Human Antibodies - Volume Pre-press, issue Pre-press

Authors: Samsami, Majid | Mehravaran, Elham | Tabarsi, Payam | Javadi, Abdolreza | Arsang-Jang, Shahram | Komaki, Alireza | Taheri, Mohammad | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic in early 2020. This infectious disorder has a heterogeneous course ranging from asymptomatic disorder to a critical situation needing intensive cares. In the current study, we present a report of affected patients admitted in a single hospital in Iran. Eighty-two hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were assessed. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical parameters were gathered and statistically analyzed. The median age (IQR) of the patients was 57.32 (45.75, 70) years. At primary evaluation, fever was present in 45.12% of the affected individuals. The most common clinical symptoms were dyspnea (81.71%) and cough (65.85%). …Totally, 12 (14.63%) and 14 (17.07%) of patients had low and high WBC counts, respectively. Lymphopenia was detected in 36 (43.9%) of patients, while 6 (7.32%) of patients had lymphocytosis. High levels of Il-6 were detected in 4 (4.88%) of patients. CRP levels were elevated in 69 (84.1%) of patients. The median (IQR) of hospitalization was 7 (5, 9) days. Totally, 26 patients (31%) were hospitalized in ICU. All patients were discharged with good health conditions except for one patient who died. The current study shows the heterogeneous clinical manifestations and paraclinical parameters of COVID-19 patients. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, Iran, demographic data

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200428

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2020

Authors: Assadiasl, Sara | Fatahi, Yousef | Zavvar, Mahdi | Nicknam, Mohammad Hossein

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently caused pandemic Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Considering the serious medical, economic and social consequences of this pandemic and the lack of definite medication and vaccine it is necessary to describe natural immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 in order to exploit them for treating the patients and monitoring the general population. Moreover, detecting the most immunogenic antigens of the virus is fundamental for designing effective vaccines. Antibodies being valuable for diagnostic therapeutic and protective purposes are suitable to be addressed in this context. Herein, we have summarized the findings of serological …investigations and the outcomes of neutralizing antibodies administration in COVID-19 patients. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, corona virus, serological test, neutralizing antibodies

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200429

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2020

Authors: Glassy, Mark C.

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: Pritumumab, a natural human IgG1 kappa antibody was obtained from a regional draining lymph node of a patient with cervical carcinoma through traditional hybridoma technology. Specificity analysis of the target antigen, an altered form of vimentin called, ecto-domain vimentin (EDV), shows it to be limited to cell surface expression on cancer cells. Clinically, 249 brain cancer patients were treated with a low dose pritumumab regimen, either at 1 mg once a week or 1 mg twice a week, and of those evaluated overall response rates of between 25–30% were seen with several complete and partial responses. A clinical trial assessing …higher doses of pritumumab as a therapeutic for brain cancer is expected to begin this year. Overall, these data together suggest pritumumab is suitable for further development as an anti-tumor therapeutic. Show more

Keywords: ???

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200427

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2020

Authors: Al-Baradie, Raid Saleem

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have widely been studied for the immunotherapy of cancer, though their large size appears to limit their functionality in solid tumors, in large part due to unique properties of tumor microenvironment. Smaller formats of antibodies have been developed to throw such restrictions. These small format antibodies include antigen binding fragments, single-chain variable fragments, single variable domain of camelid antibody (so-called nanobody (Nb) or VHH). Since their serendipitous discovery, nanobodies have been studies at length in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from Camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms …of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes out performing monoclonal antibodies. In addition, these small Camelid heavy-chain antibodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. In this review, we shed light on the current status of nanobodies in diagnosis and imaging of tumor and exploiting nanobodies revert immunosuppressive events, modulation of immune checkpoints, and as deliverers of drugs for targeted tumor therapy. Show more

Keywords: Tumor, immunotherapy, nanobodies, tumor microenvironment, single chain antibody, tumor diagnostics, molecular imaging

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200425

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2020

Authors: Beksac, Burcu | Donmez, Hanife Guler | Cagan, Murat | Unal, Canan | Fadiloglu, Erdem | Beksac, Mehmet Sinan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acrochordons are benign hypertrophic lesions of the skin of which the pathophysiology is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association of acrochordons with autoimmune disorders in patients with a poor obstetric history. METHODS: This retrospective cohort involved 350 female patients with poor obstetric history who were included in a preconceptional care program to investigate risk factors for obstetric complications. These patients were further investigated for the co-existence of autoimmune disorders (defined by either a diagnosis of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune antibody positivity) and acrochordons. RESULTS: An autoimmune …disorder was present in 55.7% (195/350) of the patients. The rate of acrochordons was significantly higher in patients with autoimmune disorders (n = 195) compared to the control group (n = 155) (8.21% versus 2.58%, respectively) (p = 0.043). When the autoimmune disease positive (n = 58) and autoimmune antibody-positive (n = 137) groups were separately analyzed, acrochordons were found more frequently in the autoimmune disease group (p = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant co-occurrence of autoimmune antibody positivity and the presence of skin tags (p = 0.135). CONCLUSION: There may be immune system-related biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of acrochordons. Preconceptional counseling is beneficial for women with poor obstetric history and acrochordons. Show more

Keywords: Autoimmune disease, skin tag, acrochordon, pregnancy, obstetric complications

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200426

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-5, 2020

Authors: Mohammadi, Mahan | Irani, Shiva | Salahshourifar, Iman | Hosseini, Jalil | Moradi, Afshin | Pouresmaeili, Farkhondeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death in many countries. It is important to diagnose the disease in the early stages. Current methods detect the disease with low specificity. Examining the expression of genes responsible for disease and their epigenetic regulators are good tools in this regard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, 40 Iranian patients with cancer, 40 Iranian patients with prostate hyperplasia, and 40 control samples were examined. After blood sampling from each individual, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, GSTP1, HDAC, DNMT3A , and DNMT3B expressions were …measured in three understudy groups using specific primers and Real-Time PCR method. RESULTS: A reverse correlation was identified between loss of GSTP1 expression and overexpression of HDAC, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B (P value < 0.0001) with a beneficial pattern of cancer development with high efficiency. The significant decrease of GSTP1 expression in patients in comparison to the healthy controls and the elevated expression levels of the studied epigenetic regulators in PCA and BPH samples indicate the impact of the regulators on GSTP1 expression activity. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the measurement of combined GSTP1 and its epigenetic regulators’ expression could be used as suitable genetic markers for the detection and separation of healthy individuals from prostatic patient groups in the Iranian population. However, a similar study in a larger population of case and control could help us to distinguish between normal, benign, and malignant conditions. Show more

Keywords: GSTP1, HDAC, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, quantitative Real-time PCR, prognosis

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200424

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Gebru, Addis Adera | Birhanu, Tadesse | Wendimu, Eshetu | Ayalew, Agumas Fentahun | Mulat, Selamawit | Abasimel, Hussen Zakir | Kazemi, Ali | Tadesse, Bosenu Abera | Gebru, Beniam Adera | Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta | Zeleke, Nigus Shimelis | Girma, Abebe Gule | Munkhbat, Bulgantsetseg | Yusuf, Qamar Kassim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most burden respiratory diseases outbreak. Moreover, the public health emergency to fight COVID-19 outbreak was stated by world health organization as global health concern since March, 2020. However, there has been significantly increased morbidity and moratlity of the community in worldwide.The objective of the review was to describe and review the global public health significances and community and health care perception on features, treatments, prevention and control methods of the Outbreak to slow transmission. METHODS: In this review, the literatures were searched by following online …databases which include medRxiv, pubmed, medline and Google scholar databases. The ‘COVID-19’, ‘2019 novel coronavirus’, ‘2019-nCoV’, ‘novel coronavirus’and ‘Pneumonia’ key search terms were used to search the literatures. Scientific papers published online by Center for Disease Control (CDC) and WHO from 1 January to 6 May, 2020 in English language were included for analysis. RESULTS: The result of review indicated that COVID-19 is the serious global public health problem. It more affects immune compromised individuals who are living with chronic diseases, aged and pregnant women. The disease spreads rapidly from one country to countries worldwidely. The 212 countries were highlighted the weakened state of essential public health emergency services. The researchers were addressed lack of communities’ perception including health professionals’ against COVID-19. The Show more

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200422

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2020

Authors: Gebru, Addis Adera | Birhanu, Tadesse | Wendimu, Eshetu | Ayalew, Agumas Fentahun | Mulat, Selamawit | Abasimel, Hussen Zakir | Kazemi, Ali | Tadesse, Bosenu Abera | Gebru, Beniam Adera | Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta | Zeleke, Nigus Shimelis | Girma, Abebe Gule | Munkhbat, Bulgantsetseg | Yusuf, Qamar Kassim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 is the major public health burden in the world. The disease and death of the global community from corona virus disaes 19 rapidly increasing from time to time worldwide. However, there was a lack of well-organized information about the level of risk, effects, prevention and control methods of the disease. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify and review a published level of risk, effects response to potential health emergencies, prevention, and control methods of Coronavirus Disease 2019 at the global level. METHODS: A systematic review was performed …after literatures were identified by searching the following online databases: medRxiv, Google scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library with supplementary hand searching of conferences. The online databases contain archives of most English biomedical journals. Scientific papers published online by the Center for Disease Control and the World Health Organization were also included for this analysis. The scientific publications from 1 December, 2019 to 13 April 2020. were included. The ‘COVID-19’, ‘2019 novel coronavirus’, ‘2019-nCoV’, ‘novel coronavirus’, and ‘Pneumonia’ key search terms were used in this review. RESULTS: Twenty published articles with reputable journals met the inclusion criteria, representing 20 articles analyses. From these, 11 (55%) in China and 3 (15%) in United State of America. All the 20 were statistical analyses of individual patient data, while 33 used decision-analytic modeling. The overall structures were most commonly described as being Markov (n = 27) but, the methods were heterogeneous. The World Health Organization was reported that most frequently world communities including health care providers were ‘alive’ or ‘dead’, with COVID-19 related outcomes such as hospitalization and other enclosed Show more

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200421

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2020

Authors: Khani, Maryam | Hosseini, Jalil | Habibi, Mohsen | Mirfakhraie, Reza | Sadeghzadeh, Zahra | Pouresmaeili, Farkhondeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) increases in some pathologic conditions like cancer. We aimed to investigate the correlation between some individual factors and the ccfDNA level in peripheral blood of Iranian in relation to prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 30 patients with prostate cancer (PCa), 40 with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and 30 controls were studied. Personal information, ccfDNA concentration, and the integrity index were assessed for the correlation between the disease and different factors. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: In PCa group, no association was found between total …ccfDNA, BMI, BPH background, non-cancerous diseases, medications, PCa length, and job (p -value > 0.05). But, total ccfDNA had statistical associations with weight, family history of cancer, and location (p -value < 0.05). No association was between the integrity of ccfDNA, weight, the background of BPH, and family history of cancer. But, the integrity of ccfDNA was significantly associated with BMI and PCa length (p -value < 0.05). In BPH group, no association between total ccfDNA or the integrity of ccfDNA and the assessed factors was obtained (p -value > 0.05). In the normal group, neither statistical association was found between total ccfDNA, weight, BMI, and job, nor between the integrity of ccfDNA, weight, BMI, non-cancerous disease, drug, job, and location (p -value > 0.05). But, a statistical association was found between the integrity of ccfDNA and family history of cancer in the recent group (Based on 95% CI and P -value less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: ccfDNA and its integrity as possible prostate cancer biomarkers under the influence of individuals’ physiological status are prone to the pathologic changes toward the disease. Further simultaneous study of the target groups could clarify this matter. Show more

Keywords: ccfDNA, correlation, individuality, individual factors

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200419

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2020

Authors: Gebru, Addis Adera | Birhanu, Tadesse | Wendimu, Eshetu | Ayalew, Agumas Fentahun | Mulat, Selamawit | Abasimel, Hussen Zakir | Kazemi, Ali | Tadesse, Bosenu Abera | Gebru, Beniam Adera | Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta | Zeleke, Nigus Shimelis | Girma, Abebe Gule | Munkhbat, Bulgantsetseg | Yusuf, Qamar Kassim

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is the major public health burden in the world. The morbidity and mortality of global community due to this disease is dramatically increasing from time to time. OBJECTIVE: This situational analysis is aimed to analysis prevalence, and incidence of COVID-19 and to provide clear information about this disease for the scientific community, stakeholders and healthcare practitioners and decision-makers. METHODS: The literatures were identified by searching the key relevant and officially known online databases: medRxiv, Google scholar and PubMed. The online databases contain archives of most English …biomedical journals and scientific papers published online from 31 December to 3 April 2020 were included. After the literature search, articles were screened independently by two reviewers for eligibility. RESULTS: The world continents have confirmed a total of 1,202,320 confirmed COVID-19 cases: (51.2%) in Europe, (27.7%) in North America, (17.9%) in Asia, (1.96%) in South America and at less number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa and Australia which was accounted 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. However, this review showed that there was significantly increased the confirmed COVID-19 cases by 109,555 in Asia, 8,658 in Africa, 332,866 in North America, 20,269 in South America, 568,894 in Europe, 5,051 in Australia and 1,045,403 in the whole world continent except Antarctica during the review period. The overall results showed that there were 1,098,762 cases and 59,172 deaths have recorded from during the review period. The result zero number of deaths with COVID-19 was observed in 66 countries. CONCLUSION: The review concluded that COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 is the major public health burden in the world, the morbidity and mortality of global community is dramatically increasing from time to time. Strongly collaboration among all sectors and then design effective prevention and control strategies which include staying home, social/physical distancing, quarantine, testing of suspected patients, isolation and managing of the confirmed cases. Therefore, the world continents countries should have to implement five major COVID-19 prevention and control programmes as soon as possible at community level. Show more

Keywords: COVID-19, confirmed cases, deaths, prevention and control, review

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200420

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2020