Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Karaşan, Ali | Kahraman, Cengiz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Location selection for a freight village is extremely important since it has strong impacts on quality of life such as reduction of traffic congestion, reduction of carbon emission, and effective use of lands. The inclusion of such criteria in a location selection requires the fuzzy sets to be used in the decision making methodology. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated fuzzy decision model for the location selection of freight villages. In this integrated methodology, we use DEMATEL for determining the most effective criteria and their inner and outer dependencies; ANP for weighting the determined criteria; and TOPSIS for …finding the best location alternative. The proposed model is applied to a case study for the city of Istanbul in Turkey. Show more

Keywords: Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, DEMATEL, ANP, TOPSIS, freight village

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-17169

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2017

Authors: Balaji, A. Jayanth | Harish Ram, D.S. | Nair, Binoy B.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  Automated metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an integral part of a smart grid. Employing the data collected by the AMI from the consumers to generate accurate electricity consumption forecasts can help the utility in significantly improving the quality of service delivered to the consumer. Design and empirical validation of machine learning based electric energy consumption forecasting systems, is presented in the present study. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) based models are designed and evaluated. One of the major aspects of the work is that the proposed consumption forecasting systems …are designed as generalized models, i.e. one single model can be used to generate forecasts for any of the consumers considered, as opposed to the conventional technique of generating a separate model for each consumer. The forecasting systems are designed to generate half-hour-ahead and two-hour-ahead electric energy consumption forecasts. The proposed systems are validated on data for 485 Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) consumers in the CER electric energy consumption dataset. Results indicate that the models proposed in the present study result in good consumption forecast accuracy are hence, well suited for generating electric energy consumption forecast models. Show more

Keywords: CNN, electric energy consumption forecast, ELM, GRU, LSTM, machine learning

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169965

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2018

Authors: Umadevi, K.S. | Balakrishnan, P. | Kousalya, G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Operational Technology (OT) often refers to the industrial control systems which are used to monitor and control the devices and processes of critical infrastructure like, water treatment plant, power grid and sewage systems. Conventionally, these OT systems are completely isolated from Information Technology (IT) infrastructure to protect their processes and devices against cyber-attacks. However, the convergence of IT and OT is inevitable to improvise the remote management of physical devices and to enhance the production by incorporating data-driven decision making by accessing and analyzing their real-time data. To achieve this, the isolated OT systems and devices need to be accessed …using Internet. However, this interconnection leads both the sensor and control data of OT systems vulnerable to cyber-attacks. This research work extends our previous intrusion detection system that identifies anomalies which are deviated from process-invariants in secured water treatment (SWaT) test-bed data obtained from Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD). Additionally, it proposes process-invariants based timed automata wherein the attack and its detection model are represented as timed automata. The proposed system is implemented and validated using UPPAAL, a tool for validating real-time systems represented as networks of timed automata. The results conclude that the proposed system effectively identifies the attacks considered thereby recommending the timed automata as an operational tool for detecting the data-integrity attacks in critical infrastructures. The highly reported attacks that include level indicators, motorized valves, pressure indicators and analyzer indicators are detected successfully by the proposed system. Using the results, Stage 1 and Stage 3 are highly vulnerable. Show more

Keywords: Cyber physical system, intrusion detection system, timed automata, UPPAAL

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169961

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2018

Authors: Jacob, Naveen Varghese | Sowmya, V. | Soman, K.P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  Hyperspectral Image (HSI) store the reflectance values of a single scene or object in several continuous bands of electromagnetic spectrum. When the image is recorded, the information in some of the spectral bands gets mixed with noise. The classification accuracy of hyperspectral image varies inversely with the quantity and nature of noise present in the cluster of spectral bands. Thus, denoising is a fundamental prerequisite in image processing applications like classification, unmixing, etc. In this paper, we compare the effect of denoising via classification using Vectorized Convolutional Neural Network (VCNN), kernel based Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Grand Unified Regularized …Least Squares (GURLS) classifiers. The classifiers are provided with raw data (without denoising) and denoised data using spectral and spatial Least Square (LS) techniques. The data given to the network are in the form of pixels, so we call the convolutional neural network (CNN) as VCNN. The experiments are performed on three standard HSI datasets. The performance of the classifiers are evaluated based on overall and class-wise accuracy. Show more

Keywords: Hyperspectral Image, CNN, GURLS, LIBSVM, Least Square Denoising, IBBC

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169918

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2018

Authors: Sundaram, Ramakrishnan | Ravichandran, K.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  This paper proposes a prediction system to identify the type of eye diseases like glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The proposed system processes the images captured using the fundus camera that is connected to the computer. The acquired fundus images are fed into the proposed prediction system which can be deployed in the cloud, and it identifies the type of disease. This forms a cyber-physical system. Underdeveloped countries which do not have the necessary infrastructure can utilize this service when this system is deployed in the cloud. For identifying these diseases, ophthalmologists extract parameters manually from the fundus image, which is …a difficult task. Hence, this research work attempts to develop a system to automate the feature extraction from fundus images and with the extracted features, eye diseases are predicted. From the literature, it is found that many research works were focused on the binary classification of any one disease. In this paper, a novel classification methodology is proposed that helps the experts and clinicians to classify Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma and healthy eye images with more accuracy. The proposed system with high accuracy is designed with the following phases: i) image acquisition, ii) image enhancement, iii) local features extraction using Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF), iv) Bag of Features/Visual Words (BoF/BoVW) obtained through k-means clustering of local features, and v) classification using Error-Correcting Output Code (ECOC) linear SVM. It is inferred from the results that proposed method of classification using BoVW provided a maximum accuracy of 92% when compared to other state-of-the-art recent literature. Show more

Keywords: Fundus image, image enhancement, bag of features, support vector machine, classification

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169963

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2018

Authors: Vasudevan, Shriram K | Abhishek, S.N. | Kumar, Vignesh | Aswin, T.S. | Nair, Prashant R

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Mathematics is the cradle of all creations, without which the world cannot move an inch. Mathematical functions are ‘extensively’ used in physics, ‘structurally’ used in graphics, ‘practically’ used in civil engineering, ‘potentially’ used in mechanical engineering and in many other fields as well. One fairly common difficulty faced by the engineers and scientists is to find the right function that solves their problem. This involves a lot of time consuming tasks. The idea proposed here is an android application that captures the mathematical expression using a built-in camera which produces a java code that can be utilized for solving the …inputs of their needs. Along with the code, it also displays a basic plot of the function, which will be more helpful for selecting the apt solution for any problem. There are many applications in the market which can compute the result of a mathematical equation. But, this application will give an executable java code which can be used for further problem solving. So, the application is unique in its way and this is a new dimension of using image processing for code generation. This application supports polynomial, logarithmic, trigonometric and exponential functions up to four variables. Show more

Keywords: Optical character recognition, mathematical equation, code generation, Plot, equation solving

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169922

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2018

Authors: Navdeep, | Goyal, Sonal | Rani, Asha | Singh, Vijander

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is considered as an effective image descriptor as it is based on joint distribution of gray level differences. The main attributes of LBP are discriminatory power, robustness to brilliance change, simplicity and computational efficiency. In contrary LBP is highly sensitive to noise, rotation, non-rigid deformation, view point variations and scaling. Therefore, in the present work an improved version of LBP i.e. ILBP is proposed to overcome the limitations of basic LBP. ILBP replaces the fixed-weighted matrix of basic LBP by a pixel difference matrix. The proposed method is assessed on synthetic as well as real-time images. …The results obtained are compared with LBP and other state-of-the-art edge detection techniques like HLBP, Canny and Sobel methods. The results reveal that performance of ILBP is superior to other edge detection methods under consideration. Further the proposed technique is highly efficient for noisy, blurred and low pixel valued images. Show more

Keywords: Digital radiography imaging, edge extraction, LBP, canny, Sobel

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169916

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2018

Authors: Huang, He | Zeng, Shufang | Sangaiah, Arun Kumar | Wang, Jin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  In contrast to conventional preprocessing aided spatial modulation (PSM), which carries partial information using the indexes of receive antennas, we exploit one receive antenna to implicitly convey information and meanwhile harvest energy at the remaining antennas. Based on this, we propose two novel beamforming schemes. The first scheme is to maximize the sum energy harvested by the receiver. And the second scheme is to maximize the minimum receiving power on each antenna except for the antenna that conveys information. A closed form solution and an iterative algorithm are given, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed two schemes can harvest a …certain amount of energy with nearly same achievable rate compared to the benchmark schemes. But the second scheme is superior to the first scheme and PSM scheme in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance. Show more

Keywords: Space shift keying (SSK), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), transmitter zero forcing (TZF), algorithm design

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169962

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2018

Authors: Ravi, Logesh | Vairavasundaram, Subramaniyaswamy | Palani, Saravanan | Devarajan, Malathi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  With the recent developments in digital technologies, the cultural heritage domain has attracted new researchers to drive technological trends for offering interactive and pleasant experience to users. The emergences of location-based services, recommendation systems, and the internet of things have created a smart research space to support cultural heritage visitors. In this paper, we present an intelligent cultural space through the development of proximity detection method and the deployment of smart sense bricks. The presented intelligent cultural space is supported by the CHXplorer-Information Management System to present multimedia content to the users through our CHXplorer mobile decision-support tool. The CHXplorer …is designed to enhance the satisfaction and enjoyment of the user visiting the cultural heritage sites, and it is capable of generating personalized recommendations to the active target user. The effectiveness and efficiency of the presented CHXplorer are experimentally evaluated and user study made establishes the users’ positive feedback on the system. Show more

Keywords: Cultural heritage, internet of things, intelligent cultural space, social network, personalized recommendations

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169973

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2018

Authors: Mayaluri, Zefree Lazarus | Gupta, Supratim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract:  Accurate detection and localization of eye features under spectacles - is quite a relevant but challenging problem in the application field of Human-Computer Interactive (HCI) systems. The ill-effects caused by the usage of spectacles like occlusion, glare and secondary reflection formation are termed as “The Spectacle Problem.” In this paper, the authors alleviate the spectacle problem by employing a two-image based data fusion approach. Detail-preserving filters like Joint Bilateral Filter (JBF) and Guided Image Filter (GIF) are compared individually, to find out the suitability and consistency of the filters in the proposed data fusion approach. Experimentation on CASIA NIR-VIS 2.0 …and self-generated facial database demonstrate that GIF based filtering approach has higher local and global eye feature preservation capability while mitigating the spectacle problem. Show more

Keywords: Spectacle problem, image fusion, glare-reflection removal, detail preserving filters, eye detection

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-169917

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2018