Technology and Disability - Volume 6, issue 3

Authors: Mann, William C.

Article Type: Introduction

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6301

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 135-136, 1997

Authors: Scadden, Lawrence A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Specialized tools and technologies continue to provide people with disabilities increased independence, productivity, and quality of life. Independent use of the rapidly evolving Internet with audio, braille, and large-character displays has resulted in improved independent access to large amounts of information. Anticipated continued access to the evolving World Wide Web and its associated browser software should provide even more independent access to information for people with visual impairments. Emerging digital storage and retrieval of audio information on cassettes, computer disks, and compact disks are also being used for improved storage and random retrieval of information. Audio displays are also being …used with improved reading machines, laboratory instrumentation, and the presentation of higher level mathematics. Innovative tactile displays are providing access to two- and three-dimensional graphical information. Orientation of blind travelers is being improved through the use of audible signage, interactive computerized maps, and satellite-based global positioning systems. People with low vision are beginning to benefit from high-technology vision enhancement systems worn as ‘heads-up’ closed-circuit systems that may improve information access and independent travel. Exciting research is beginning to suggest that visual restoration may be possible through either technology implants or tissue transplantation. Specialized products and use of universal design of mass market products continue to provide the expectation that individuals with visual impairments will continue to obtain increased independence through the use of technology. Show more

Keywords: Visual impairment, Information access, Audio displays, Tactile displays, Universal design

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6302

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 137-145, 1997

Authors: Stuen, Cynthia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Awareness of age-related vision impairment and its functional impact on the older adult is critical for gerontological health and human service providers and technology developers. The goal is to alleviate functional disability due to age-related vision loss through vision rehabilitation services including peer support, and adaptive technology.

Keywords: Vision loss, Visual disability

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6303

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 147-158, 1997

Authors: Mount, Julie | Gitlin, Laura N. | Howard, Paul D.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Travel aids are essential to support the full integration of visually impaired adults into work, leisure and self-care activities. However, the unnatural postures, sustained muscle contractions and repetitive motions involved in using travel aids put travelers at risk for musculoskeletal problems resulting in pain. Little is known about the physical consequences of using travel aids. This paper analyzes physical issues related to travel aid use based on focus groups with 21 users of white canes and dog guides. Cane users described pain in the wrist and back related to manipulation of the cane. They experienced discomfort from ‘stabbing’ by their …canes when walking on cracked sidewalks. Persons assisted by dogs complained of shoulder, wrist, and back pains attributed to being pulled, and shin and heel pain related to increased walking speeds. Cane and dog users complained of tension in the back during travel and pain in the arm and back associated with carrying heavy loads unilaterally. Recommendations are made for reducing travel-related discomfort through exercise, education, and technology. Suggestions are presented for future research based on this study's findings. Show more

Keywords: Assistive devices, Blindness, Musculoskeletal problems, Visual impairment

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6304

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 159-167, 1997

Authors: Stone, John | Mann, William | Mann, Jennifer | Hurren, Dianne

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the increasing incidence of low vision, especially among older persons, magnifying devices can play an important role in maintaining functional independence and quality of life. However, high rates of dissatisfaction with magnifiers have been reported. This study sought to identify factors which contribute to dissatisfaction and to correct them. Older persons who had reported dissatisfaction with their magnifiers were given the opportunity to see and try out a variety of magnifiers and lighting arrangements and to make a choice with input from informed persons. Demonstrations and training were also provided. Under these conditions, almost all of the cases reported …satisfaction with their new magnifiers. Three case studies are included to illustrate some of the findings. Discussion centers on features of service systems which would increase the probability of the successful provision of magnifiers. These features include: the opportunity to choose among different magnifiers, professional assessment and guidance, training in device use, home trials and proper lighting. Show more

Keywords: Low vision, Magnifiers, Lighting, Older persons

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6305

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 169-175, 1997

Authors: Mann, William C. | Hurren, Dianne | Tomita, Machiko | Charvat, Barbara

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper provides a follow-up to an earlier report on assistive device needs of older persons with vision impairments. In the earlier report we described a sample of 30 visually impaired elders based on a single interview with each subject. In this current paper we describe a sample of 38 elders with vision impairment at two points in time: an initial interview and assessment and a follow-up 2 years later. We explore changes over 2 years in demographics, health, psycho-social and functional status, problems experienced in the home environment, and use of assistive devices.

Keywords: Aging, Vision impairment, Assistive devices, Functional status, Longitudinal study

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6306

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 177-189, 1997

Authors: Senge, Jeffrey C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: For individuals who are blind or visually impaired, accessing the information they need throughout their daily lives can be challenging. Today, many low-tech and high-tech solutions exist which can improve access to information for such individuals. In this article, the author shares some of the ways he has used technology to compensate for his own lifelong visual impairment. Practical examples and strategies as well as personal observations of future information access issues are presented.

Keywords: Blindness, Disability, Technology, Assistive, Adaptive

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6307

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 191-198, 1997

Authors: Brown, Denise L.

Article Type: Correction

Keywords: Functional electrical stimulation, Spinal cord injury, Older adolescence, Personal independence, Handicap, Self-image, Quality of life, Assistive technology match

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6308

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 199-216, 1997

Article Type: Calendar

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6309

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 217-219, 1997

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6310

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 221-221, 1997

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6311

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 223-224, 1997

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/TAD-1997-6312

Citation: Technology and Disability, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 225-225, 1997