Spectroscopy - Volume 23, issue 5-6

Authors: Shadgan, Babak | Reid, W. Darlene | Gharakhanlou, Reza | Stothers, Lynn | Macnab, Andrew John

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The majority of in vivo applications of near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) monitoring use continuous wave instruments that require a fiberoptic cable connection between the subject and the instrument during monitoring. In studies of muscle physiology where subjects are exercising, and particularly in those who are engaged in sports activity, a wireless instrument with telemetric capacity provides obvious advantages. Having access to reliable telemetric NIRS technology will also increase the practicality and scope of this biomedical monitoring technique in clinical settings. We report the feasibility of using a wireless continuous wave NIRS instrument with light emitting diodes, spatially resolved configuration, and …Bluetooth® capability to study skeletal muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics during isometric contraction and ischemia induction. In ten healthy subjects comparable patterns of change in chromophore concentration (oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin), total hemoglobin and muscle oxygen saturation were observed during 3 sets of isometric voluntary forearm muscle contraction at 10, 30 and 50% of maximum voluntary capacity (MVC), and a period of ischemia generated subsequently. This small series indicates that data with good intra- and inter-subject reproducibility that is free of movement artifact can be obtained with the wireless NIRS instrument described. The validity of these muscle studies demonstrate a basis for applying wireless NIRS monitoring to other biomedical applications. Show more

Keywords: NIRS, chromophore concentration, perfusion, oxygen consumption, isometric exercise, muscle ischemia, non-invasive measurement, telemetry

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0391

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 233-241, 2009

Authors: Sebbe, Priscilla Fróes | Villaverde, Antônio Balbin | Moreira, Leonardo Marmo | Barbosa, Ana Maria | Veissid, Nelson

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This work describes experimental tests done using the LED-therapy equipment developed for neonatal jaundice treatment. Neonatal phototherapy consists in the irradiation of jaundice new-born with a high intensity light, in the spectral range of 400–500 nm, in order to promote the photochemical transformation of the bilirubin molecules in the areas exposed to the light. A convenient light source for jaundice treatment can be obtained employing blue LEDs, which are simple devices that present low cost, small heating production, narrow spectral band and long life-time. Equipment using an array with 88 blue LEDs (emission peak at 472 nm with 50 nm …bandwidth) was constructed, optically characterized and then validated in comparison with a commercial equipment of phototherapy, i.e., the Fluorescent Conventional. For the device validation, experiments were undertaken employing male Wistar rats, to which the hyperbilirubinemia was induced by the obstruction of the billi duct. Using the LED-therapy equipment, it was obtained a reduction by 78% of the indirect bilirubin concentration against only 39% referent to the commercial Fluorescent Conventional, both for 8 h of treatment. For a period of 24 h, the reduction was 92% and 76%, respectively. Thus, the novel LED-therapy equipment was more efficient for photodegradation of the bilirubin molecules in animal model, when compared with the Conventional equipment. The novel prototype present requisites to be applied in clinical treatments, such as a large and uniform area of irradiation, efficient wavelength emission for jaundice treatment, high spectral irradiance, simplicity and low values of weight, heating and cost. Therefore, the new device is candidate to systematic applications in phototherapy treatments. Show more

Keywords: LEDs device prototype, phototherapy, hyperbilirubinemia, common-bile-duct obstruction

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0392

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 243-255, 2009

Authors: Xue, Mao-Yun | Yang, Ai-Ping | Ma, Mei-Hua | Li, Xiao-Hua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and prulifloxacin was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy in this paper. Two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy was applied to the analysis of fluorescence spectra. The results of spectroscopic measurements suggested that prulifloxacin (PL) have a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin through static quenching procedure. Thermodynamic parameter enthalpy changes (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS) were calculated. Owing to the spectral resolution enhancement in 2D correlation spectroscopy, the structure change of prulifloxacin can be observed.

Keywords: Prulifloxacin, bovine serum albumin, fluorescence quenching, two-dimensional fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0396

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 257-263, 2009

Authors: Sathya Devi, V. | Chidi, Obiora O. | Coleman, Denis

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The thermal melting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence of excipients like ethanol and sucrose was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy at physiological pH in phosphate buffered saline. Calculated apparent Tm values were used to assess the thermal stability using two state fitted experimental curves. 0.5 M sucrose stabilized the BSA indicated by the increase in Tm of ~8°C when compared to the Tm of the same solution measured in the absence of sucrose. Conversely, in the presence of varying concentrations of ethanol (2–20%), the protein was destabilized by a decrease of ~3–10°C of Tm …. In the binary mixture of sucrose and ethanol, the Tm values showed that ethanol dominantly destabilized BSA in the presence of sucrose, possibly by weakening the hydrophobic interactions in the protein. Show more

Keywords: Ethanol, sucrose, bovine serum albumin, circular dichroism spectroscopy

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0400

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 265-270, 2009

Authors: Wu, Yun | Mao, Hui | Zhao, Bo | Shen, Jian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The interaction of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CL) to bovine hemoglobin (BHb) under physiological conditions was investigated by using UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular modeling. The fluorescence intensity of BHb decreased regularly with the gradual increasing concentration of CL. It is observed that there was a prominent interaction between CL and BHb. The fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching is a static process, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to the Van't Hoff equation. The alternations of protein secondary structure in the presence of CL were determined by the evidence of CD. Molecular modeling study that corroborate …our experimental results revealed that the binding mode of CL–BHb complex could be attributed to the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding, but electronic interaction cannot be excluded. Show more

Keywords: Interaction, clenbuterol hydrochloride, bovine hemoglobin, spectroscopic techniques, molecular modeling methods

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0397

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 271-279, 2009

Authors: Muntean, Cristina M. | Bratu, Ioan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper the Raman total half bandwidths of eight genomic DNAs from leaf tissues [potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata L.), scopolia (Scopolia carniolica Jacq.), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens D. Don. Endl.), orchids (Cymbidium × hybrida), chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat.) and common sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.)] have been measured. The dependencies of the total half bandwidths and of the global relaxation times, on DNA molecular subgroup structure and on the type of genomic plant DNA, are reported. It is shown that changes in the (sub)picosecond dynamics of molecular subgroups in genomic DNAs from leaf tissues can be monitored …with Raman spectroscopy. Particularly, the Raman band parameters for the vibrations at 879 cm−1 (deoxyribose, dA), 1047 cm−1 (CO stretching C–O–P–O–C, dG), 1089 cm−1 (P–O symmetric stretching of PO2 − ), 1124 cm−1 (dA), 1272 cm−1 (dC, dG, dT), 1276 cm−1 (dC), 1455 cm−1 (deoxyribose, dA, dC, dT) and 1482 cm−1 (dG, dA) of genomic leaf tissues DNAs are presented. In our study, the full widths at half-maximum (FWHM) of the bands in genomic DNAs from leaf tissues are typically in the wavenumber range from 7.8 to 23.1 cm−1 . It can be observed that the molecular relaxation processes studied in this work, have a global relaxation time smaller than 1.36 ps and larger than 0.46 ps. The fastest and the slowest relaxation processes of different DNA structural subgroups, for several types of genomic DNA extracted from leaf tissue, have been analyzed. Particularly, the slowest dynamics corresponding to the vibration near 1272 cm−1 takes place in the case of DNA extracted from common sundew (global relaxation time 1.36 ps). A comparison between different time scales of the vibrational energy transfer processes, characterizing several DNA complexes, has been given. We have found that the bands at 879 cm−1 (deoxyribose, phosphodiester, dA) and 1455 cm−1 (deoxyribose, dA, dC, dT) are suitable for the study of dynamical behavior of molecular subgroups in genomic DNA extracted from leaf tissues. Specific molecular relaxation processes, depending on the type of genomic DNA extracted from leaf tissues has been observed. Show more

Keywords: (Sub)picosecond dynamics, genomic DNA, leaf tissue, FT-Raman spectroscopy

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0399

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 281-289, 2009

Authors: Ahmed, M. Khalique | Amiama, Frank | Sealy, Earl A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Half dozen microorganisms (Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were cultivated, and their infrared spectra were recorded in the attenuated total reflection mode. Both the intensities and frequencies of the B-DNA and Z-DNA bands in the spectral region of 1250–900 cm−1 were found to be different for different microorganisms. We suggest that characterization and identification of microorganisms may be possible through analysis of their DNA bands only without the analysis of the full range (4000–700 cm−1 ) of their infrared spectra.

Keywords: Microorganisms, attenuated total reflection, FT-IR, DNA, characterization, identification

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0394

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 291-297, 2009

Authors: Tirmizi, Syed Ahmed | Nadeem, Shafqat | Hameed, Abdul | Wattoo, Muhammad Hamid Sarwar | Anwar, Aneela | Ansari, Zameer Ahmed | Ahmad, Saeed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Reactions of K2 [PdCl4 ] with heterocyclic thiones in molar ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 in water-methanol medium yielded the palladium(II) complexes with the general formula of either [Pd(L)Cl2 ], [Pd(L)2 ]Cl2 or [Pd(L)4 ]Cl2 where L = Imidazolidine-2-thione (Imt), 2-Mercaptopyridine (Mpy), 2-Mercaptopyrimidine (Mpm), 6-Mercaptopurine (6-Mp) and Thionicotinamide (Tna). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic (IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR) methods. An upfield shift in the >C=S resonance of thiones in 13 C NMR and downfield shift in N–H or aromatic proton resonances in 1 H NMR are consistent with the sulfur coordination …to palladium(II). The complexes were screened for antibacterial activity, and the results showed that the complexes exhibited moderate activities as compared to that of a standard drug. Show more

Keywords: Palladium(II), thiones, NMR spectroscopy, antibacterial activity

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0387

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 299-306, 2009

Authors: Doiron, K.J. | Yu, P. | Christensen, C.R. | Christensen, D.A. | McKinnon, J.J.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Mid-IR techniques were used to characterize any changes that occurred on a molecular level in flaxseed that had been heated using an autoclave. The objectives were to investigate the effects of autoclave heating on differences in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SFTIRM) based measurements of the protein α-helix to β-sheet ratio for flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), cv. Vimy. Hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were also conducted to identify molecular differences in the DRIFT spectra. Flaxseed samples were kept raw for the control or autoclaved in batches at 120°C for 20, …40 or 60 min for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. DRIFT analysis of protein secondary structure ratios showed a decrease (P<0.05) in the α-helix to β-sheet ratio for the whole seed while the results from synchrotron SFTIRM spot data from the endosperm tissue in flaxseed showed autoclaving had the opposite effect (P>0.05). CLA and PCA were successfully used to make distinctions between the different treatment spectra and showed enhanced sensitivity upon selection of a smaller spectral window to include only the amide I and II portion of the IR spectrum. Our results indicated that autoclaving had a great enough effect on the mid-IR spectrum of flaxseed to identify the altered α-helix to β-sheet ratio and subsequently differentiated between the treatments using PCA and CLA suggesting greater sensitivity of mid-IR spectral methods in identifying the effect of heat treatment on protein secondary structure. Future study is needed to quantify the relationship between protein secondary structure and protein functionality. Show more

Keywords: Molecular structure, flaxseed protein, synchrotron IR, spectroscopic techniques

DOI: 10.3233/SPE-2009-0393

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 307-322, 2009

Article Type: Other

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 323-327, 2009

Article Type: Other

Citation: Spectroscopy, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 329-330, 2009