 1

Authors: Valdez, André Calero | Schaar, Anne Kathrin | Ziefle, Martina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In an increasingly faster paced innovative world, maintaining the ability to innovate in spite of an aging work force will become every company’s strongest leverage for success. Tapping the latent knowledge resources and creativity of overlooked employees and persisting crucial information for business conduct are promising results for social networking sites (SNS) in a working context. Usability and usefulness are exponential factors in creating a successful SNS. In order to make a SNS usable for a heterogeneous user group, analyses of user diversity in regard to social media need to be done. Furthermore differences in communication medium and frequency in …regard to age, content, hierarchy position, departmental thresholds and company size need to be analyzed. For analysis purposes both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. Strong effects of age and communication content were found in survey with 194 participants. Show more

Keywords: social networks, user diversity, survey, SNS, collaboration, acceptance

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0625-3459

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3459-3467, 2012

Authors: Jatobá, Alessandro | de Carvalho, Paulo Victor R. | da Cunha, Amauri Marques

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Work in organizations requires a minimum level of consensus on the understanding of the practices performed. To adopt technological devices to support the activities in environments where work is complex, characterized by the interdependence among a large number of variables, understanding about how work is done not only takes an even greater importance, but also becomes a more difficult task. Therefore, this study aims to present a method for modeling of work in complex systems, which allows improving the knowledge about the way activities are performed where these activities do not simply happen by performing procedures. Uniting techniques of Cognitive …Task Analysis with the concept of Work Process, this work seeks to provide a method capable of providing a detailed and accurate vision of how people perform their tasks, in order to apply information systems for supporting work in organizations. Show more

Keywords: Cognitive Systems Engineering, Health Care, Work Process five

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0626-3468

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3468-3475, 2012

Authors: Alexander, Thomas | Pfendler, Claudius | Thun, Jürgen | Kleiber, Michael

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Current industrial processes often involve the collaboration of people at distant and remote locations. The technological media for such a tele-cooperation reach from simple email or text-based chatting systems to highly-sophisticated systems for an interactive video-conferencing. But with limited bandwidth the communication between persons at distant locations is often restricted to single modalities. Although this may still be suitable for some tasks, it may result into serious shortcomings and decreased performance with complex tasks like cooperative assembly or maintenance. This is because restricted communication reduces the availability of a common ground, i.e. sharing a common understanding of knowledge, opinions, and …goals. The study presented in this paper examines the effect of different communication media on performance of a collaborative assembly task. The results show that tele-cooperation leads to additional verbal communication (AM(direct)=71.1s; AM(video)=145.6s; AM(audio)=204.7s) and, thus, longer times to complete the task (AM (direct)=45.95 min; AM (video)= 50.2 min; am AM(audio)=56.16 min). The percentage of relative speech duration also increases significantly. Workload measurement with NASA-TLX did not show any significant differences between cooperation modes. The results allow estimating the effect of reduced communication modalities on time to complete an assembly task. This facilitates a quantification of temporal requirements in time-critical maintenance and repair tasks. Show more

Keywords: Tele-cooperation, tele-communication, multi-modality, assembly task

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0627-3476

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3476-3483, 2012

Authors: Safin, Stéphane | Juchmes, Roland | Leclercq, Pierre

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, we present an original environment, the Distributed Collaborative Design Studio (DCDS) which allows multimodal real-time remote exchanges, and which aims at re-creating remotely the conditions of co-present meetings. This environment associates a videoconference tool (supporting verbal and non-verbal communication) and an original realtime shared digital hand-drawn sketches system (supporting graphical communication). The users can import documents and annotate them in real-time at distance. In this paper, we are interested in studying the use of the graphical modality (digital sketch and document annotations) as a tool for collective design and remote communication. This study takes place in the …framework of a collaborative architectural design studio, which has taken place during 3 month, and gathering students from Belgium and France to work together in 3 small groups mainly at distance. The study focuses on the role of graphical modality in the synchronous remote meetings supported by the DCDS. We identify the types of digital annotations made on the imported document, thanks to the electronic pen, and their role in the cognitive processes of designing and in the collaboration and communication processes. We also identify the different practices of digital sketching, according to the group and its collaborative strategies. We discuss the utility of the graphical modality as an efficient support for collaborative synchronous activities and show that the DCDS environment supports different strategies of collaborative design (co-design and distributed design). We conclude on recommendations for improving the system and for designing sketch-based collaborative environments. Show more

Keywords: CSCL, architecture, multimodal collaboration, pen-based interaction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0628-3484

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3484-3493, 2012

Authors: Defays, Aurore | Safin, Stéphane | Darses, Françoise | Mayeur, Anaïs | Rajeb, Samia Ben | Lecourtois, Caroline | Guéna, François | Leclercq, Pierre

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the areas of design, especially in architectural design, collaboration has become an important challenge. The specialization of skills increase, work teams are more and more extensive and the geographic distance between them increases too. The economic and ecological stakes related to remote collaboration are an evidence. This context involves the need to support most efficiently possible remote working meetings. We present the Distributed Collaborative Digital Studio (DSDC), a tool designed to recreate, in distant situations, the context of copresence meetings. This shared environment is created in the “invisible computer” approach [11]. The idea is that the tool should disappear …from user’s consciousness. Indeed, creative design activities require some fluidity in their process. Therefore, any involuntary interruption created by the system can potentially brake creativity. In this perspective, we investigate specifically the “invisibility” of our environment. To do this, we propose a framework for the operationalization of the concept and a methodology to test the system invisibility. This methodology was applied through a case study consisting of a corpus of 12 hours of remote collaborative design sessions with the DSDC. We highlight the learning effects while using our system, conclude on its effectiveness and discuss our methodology. Show more

Keywords: Computer Supported Cooperative Work, remote collaboration, invisibility, sketching, multimodality

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0629-3494

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3494-3503, 2012

Authors: Ahram, Tareq Z. | Karwowski, Waldemar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The advent and adoption of internet-based social networking has significantly altered our daily lives. The educational community has taken notice of the positive aspects of social networking such as creation of blogs and to support groups of system designers going through the same challenges and difficulties. This paper introduces a social networking framework for collaborative education, design and modeling of the next generation of smarter products and services. Human behaviour modeling in social networking application aims to ensure that human considerations for learners and designers have a prominent place in the integrated design and development of sustainable, smarter products throughout …the total system lifecycle. Social networks blend self-directed learning and prescribed, existing information. The self-directed element creates interest within a learner and the ability to access existing information facilitates its transfer, and eventual retention of knowledge acquired. Show more

Keywords: Smart Products, service systems, Systems Engineering, Social Networking

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1035-3504

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3504-3510, 2012

Authors: Détienne, Françoise | Barcellini, Flore | Baker, Michael | Burkhardt, Jean-Marie | Fréard, Dominique

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents, illustrates and discusses a generic framework for studying knowledge co-elaboration in online epistemic communities (“OECs”). Our approach is characterised by: considering knowledge co-elaboration as a design activity; distinguishing discussion and production spaces in OECs; characterising participation via the notion of role; fine-grained analyses of meaning, content and communicative functions in interactions. On this basis, three key issues for ergonomics research on OECs are discussed and illustrated by results from our previous studies on OSS and Wikipedia. One issue concerns the interrelation between design (task) and regulation. Whereas design task-oriented activity is distributed among participants, we illustrate that …OCEs function with specialised emerging roles of group regulation. However, the task-oriented activity also functions at an interpersonal level, as an interplay of knowledge-based discussion with negotiation of competencies. Another issue concerns the foci of activity on the (designed) knowledge object. Based on a generic task model, we illustrate asymmetry and distinctiveness in tasks' foci of participants. The last issue concerns how design-use mediation is ensured by specific forms of mediation roles in OECs. Finally we discuss the degree of generality of our framework and draw some perspectives for extending our framework to other OECs. Show more

Keywords: online communities, distributed design, interactive roles

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1036-3511

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3511-3518, 2012

Authors: Mertens, Alexander | Brandl, Christopher | Przybysz, Philipp | Koch-Körfges, David | Schlick, Christopher M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: During employment of icons in order to represent system functions, specific user requirements from elderly people have not been scientifically gathered and thus will merely be considered during the process of system design. The survey, with explicit consideration of technology acceptance and experience of 120 elderly probands, looked into the comprehension of four different classes of non-animated graphical representations. It was shown that among elderly, the use of photos compared to pictograms or clip art leads to a significantly higher recognition rate. The mapping of actions rather than objects leads to a further reduction of the error probability and is …thus, especially in the context of telemedicine, preferable for the target group. Show more

Keywords: Icons, human-computer interaction, elderly, user study, usability

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0630-3519

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3519-3525, 2012

Authors: Bützler, Jennifer | Vetter, Sebastian | Jochems, Nicole | Schlick, Christopher M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: On the basis of three empirical studies Fitts’ Law was refined for bivariate pointing tasks on large touch screens. In the first study different target width parameters were investigated. The second study considered the effect of the motion angle. Based on the results of the two studies a refined model for movement time in human-computer interaction was formulated. A third study, which is described here in detail, concerns the validation of the refined model. For the validation study 20 subjects had to execute a bivariate pointing task on a large touch screen. In the experimental task 250 rectangular target objects …were displayed at a randomly chosen position on the screen covering a broad range of ID values (ID= [1.01; 4.88]). Compared to existing refinements of Fitts’ Law, the new model shows highest predictive validity. A promising field of application of the model is the ergonomic design and evaluation of project management software. By using the refined model, software designers can calculate a priori the appropriate angular position and the size of buttons, menus or icons. Show more

Keywords: Fitts’, Law, bivariate pointing task, movement time, human factors of software-systems

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0631-3526

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3526-3532, 2012

Authors: Schmuntzsch, Ulrike | Sturm, Christine | Roetting, Matthias

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Main objective of the recently started collaborative research project SFB/TR29 B4 is to provide cross-generational assistance to human operators working in industrial product-service systems (IPS2 ). By combining the ideas of actionspecificity and multimodality a more immediate and purposeful reaction towards warnings is assumed. For this purpose, an action-specific warning system in form of a glove has been developed. It provides either visual, auditory or haptic feedback or a combination of all modalities. In a first study this prototype was compared with a conventional warning system, where multimodal devices were directly mounted to the machine. The test scenario used in …this study is the ‘changing of a spindle’ on a replica of a micro milling machine. It was conducted with 42 participants. The experimental design is a within-design in terms of the two warning systems and a between-design concerning the three modalities and its combinations. Results of the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on both factors ‘system’ and ‘modality’ show a significant main effect for the ‘modality’ and a significant interaction effect between both factors. Especially the haptic warnings on the action-specific glove were described as “that kind of warning, which evokes the fastest response”. Show more

Keywords: action-specific warning, multimodality, cross-generational interface design, industrial product-service systems

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0632-3533

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3533-3540, 2012

Authors: Nägle, Sibylle | Schmidt, Ludger

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Even though computers play a massive role in everyday life of modern societies, older adults, and especially older women, are less likely to use a computer, and they perform fewer activities on it than younger adults. To get a better understanding of the factors affecting older adults’ intention towards and usage of computers, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT) was applied as part of a more extensive study with 52 users and non-users of computers, ranging in age from 50 to 90 years. The model covers various aspects of computer usage in old age via four …key constructs, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influences, and facilitating conditions, as well as the variables gender, age, experience, and voluntariness it. Interestingly, next to performance expectancy, facilitating conditions showed the strongest correlation with use as well as with intention. Effort expectancy showed no significant correlation with the intention of older adults to use a computer. Show more

Keywords: Computer usage, elderly computer users, UTAUT, acceptance model

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0633-3541

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3541-3548, 2012

Authors: Mayhorn, Christopher B. | Nyeste, Patrick G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Phishing is an increasingly more prevalent form of online, social engineered scams that escalate costs and risks to society year to year. This study demonstrates an association between anti-phishing training techniques used in previous research and individual differences which could affect phishing susceptibility. Results indicated that anti-phishing training in both a simple comic and more complex video game form is helpful in decreasing phishing susceptibility as measured by Miss rates for all individuals including college aged and computer savvy participants. Based on the results of the present study, implications for future efforts to combat phishing are discussed.

Keywords: Computer security, phishing, training

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1054-3549

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3549-3552, 2012

Authors: Zunjic, Aleksandar | Ristic, Ljiljana | Milanovic, Dragan D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a research that deals with the problem of determining of the visibility of the alphanumeric presentation on CRT and LCD screens is presented, in conditions when the screen filters are used, and when they are not used. A methodology that can be used for determination of the visibility of alphanumeric symbols on VDT screens is presented. It is determined the existence of differences in visibility of alphanumeric presentations when screen filters are used, compared to conditions when they are not used. This difference was statistically significant, while the visibility of the presented alphanumeric symbols on CRT and …LCD screens that use screen filters is lower than when they are not used. For this reason, the use of protective screen filter is recommended in circumstances where a very high level of glare exists, when the visual fatigue is common appearance and when a user performs a task that does not depend on the detection of stimuli whose RGB values are low. Show more

Keywords: CRT monitor, LCD monitor, screen filter, visibility

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1037-3553

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3553-3559, 2012

Authors: Toomingas, A. | Hagberg, M. | Heiden, M. | Richter, H. | Westergren, K.E. | Wigaeus Tornqvist, E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Personal computers are used by a majority of the working population in their professions. Little is known about risk-factors for incident symptoms from the eyes among professional computer users. The aim was to study the incidence and risk-factors for symptoms from the eyes among professional computer users. This study is a part of a comprehensive prospective follow-up study of factors associated with the incidence of symptoms among professional computer users. 1531 computer users of different professions at 46 companies were invited, whereof 1283 answered a baseline questionnaire (498 men; 785 women) and 1246 at least one of 10 monthly …follow-up questionnaires. The computer work-station and equipment were generally of a good standard. The majority used CRT displays. During the follow-up period 329 subjects reported eye symptoms. The overall incidence rate in the whole study group was 0.38 per person-year, 0.23 in the subgroup of subjects who were symptom free at baseline and 1.06 among subjects who reported eye symptoms at baseline. In the bivariate analyses significant associations were found with all explanatory variables, except BMI. The reduced multivariate model showed significant associations with extended computer work, visual discomfort (dose-response), eye symptoms at baseline (higher risk), sex (women=higher risk) and nicotine use. The incidence of eye problems among professional computer users is high and related to both individual and work-related factors. Show more

Keywords: office work, eye strain, prospective study

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0634-3560

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3560-3562, 2012

Authors: Tebboune, Cheikh El-Bachir | Mebarki, Bouhafs

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 26 VDU operators in a post office and a bank, working regularly on video display units. The study aimed at (1) determining the physical working conditions, particularly lighting conditions, (2) assessing employees’ complaints, (3) measuring visual defects among operators in VDU workstations. The following results are revealed: (a) ergonomic shortcomings in workplace and work station design were clearly noticed (b) noise level was between 60db and 78 db, (c) illumination parameters did not much the task and caused ocular symptoms and visual fatigue, (d) visual tests revealed vision defects in …84.6% of the cases, (e) visual fatigue was noticed at the end of the working day. The abnormal frequency of operators’ complaints can be explained by the association of visual defects and inadequate working conditions Show more

Keywords: VDU, illumination conditions, vision, visual fatigue, visual defects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0635-3563

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3563-3567, 2012

Authors: Sa, Eduardo Costa | Ferreira Junior, Mario | Rocha, Lys Esther

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate work conditions, to estimate the prevalence and to describe risk factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome among two call centers´ operators in São Paulo (n = 476). The methods include a quantitative cross-sectional observational study and an ergonomic work analysis, using work observation, interviews and questionnaires. The case definition was the presence of one or more specific ocular symptoms answered as always, often or sometimes. The multiple logistic regression model, were created using the stepwise forward likelihood method and remained the variables with levels below 5% (p < 0.05). The operators were …mainly female and young (from 15 to 24 years old). The call center was opened 24 hours and the operators weekly hours were 36 hours with break time from 21 to 35 minutes per day. The symptoms reported were eye fatigue (73.9%), “weight” in the eyes (68.2%), “burning” eyes (54.6%), tearing (43.9%) and weakening of vision (43.5%). The prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome was 54.6%. Associations verified were: being female (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.1), lack of recognition at work (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8), organization of work in call center (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7) and high demand at work (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.3). The organization and psychosocial factors at work should be included in prevention programs of visual syndrome among call centers´ operators. Show more

Keywords: Call center, Visual fatigue, Risk factors, Occupational health, Computer visual syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0636-3568

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3568-3574, 2012

Authors: Helland, Magne | Horgen, Gunnar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A total of 85 VDU operators, in three main Scandinavian Alcatel-Lucent headquarters, were followed in a process moving from single occupancy offices to office landscapes. This paper discusses the visual challenges and implications in such a change in location. By careful design and construction of an office landscape with regards to lighting and visual conditions transfer from a small office to an office landscape may be acceptable from a visual-ergonomic point of view. In the oral presentation recommendation on how to avoid visual problems will be discussed.

Keywords: VDU workplaces, visual ergonomics, lighting conditions, visual discomfort, office landscape

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0637-3575

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3575-3576, 2012

Authors: Jonsson, Christina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The Swedish Provisions on Work with Display Screen Equipment and the EU Directive on the minimum safety and health requirements for work with display screen equipment cover several important visual ergonomics aspects. But a review of cases and questions to the Swedish Work Environment Authority clearly shows that most attention is given to the demands for eyesight tests and special computer glasses. Other important visual ergonomics factors are at risk of being neglected. Today computers are used everywhere, both at work and at home. Computers can be laptops, PDA’s, tablet computers, smart phones, etc. The demands on eyesight tests and …computer glasses still apply but the visual demands and the visual ergonomics conditions are quite different compared to the use of a stationary computer. Based on this review, we raise the question if the demand on the employer to provide the employees with computer glasses is outdated. Show more

Keywords: eyesight test, computer glasses, new display screen technique, visual ergonomics, demands on the employer

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0638-3577

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3577-3579, 2012

Authors: Bliss, James P. | Liebman, Rachel | Chancey, Eric

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Prior researchers have demonstrated that training may be an effective strategy for improving operator reactions to alarm systems with less than perfect reliability. Of the training strategies tested, recognition of temporal patterns in prior sensor activations seems to offer the greatest promise for improving the speed and appropriateness of subsequent alarm reactions. The current research was completed to clarify which of three temporal interval training methods leads to the most appropriate alarm reactions. Fifty-six undergraduates evaluated whether alarms occurring after sensor activations were true or false, based on elapsed time between the sensor signals and the alarm signals. Participants completed …five training sessions to learn to estimate time intervals using simple repetition training, performance feedback, or performance feedback plus subdivision cues. Contrary to expectations, results indicated that participants did not benefit differentially from temporal interval training. Differences between pre- and posttest interval estimation performance was similar among groups, and training groups performed comparably when reacting to signals. Participants generally focused on advertised alarm system reliability, responding more appropriately and more quickly to lower reliability alarms. Future researchers and designers should replicate these findings with realistic tasks and real-world complex task operators to determine their generalization. Show more

Keywords: Alarms, Training, Reliability, Time, Reactions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0668-3580

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3580-3585, 2012

Authors: Baldwin, Carryl L. | Eisert, Jesse L. | Garcia, Andre | Lewis, Bridget | Pratt, Stephanie M. | Gonzalez, Christian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Through a series of investigations involving different levels of contextual fidelity we developed scales of perceived urgency for several dimensions of the auditory, visual, and tactile modalities. Psychophysical ratings of perceived urgency, annoyance, and acceptability as well as behavioral responses to signals in each modality were obtained and analyzed using Steven’s Power Law to allow comparison across modalities. Obtained results and their implications for use as in-vehicle alerts and warnings are discussed.

Keywords: Auditory warnings, tactile warnings, perceived urgency, in-vehicle displays, driver behavior

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0669-3586

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3586-3591, 2012

Authors: Machado, Sheron | Duarte, Emília | Teles, Júlia | Reis, Lara | Rebelo, Francisco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in multimodal technology-based warnings, namely those conveying speech-warning statements. This type of warning may be tailored to the situation as well as to the target user’s characteristics. However, more information is needed on how to design these warnings in a way that ensures intelligibility, promotes compliance and reduces the potential for annoyance. In this context, this paper reports an exploratory study whose main purpose was to assist the selection of a synthesized voice for a subsequent compliance study with personalized (i.e., using the person’s name) technologybased warnings using Virtual Reality. Participants were requested to listen …to speech signals, gathered from a speech synthesizer and post-processed in order to change the pitch perception, and then these were evaluated by fulfilling the MOS-X questionnaire. After that, the participants ranked the voices according to their preference. The effects of the speaker’s gender and voice pitch, on both ratings and ranking were assessed. The preference of the male and female listeners for a talker’s voice gender was also investigated. The results show that participants mostly prefer as first choice the high-pitched female voice, which also gathered the highest overall score in the MOS-X questionnaire. No significant influence of the participants’ gender was found on the assessed measures. Show more

Keywords: Auditory warnings, speech signal, speaker’s gender, voice pitch

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0670-3592

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3592-3598, 2012

Authors: Alali, Khaled | Casali, John G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess normal hearing listeners’ performance in detecting a stationary backup alarm signal and to quantify the linear distance at detection point. Method: Detection distances for 12 participants with normal hearing were measured while they were fitted with 7 hearing protectors and while they were unoccluded (open ear). A standard (narrowband) backup alarm signal and a broadband (pulsed white noise) backup alarm signal from Brigade[1] were used. The method of limits, with distance as the physical measurement variable and threshold detection as the task, was employed to find at which distance the participant could …first detect the backup alarms. Results: A within-subject Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant main effect of the listening conditions on the detection distance in feet. Post hoc analyses indicated that the Bilsom L3HV conventional passive earmuff (at 1132.2 ft detection distance) was significantly poorer compared to all other HPDs and the open ear in detection distance achieved, and that there were no statistically-significant differences between the unoccluded ear (1652.3 ft), EB-15-Lo BlastPLGTM (1546.2 ft), EB-15-Hi BlastPLGTM (1543.4 ft), E-A-R/3M Combat ArmsTM earplug-nonlinear, level-dependent state (1507.8 ft), E-A-R/3M HiFiTM earplug (1497.7 ft), and Bilsom ImpactTM dichotic electronic earmuff (1567.2 ft). In addition, the E-A-R/3M Combat ArmsTM earplug-passive steady state resulted in significantly longer detection distances than only the open ear condition, at 1474.1 ft versus 1652.3 ft for the open ear. ANOVA also revealed a significant main effect of the backup alarm type on detection distance. The means were 1600.9 ft for the standard (narrowband) backup alarm signal, and a significantly closer 1379.4 ft was required for the Brigade broadband backup alarm signal. Discussion: For on-ground workers, it is crucial to detect backup alarm signals as far away as possible rather than at close distances since this will provide them more time to react to approaching vehicles. The results of this study suggest that as the attenuation of the hearing protectors increases, precautions should be considered by safety professionals. This is because, as it was the case with the Bilsom passive earmuff and E-A-R/3M Combat ArmsTM earplug-passive steady state, high attenuation minimizes the detection distance and as a result on-foot workers will have less time to react to any approaching vehicle. The main effects of the type of backup alarm signal demonstrated a statistically-significant advantage of the standard backup alarm over the broadband backup alarm on detection distance in feet. The magnitude of the improvement produced by the standard backup alarm was 221.5 feet, a very large margin. For example, with a vehicle backing at 10 mph, the 221.5 ft decrease in detection distance with the Brigade alarm equates to the vehicle arriving 15 seconds sooner at the worker from the point at which its alarm was first heard. Show more

Keywords: Hearing protector, hearing protection device, backup alarm, reverse alarm, detection distance, broadband backup alarm, auditory detection

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0671-3599

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3599-3607, 2012

Authors: Hancock, G.M. | Hancock, P.A. | Janelle, C.M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Emotion-provoking stimuli abound on modern roadways. Driving measures, of both longitudinal and lateral control of the vehicle, have been shown to vary based on affective influences. Research, however, has yet to address how drivers’ individual techniques to mitigate emotional reactions influence driving performance. To address this issue, the present study featured a dual-task protocol involving simulated driving together with processing of emotionally-valenced images with a focus on different Predominant Emotion Regulation Techniques (PERT): one adaptive strategy (task-focused coping) and one maladaptive style (emotion-focused coping). Dependent measures included mean driving speed and number of lane excursions. Results indicated that pleasant images …degraded longitudinal control to the greatest extent, while unpleasant images produced the greatest detriment in lateral control. Additionally, individuals’ PERT played a major interactive role in drivers’ longitudinal control leading task-focused females and emotion-focused males to adhere more closely to the speed limit; yet, it did not affect their lateral control. Results hold important potential implications for the amount or variety of training necessary for driver licensure to promote and sustain safe vehicle control. Show more

Keywords: Vehicle Operation Efficacy, Affective States, Traffic Safety

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0666-3608

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3608-3611, 2012

Authors: Sharan, Deepak | Ajeesh, P.S. | Rameshkumar, R | Mathankumar, M | Paulina, R Jospin | Manjula, M

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Virtual reality is the use of interactive replication created with computer hardware and software to impart users with opportunities to engage in environments that appear to feel similar to real world objects and events. The commonest rehabilitation program of cerebral palsy children involves stretching, strengthening, mobilization and various other activities, whereas the use of virtual reality based training (VRBT) for rehabilitation of cerebral palsy is not common. To understand the effect of VRBT a study was formulated. Twenty nine subjects participated (study group – 14 and control group – 15). Outcome measures were MACS, PBS, level of participation, motivation, cooperation …and satisfaction of the child. Results revealed that balance and manual ability were significantly improved in both the groups (Balance: study: t-2.28, p<0.05; control: t-3.5, p<0.01; Manual ability: study: t-5.58, p<0.001; control: t-7.06, p<0.001). PBS had significantly greater improvement in the study group (t-t-2.02, p<0.05). Level of participation, motivation, cooperation and satisfaction of the child were also reported to be significantly higher among the study group as compared with control group. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study on using the VR-based therapy for the postoperative rehabilitation of children with CP which need further elaboration with larger sample size. Show more

Keywords: “VRBT”, “derebral Palsy”, “balance”, “manual ability”

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0667-3612

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3612-3615, 2012

Authors: Lenorovitz, David R. | Leonard, S. David | Karnes, Edward W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the field of forensic human factors, experts are often called upon to assess and evaluate the adequacy of new or existing products’ warnings or warnings systems. The usual goal of this evaluation is to arrive at a simple binary decision regarding the warning in question (i.e., does it “pass/fail”, or is it “adequate/inadequate”). However, such a warning assessment process may in fact be quite complex and multidimensional in its execution. The existing warnings research literature has identified a fairly large number of warnings features or factors likely to have an impact on a given warning’s effectiveness or adequacy. The …tool addressed in this article is intended for use by a warnings expert (as opposed to one less knowledgeable and informed about complex warnings issues), and can serve as a reminder checklist to help ensure that the expert has taken into consideration the most relevant features or factors during such a warnings adequacy assessment. Show more

Keywords: Warnings, Warnings Evaluations, Warning Adequacy, Product Safety

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0114-3616

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3616-3623, 2012

Authors: Wogalter, Michael S. | Laughery, Kenneth R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A scenario of an automotive accident caused by tire failure is given followed by a human factors analysis of the information available to consumers on tire aging. Consumers have not been told that the age of the tire is a safety concern. It is not easy to decode the date of manufacture on tires. More publicity and prominent warnngs are needed to communicate the dangers of older tires. Also, better ways to present the date of manufacture so that consumers can more easily and accurately assess tire age are needed.

Keywords: Tires, Aging, Manufacture Date, Safety, Warnings

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0115-3624

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3624-3628, 2012

Authors: Karnes, Edward W. | Leonard, S. David | Lenorovitz, David R.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Various single-rider open vehicles, such as lawnmowers, are susceptible to overturning on slopes that are too steep for them. Warnings have included separation from the vehicles and avoiding slopes that are too steep. A recommended maximum slope is commonly 15 degrees. However, many individuals cannot evaluate slopes just by sight. Some mower manufacturers have warned about too steep slopes and have provided slope gauges for users to determine the slopes in natural settings. This article evaluated the usefulness of such gauges for users who might be expected to need to evaluate slopes and the efficacy of a separation procedure for …avoiding injuries. It was concluded that neither of these were likely to be successful and suggestions are made for a lternative approaches. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0116-3629

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3629-3632, 2012

Authors: Duarte, EmíLia | Rebelo, Francisco | Teles, Júlia | Noriega, Paulo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Warnings are intended to reduce accidents caused by hazards. Behavioral compliance is the most important measure of warning effectiveness. However, in result of diverse circumstances (e.g., distraction, misuse, negligence), conflicting or ambiguous safety messages can be perceived. Since these are recurrent and can result in wrong behaviors encompassing severe consequences, such cases should be studied for safety purposes. We report findings on the participants’ compliant behavior when performing a work-related task, while immersed in a virtual environment, and investigate the effect of conflicting messages on compliance with warnings. Two warnings (one regular and one with an appended out-of-order sign) and …two types of signs (static and dynamic) were considered. The warning with the out-of-order sign configures the case of potentially conflicting messages. The gender effect was also investigated. The participants’ behavior was assessed regarding to pushing a button as directed by the warnings. In the “out-of-order” warning, compliance was higher in the dynamic situation (53.3%) than in the static one (3.3%). Comparing with the non-conflicting warning, compliance was higher for both situations (static: 76.7%; dynamic: 100%). Women complied more than men. Although these results have limitations in their generalization, they are nonetheless relevant and deserve to be studied further. Show more

Keywords: Ambiguity, Compliance, Warnings, Decision Making, Awareness

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0113-3633

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3633-3640, 2012

Authors: Dejean, Pierre-Henri | Wagstaff, Peter

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of direct and indirect users, a key issue to cooperation between ergonomists, designers and managers involved in a sustainable approach to design. What issues for Ergonomics and Design are launched by this concept? User/consumer differences should be approached taking into account Ergonomics and Design theory and practice. What dialogue and tools could help the ergonomist/designer/manager to respond to all the requirements of the future clients of the product?

Keywords: Ergonomics/design/management cooperation, User approach, Design process certification

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0672-3641

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3641-3645, 2012

Authors: Nellutla, Manobhiram | Patel, Hetal | Kabanda, Aline | Nuhu, Assuman

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: An important aspect that affects the effectiveness of ergonomic programs is that inefficient mechanical functioning start at an early age and that back pain and posture problems are already evident in children. Children, from a very early age, as well as adults spend an ever increasing amount of their time in front of computer and television screens. The cumulative effect of this sedentary lifestyle leads to improper posture, as well as inefficient and harmful movement patterns and loss of basic physical skills. Physical Education course should deal not only with sports and physical activities, but also with broader aspects of …life-skills and physical functionality. It should offer a solution to the modern technology-based society. Keeping this in perspective, Ergonomics content was introduced in Physical Education Teacher’s Guide in Rwandan schools with an aim in preventing musculoskeletal disorder in children. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, Schools, Physical Education, Prevention, Classroom

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0004-3646

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3646-3651, 2012

Authors: Kay, Roddy

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper argues that it would be useful for ergonomists and experienced English Language Teaching (ELT) professionals to collaborate as this would be of substantial interest to both sets of professionals. The ongoing debate in ELT on International English (IE) might usefully help to guide ergonomists if and when they require to judge that English is used at appropriately high levels in the workplace in non-English speaking countries. It may also help ergonomists who are non-native speakers (NNSs) of English to gain greater access to the top specialist journals and to found new e-journals on Ergonomics in English that deserve …international recognition. At the same time ELT specialists would have great interest in advising ergonomists on these matters, in part, as a means of testing current hypotheses on the tendencies for new varieties of English to develop and win acceptance both from native and non-native speakers of English as setting standards of communicative competence in English both for end users of English in their professional lives and for well-structured and clear written academic debate. Show more

Keywords: International English, Ergonomics, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, print and electronic journals

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0006-3652

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3652-3656, 2012

Authors: Silva, Nilson RogÉrio da | Almeida, Maria Amélia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Studies indicate that teachers constitute a professional segment, in which the work characteristics and the demands originating from the act of teaching, favor the emergence of sickness, concerning physical or emotional aspects. The present work aimed to describe physical and postural aspects during the working activity of teachers. A total of 120 elementary school teachers (1st to 8th grade) took part in the survey. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied: it included personal and occupational information, perception of discomfort and being off work; physical strength activities; posture at work and physical conditioning activities. The average age of teachers of …the present sample corresponds to 35,8 years. In relation to activities which generate more physical strength, the answer none of the activities was predominant with 30 answers; followed by writing on the board, standing up during the period of classes, explanation of the subjects, class elaboration, correction of homework and others. The area of the body with higher amount of occurrences and prevalent discomfort referred to the lower limbs and spinal cord. These data inform the necessity of investing in prevention programs for the teachers, in order to develop strategies into the organizational context and interventions at the work environment. Show more

Keywords: ergonomy, elementary school teachers, working conditions, postural aspects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0005-3657

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3657-3662, 2012

Authors: Martins, Laura Bezerra | Gaudiot, Denise Mariasimões Freire

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In any concept of school design, classroom occupies the central place. Dimensions, lighting, the equipment needed, ventilation are old questions already answered, even in form of laws and standards adopted. However, the best use of available materials and physical conditions of comfort is not sufficient for a classroom design guaranteed success. The classroom should provide deaf students elements to facilitate the learning process, eliminating as much as possible the obstacles created by lack of hearing and allowing them to have the same access to learning as a listener student. As users of a school building, teachers, students, parents and staff …are the best evaluators of the physical environment of schools. The environmental comfort is a largest ally of pedagogy. The learning comes from the perception and the concentration of students in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to detect the role of direct perception (physical) and indirect (intangible) elements that informs and have symbolic value, and propose layouts for accessible classrooms to deaf students. The ergonomics of the built environment evaluation methods could use the participatory design method tools as basis to assessing how users perceive and use the school environment. Show more

Keywords: Inclusion, education, design participative, layout

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0007-3663

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3663-3668, 2012

Authors: Brunier, Elisabeth | Chapellier, Michel Le | Dejean, Pierre Henri

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aims of this paper are to present concept and results of an innovative educational model approach based on ergonomics involvement in industrial project. First we present Cross disciplinary Problem solving Workshop by answering three questions: 1) What is a CPW: A partnership between Universities and one or several companies, purposes of it are first to increase health, well being, companies teams competencies, and competitiveness, second to train the “IPOD generation” to include risks prevention in design. 2) How does it work? CPW allows cooperation between experience and new insight through inductive methods. This model follows the Piaget …(1) philosophy linking concrete world to abstraction by a learning system associating realization and abstraction 3) Is it successful? In order to answer this third question we will show examples of studies and models performed during CPWs. It appears that the CPWs produce visible results in companies such as new process designs, new methods, and also changes in lectures. However some less visible results remain unclear: How the company personnel evolve during and after CPW? Does CPW motivate our future engineers enough to continuously improve their skills in risk prevention and innovative design? Show more

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0008-3669

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3669-3675, 2012

Authors: Smith, Thomas J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper offers a conceptual framework, bolstered by empirical evidence, for two conclusions: (1) that variability in student learning is prominently influenced by ergonomic design features, not only of classrooms and school systems, but also of surrounding communities; and (2) a systems concept of learning environments therefore is required to support student learning, based on integrating educational with community ergonomics. Educational system design factors known to strongly influence student learning first are reviewed. One of the most prominent of these is the socioeconomic status of communities in which schools are housed. Independent lines of evidence then are introduced that may …account for how and why community design affects learning. The paper closes with recommendations for persuading policymakers and educators that closer integration of school system operations and functions with those of the surrounding community, with a central goal of upgrading community design conditions, represents a highly promising opportunity for improving student learning performance. One major challenge is to heighten awareness that learning environments outside the classroom are as or more important as those inside, in terms of influencing not only test but broader educational and societal trajectories of children. Show more

Keywords: educational ergonomics, community ergonomics, informal learn

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0009-3676

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3676-3684, 2012

Authors: Cuenca, Gabriela | Nusshold, Patricio

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article presents the results of a preliminary trial, in the context of an intervention, developed by a team of ergonomists under the request of the Occupational Health Department of the General Management of Schools in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. We present a reformulation of the request and the results obtained in 2009 from observations and interviews held in three schools in the province of Buenos Aires in which different jobs positions were assessed. From this stage onwards, the tools were validated and new aspects were shown, particularly in relation to the high variety of real situations in …the education sector. Show more

Keywords: teachers, education, ergonomics, work analysis, methodology

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0010-3685

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3685-3692, 2012

Authors: Costa, Bruna Evellyn | Silva, Nicéia Luzia Selete

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study valued 100 public school teachers statewide Umuarama-Pr, through Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and also a socio-demographic questionnaire with objective factors to analyze the work environment that affect the quality of life for teachers public schools in Umuarama. The results indicated that teachers age between 20 and 30 years show high index of emotional exhaustion. Between 30 and 40 years have a low average emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and an average professional achievement. Teachers between 40 and 50 years of aged had resulted in the average within the fields Burnout Inventory with a group that’s worrying, because it …is the limit in all items that characterize the burnout syndrome. Already in the professionals aged between 50 and 60 years have seen high levels of emotional exhaustion, low depersonalization and low professional achievement, this group, which probably already had some of these symptoms are only now been identified. This shows how is the quality of life of the group of teachers surveyed, and indicates the need for action to change this situation and find solutions. A suggestion of this work is to build a center for psychological support for teachers to learn to handle everyday situations. Show more

Keywords: burnout, teachers, quality of life

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0673-3693

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3693-3700, 2012

Authors: Silveira, Dierci Marcio | Brandão, Erico Lourenço

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It is part of the vocabulary of organizations, and the agendas discussed the subject of "Sustainability", but there are few companies that implement practices or even know the means of implementing sustainable practices. The objective of this paper is to discuss an approach to education for sustainable development (ESD) based on the concepts and practice of ergonomics, as a consequence of this approach allows the implementation of integration initiatives focused on sustainability, such as eg. energy efficiency and consumer awareness thus allowing a means of reducing costs and operating expenses, increased competitiveness and significant contributions to corporate sustainability. There is …also the inclusion of sustainability in corporate strategic planning, and their implications in the different spheres of the market. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0011-3701

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3701-3708, 2012

Authors: Santana, Ângela Maria C. | De Marchi, Dione | Junior, Luiz C.G. | Girondoli, Yassana M. | Chiappeta, Andrés

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Burnout Syndrome in 100 teachers of six public high schools and its correlation with working conditions in a southeast city of Brazil. Characterization of the sample occurred after application of a socio-demographic questionnaire. Evaluation of the working conditions was done by means of an Ergonomic Working Analysis. The presence of Burnout Syndrome was evaluated by means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The sample presented the predominance of women, with an average age of 40.4 and the majority married with children. Roughly 50% had less than 10 years of service, …and more than half of the teachers taught more than 18 classes per week. Hoarseness after work was principally reported among women, which required many days off for health treatment. Environmental conditions reflect inadequacy in relation to noise, light, humidity and temperature. Presence of pain in the upper limbs was especially high among women. Risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs predominated as moderately important to significant. We also identified an average distance walked by teachers of 1.5 Km and an average of 4.2 Kg of school supplies carried between classes. The Burnout Syndrome presented a high score for depersonalization principally among men, but it has association with both sexes. Emotional exhaustion correlates with noise, depersonalization, and personal fulfillment, in addition to the high number of weekly lessons. It can be concluded that Burnout syndrome is present among teachers, principally in terms of depersonalization, deserving the attention of government officials and the schools, as well as the teachers themselves. Show more

Keywords: Burnout syndrome, Working conditions, Teachers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0674-3709

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3709-3717, 2012

Authors: Marqueze, Elaine C | Ulhôa, Melissa A | Moreno, Claudia R C

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A number of studies to better understand the complex physiological mechanism involved in regulating body weight have been conducted. More specifically, the hormones related to appetite, leptin and ghrelin, and their association to obesity have been a focus of investigation. Circadian patterns of these hormones are a new target of research. The behaviour of these hormones in individuals subject to atypical working times such as shiftwork remains unclear. Shiftwork is characterized by changes in biological rhythms and cumulative circadian phase changes, being associated with high rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Truck drivers, who work irregular shifts, frequently present a …high prevalence of obesity, which might be associated with work-related factors and/or lifestyle. In this context, the aim of this paper was to discuss the relationship of body mass index, appetite-related hormones and sleep characteristics in truck drivers who work irregular shifts compared with day workers. Show more

Keywords: Obesity, leptin, ghrelin, circadian rhythm, truck drivers

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0085-3718

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3718-3725, 2012

Authors: Silva-Costa, Aline | Griep, Rosane Harter | Fischer, Frida Marina | Rotenberg, Lúcia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The concept of need for recovery from work (NFR) was deduced from the effort recuperation model. In this model work produces costs in terms of effort during the working day. When there is enough time and possibilities to recuperate, a worker will arrive at the next working day with no residual symptoms of previous effort. NFR evaluates work characteristics such as psychosocial demands, professional work hours or schedules. However, sleep may be an important part of the recovery process. The aim of the study was to test the association between sleep-related complaints and NFR. A cross-sectional study was carried out …at three hospitals. All females nursing professionals engaged in assistance to patients were invited to participate (N = 1,307). Participants answered a questionnaire that included four sleep-related complaints (insomnia, unsatisfactory sleep, sleepiness during work hours and insufficient sleep), work characteristics and NRF scale. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that all sleep-related complaints are associated with a high need for recovery from work. Those who reported insufficient sleep showed a greater chance of high need for recovery; OR=2.730 (CI 95% 2.074 – 3.593). These results corroborate the hypothesis that sleep is an important aspect of the recovery process and, therefore, should be thoroughly investigated. Show more

Keywords: Need for recovery, Sleep complaints, Work, Nursing professionals

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0086-3726

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3726-3731, 2012

Authors: Vasconcelos, S. | Marqueze, E. | Gonçalves, L. | Lemos, L. | Araújo, L. | Fischer, F.M. | Moreno, C.R.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Introduction: Work organization patterns and working conditions experienced by nursing personnel in the hospital settings may be associated to increased morbidity among these health workers. Aim: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported diseases among nursing personnel at the emergency hospital in Rio Branco/State of Acre, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 272 participants who answered a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, lifestyles, work ability, and a fatigue perception scale. The selfreported diseases in the 12 months prior to data collection were considered the dependent variable. Results: A total of 85.7% of the participants reported …one or more diseases in the past 12 months. Most prevalent diseases were: musculoskeletal diseases (37.1%), digestive diseases (28.7%), mental disorders (28.3%), work injuries (27.9%), and respiratory diseases (26.8%). The following significant variables remained in the final model: high work demands (OR 2.69), reported fatigue (OR 3.59), night work (OR 6.55) and being a technician or nursing assistant (OR 4.23). Conclusions: Variables related to working conditions and work organization were associated with the occurrence of reported diseases among nursing professionals. Health promotion measures at work require a comprehensive approach including the working conditions and the work organization. Show more

Keywords: Nursing personnel, hospital, morbidity, work conditions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0087-3732

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3732-3737, 2012

Authors: Menegon, Fabrício Augusto | Fischer, Frida Marina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with reported work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among aircraft assembly workers. Population consisted of 552 (491 men/61 women) workers who performed tasks related to the work of aircraft assembly. Participants completed a comprehensive questionnaire, including socio-demographic information, habits/lifestyles, working conditions, and work organization. Workers also answered the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to obtain data on musculoskeletal symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze factors associated with musculoskeletal reported symptoms. Results showed that body regions with the highest prevalence of reported musculoskeletal symptoms were similar when referred the past twelve months and the …past seven days. Significant factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms included variables related to conflicts at work, sleep problems, mental fatigue, and lack of time for personal care and recovery. Working time in the industry was associated only with reports for the last seven days and regular physical activity off-work seems to be a positive factor in preventing musculoskeletal symptoms for the past twelve months. The results highlight the multi-factorial nature of the problem. Actions to prevent musculoskeletal diseases at the aircraft assembly work should consider multiple interventions that would promote better recovery between work shifts. Show more

Keywords: ergonomics, work analysis, shiftwork, health-related problems, work demands

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0088-3738

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3738-3745, 2012

Authors: Fischer, Frida Marina | Martinez, Maria Carmen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The work of hospital food service is characterized by demands that can be associated with work ability - WA. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with WA among hospital food service professionals and recommend intervention measures. This is a cross sectional study carried out in 2009, conducted in a hospital of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were 76 (96.2%) of the eligible. They filled out a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, life styles, working conditions and WA. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Factors associated with WA were age (p = 0.051), over commitment (p = 0.011), effort-reward …ratio (p = 0.002) and work injuries (p < 0.001). In spite was a young population, age was associated with WA. Association with work injuries is consistent with the theoretical model that demonstrated that health status is the basis to maintain the WA. The association of effort-reward imbalance shows that issues related with work organization are relevant for these workers. The association of overcommittment suggests that workers recognize their responsibility with the therapeutic processes of patients. Results showed a number of features of different nature that should be taken into account when implementing measures to improve the WA, to be applied at different levels: individual, task and institutional. Show more

Keywords: work ability evaluation, work stressors, psychosocial factors at work, working conditions, hospital food services

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0089-3746

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3746-3752, 2012

Authors: Minna, Savinainen | Mika, Nyberg

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Abstract Construction work consists of numerous factors that influence workers’ occupational health and that load the musculoskeletal system in particular. Musculoskeletal disorders are responsible for over a third of all sick leaves lasting over nine days in the construction industry. Occupational health services (OHS) were organized for 85% of the construction workers in our study. The proportion of construction workers who had suffered from chronic or repetitive neck and shoulder, shoulder or arm, or low-back disorders was 55.6%, 44.8% and 42.1%, respectively. Those who felt that they had received enough information, advice or guidance from OHS concerning work posture, work …performance or work tools were more often those who had not suffered from shoulder or arm disorders (60.9% vs. 39.1%, p=.024, respectively) or low-back disorders (63.6% vs. 36.4%, p=.034, respectively) during the last month than those who had. Those who had received enough support from OHS concerning maintenance of work ability were more often workers who had not suffered from low-back disorders during the last month than those who had (63.3% vs. 36.7%, p=.004, respectively). OHS should focus more on workers who would really benefit from their activities at a particular time and in a particular situation (primary, secondary or tertiary prevention) and who are themselves devoted to improving their health. Show more

Keywords: construction worker, musculoskeletal disorder, occupational health service

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0676-3753

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3753-3756, 2012

Authors: Chi, Chia-Fen | Lin, Yuan-Yuan | Ikhwan, Mohamad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The current study reanalyzed 250 electrical fatalities in the construction industry from 1996 to 2002 into seven patterns based on source of electricity (power line, energized equipment, improperly installed or damaged equipment), direct contact or indirect contact through some source of injury (boom vehicle, metal bar or pipe, and other conductive material). Each fatality was coded in terms of age, company size, experience, performing tasks, source of injury, accident cause and hazard pattern. The Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) was applied to the coded data of the fatal electrocution to find a subset of predictors that might derive meaningful classifications …or accidents scenarios. A series of Flow Diagrams was constructed based on CHAID result to illustrate the flow of electricity travelling from electrical source to human body. Each of the flow diagrams can be directly linked with feasible prevention strategies by cutting the flow of electricity. Show more

Keywords: fatal electrocution, accident analysis, prevention measure, CHAID

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0677-3757

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3757-3764, 2012

Authors: Hoonakker, Peter | Van Duivenbooden, Cor

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study we examine whether the Work Ability Index (WAI) has additional value in predicting long-term absenteeism in construction industry. Results of the study show that the WAI has additional value in predicting absenteeism, but that the amount of explained variance is low. This is partly due to the definition of absenteeism in The Netherlands, where this study took place.

Keywords: Construction industry, work ability, absenteeism

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0002-3765

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3765-3770, 2012

Authors: van der Molen, Henk F. | Visser, Steven | Kuijer, P. Paul F.M. | Faber, Gert | Hoozemans, Marco J.M. | van Dieën, Jaap H. | Frings-Dresen, Monique H.W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Lifting and carrying heavy loads occur frequently among ironworkers and result in high prevalence and incidence rates of low back complaints, injuries and work-disability. From a health perspective, little information is available on the effect of team lifting on work demands and workload. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of team lifting of maximally 50 kg by two ironworkers (T50) with team lifting of maximally 100 kg by four ironworkers (T100). This study combined a field and laboratory study with the following outcome measures: duration and frequency of tasks and activities, energetic workload, perceived discomfort …and maximal compression forces (Fc peak) on the low back. The physical work demands and workload of an individual iron worker during manual handling of rebar materials of 100 kg with four workers did not differ from the manual handling of rebar materials of 50 kg with two workers, with the exception of low back discomfort and Fc peak. The biomechanical workload of the low back exceeded for both T50 and T100 the NIOSH threshold limit of 3400N. Therefore, mechanical transport or other effective design solutions should be considered to reduce the biomechanical workload of the low back and the accompanying health risks among iron workers. Show more

Keywords: Team lifting, Physical work demands, Workload, Prevention, Construction work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0003-3771

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3771-3773, 2012

Authors: Andrade, Isabela Fernandes | Ely, e Vera Helena Moro Bins

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The enforcement of accessibility today has faced several difficulties, such as intervention in historic buildings that now house public services and cultural activities, such as town halls, museums and theaters and should allow access, on equal terms to all people. The paper presents the application of a method for evaluating the spatial accessibility conditions and their results. For this, we sought to support the theoretical foundation about the main issue involved and legislation. From the method used - guided walks - it was possible to identify the main barriers to accessibility in historic buildings. From the identified barriers, possible solutions …are presented according to the four components of accessibility: spatial orientation, displacement, use and communication. It is hoped also that the knowledge gained in this research contributes to an improvement of accessibility legislation in relation to the listed items. Show more

Keywords: spatial accessibility, impaired people, method, public buildings, historic heritage

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0675-3774

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3774-3780, 2012

Authors: Costa, Ana Paula Lima | Villarouco, Vilma

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The open-plan office is a layout used in government offices in Brazil aimed at saving on space occupied and integrating employees. However, the design of these work-stations must follow the characteristics of tasks and their interrelationships, since adverse physical and organizational conditions may have a negative impact on work productivity. From this perspective, this study sought to identify, from the viewpoint of the ergonomics of the built environment, the adequacy of the open-plan government offices for financial auditing accounts and analyzing documents. Use was made of the Ergonomic Methodology for Evaluating the Built Environment - MEAC (in Portuguese) which systematically …analyzes the physical space, by using a mix of physical-spatial assessments and tools for identifying how the environment is perceived. The MEAC was employed in three analytical phases of the physical aspects, namely: an analytical phase of the user’s perception; a diagnostic phase; and a final phase of propositions. Show more

Keywords: built environment, organizational culture, environmental perception

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0678-3781

Citation: Work, vol. 41, no. Supplement 1, pp. 3781-3787, 2012