Abstract: Specialized tools and technologies continue to provide people with disabilities increased independence, productivity, and quality of life. Independent use of the rapidly evolving Internet with audio, braille, and large-character displays has resulted in improved independent access to large amounts of information. Anticipated continued access to the evolving World Wide Web and its associated browser software should provide even more independent access to information for people with visual impairments. Emerging digital storage and retrieval of audio information on cassettes, computer disks, and compact disks are also being used for improved storage and random retrieval of information. Audio displays are also being used with improved reading machines, laboratory instrumentation, and the presentation of higher level mathematics. Innovative tactile displays are providing access to two- and three-dimensional graphical information. Orientation of blind travelers is being improved through the use of audible signage, interactive computerized maps, and satellite-based global positioning systems. People with low vision are beginning to benefit from high-technology vision enhancement systems worn as ‘heads-up’ closed-circuit systems that may improve information access and independent travel. Exciting research is beginning to suggest that visual restoration may be possible through either technology implants or tissue transplantation. Specialized products and use of universal design of mass market products continue to provide the expectation that individuals with visual impairments will continue to obtain increased independence through the use of technology.
