Human Antibodies - Volume 28, issue 3

Authors: Astaneh, Maliheh | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh | Fazeli, Zahra | Taherian-Esfahani, Zahra | Dashti, Sepideh | Motevaseli, Elahe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have highlighted the role of natural elements in reduction of cancer cell growth and apoptosis. Koenimbine, a natural product isolated from Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng is a substance with cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. AIM: The effects of koenimbine on HT-29 and SW48 colon cancer cells were evaluated by MTT and Annexin V assays. Expression levels of Wnt/β -catenin pathway genes were quantified by real time PCR. RESULTS: The IC50 values of koenimbine in HT-29 and SW48 was calculated to be 50 μ g/ml based on the …results of MTT assay. This value was 75 μ g/ml in IEC-18 cells which were used as normal control. Annexin V assays revealed induction of cell apoptosis and necrosis in HT-29 and SW48 cells but not IEG18 cells by koenimbine. Koenimbin treatment resulted in significant down-regulation of CYCLD1 expression in SW48 cell line, but up-regulation of this gene in HT29 cell line. Expression of TBLR1, DKK1, GSK3B and β -catenin was significantly decreased after koenimbin treatment in HT-19 cell line. Moreover, expression of DKK1 and GSK3B was significantly decreased after koenimbin treatment in SW-40 cell line. TCF4 expression was not detected in any of cell lines either before or after treatment with koenimbin. CONCLUSION: The current in vitro study showed the cytotoxic effects of koenimbin on two colon cancer cell lines and the effects of this substance on expression of selected genes from Wnt-β catenin pathway. Future in vivo studies are needed before suggestion of this substance as an anti-cancer drug. Show more

Keywords: Koenimbine, colon cancer, Wnt-β catenin

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200405

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 185-190, 2020

Authors: Malekghasemi, Somaiyeh | Majidi, Jafar | Daneshvar, Hamid | Abdolalizadeh, Jalal | Aghebati-Maleki, Leili

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Antibodies are still widely used in several programs including early research, imaging, Targeting drug delivery system, Affinity chromatography, flowcytometry technic, diagnosis and treatment. Purification of antibody is a standard approach for detection of infection agent in different species. The reservoir hosts for Leishmania infantum are Dogs and they have active role in the transmission of leishmania to humans by the bite of a sand fly belonging to genus Phlebotomus and Lutzomiya . Consequently, elimination of dogs in endemic areas and vaccination of dogs contributes to reduction of the human and canine VL cases. Serological antibody tests such as …IFAT (Indirect Fluorescent Antbody Test), DFAT (Direct Fluorescent Antbody Test), ELISA (Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbent Assay), PCR (Polymerase chain Reaction Assay) have been extensively used to investigate canine infection with L. infantum. In this study we produced and purified polyclonal antibody against attenuated and wild type leishmania infantum in dogs. Anti-leishmania in dog serums precipitated with ammonium sulphate. The IgG recovered from ammonium sulphate precipitation was subject to ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and the purity of IgG was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reduced condition. The purity of proteins were above 95% and then purified IgG was conjugated with FITC. We determined optimum titer of dog IgG by observation parasites under fluorescent microscope. The optimum dilution of prepared FITC conjugated dog IgG was 1: 400. This polyclonal antibody can be used for other applications in research, diagnosis and clinic. Show more

Keywords: Leishmania infantum, purification, Dog polyclonal antibody

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200406

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 191-195, 2020

Authors: Maleki, Parichehr | Sadeghi, Zahra | Shahryar Rahpeyma, Sayyed | Taheri, Mohammad | Raheb, Jamshid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Graphen oxide has emerged as a promising tool in medical biotechnology due to its outstanding properties applicable in several fields as well as cell imaging, drug and gene delivery. Monolayer structure and high surface area of Graphen benefits elevated loading capacity of drugs rather than other nanomaterials. However Graphen oxide in physiological solutions has unfavourable reactions which confine it’s application in biomedical field without additional surface functionalization. Coating of graphenoxide by polyethylenimine is an approach to enhance biocompatibility of graphen oxide and also provides desirable physicochemical features for oligonucleotides delivery. The data presented here is related to graphenoxide-PEI characterisation and …it’s cytotoxicity assay on variouse breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 by MTT assay. Show more

Keywords: Graphen oxide, PEI, MTT assay, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, MCF7

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200407

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 197-202, 2020

Authors: Younesi, Sarang | Mahdi Taheri Amin, Mohammad | Saadati, Pourandokht | Yazdani, Bahareh | Jamali, Soudabeh | Modarresi, Mohammad-Hossein | Savad, Shahram | Amidi, Saloomeh | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh | Razmpoosh, Elham | Yazarlou, Fatemeh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the current national screening policy for Down syndrome (DS) in Iran and suggest a more efficient protocol with a wealth of a large series of first-trimester screening (FTS) data obtained from Nilou medical laboratory. To fulfill this aim, detection rate (DR), positive screening rate (PSR), false negative rate (FNR) and odds of being affected given a positive results (OAPR) were calculated at different cutoff risk. In the latest update of DS screening program in Iran, there is no place for intermediate group to be further investigated. Next, we proposed a novel parameter namely …the ratio of fβ -hCG multiple of the median (MoM) value to PAPP-A MoM value to delicately categorize FTS results in a way that reduce FNR without imposing unnecessary anxious and extra money on most families. METHODS: The present investigation was conducted retrospectively on 197,210 pregnancies undergoing FTS for aneuploidies in Nilou medical laboratory, Tehran, Iran, from March 2015 to February 2016. RESULTS: Intermediate risk group is important as 23 out of 45 FN fell in the range 1:250 to 1:1100. By applying the proposed index, the ratio of fβ -hCG MoM to PAPP-A MoM and subsequent decision about NIPT, 8 out of 23 FN cases in intermediate group could be detected. CONCLUSION: Compared with the current policy, our novel proposed approach had better performance and could be applied by the Iran National Health Service to improve the screening program guideline. Show more

Keywords: Down syndrome, fβ-hCG, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, PAPP-A

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200408

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 203-210, 2020

Authors: Ahmadianpour, Mohammad Vahid | Mowla, Javad | Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, Fattah | Raheb, Jamshid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Studies on the blood of patients with prostate cancer using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and corona protein size changes have shown that this test is highly specific and sensitive, but this method has not been studied in Iran, and therefore this study intends to perform this procedure using gold nanoparticles in prostate cancer detection. Blood samples of 60 male subjects aged 40–90 years were collected from 20 healthy, 20 benign and 20 prostate cancer patients. Optical scattering changes were measured by the level of gold nanoparticles mixed with these sera, and the responses were compared with the PSA index (Prostate …Specific Antigen) of the subjects. Results of D2/D1 ratio analysis were performed using SPSS statistical software R. No significant differences were found in the size of the corona protein structure between the three groups of males with cancer, males with benign tumor, and healthy males. No correlation was found between the light scattering concentration and PSA serum level Due to changes in ambient temperature, prolonged test duration or high IgG levels in apparently healthy individuals, this test is not feasible in Iran. Performing this test requires advanced equipment to maintain the same temperature that do not exist in Iran. DLS also has major limitations for prostate cancer detection, so it cannot be a simple and accurate method for the early detection of prostate cancer, and it is suggested that other methods be used to diagnose. Show more

Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, cancer, prostate, early detection, active light scattering

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200409

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 211-219, 2020

Authors: Sayad, Arezou | Dehaghi, Mohammadreza Ostadali | Taheri, Mohammad | Fallah, Hamid | Arsang-Jang, Shahram | Shadnoush, Mahdi | Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh | Hamidieh, Amir Ali

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Fanconi anemia includes a number of clinically and genetically diverse disorders all of them being associated with genomic instability. Some previous studies reported higher frequencies of certain HLA alleles in patients with Fanconi anemia. In the current study, we genotyped HLA-A/B/DRB1 alleles in 40 Iranian patients with Fanconi anemia. We also genotyped these alleles in the same number of Iranian sex-matched healthy individuals. The frequency of DRB1*11 was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (OR (95% CI) = 2.143 [1.05, 4.46], P value = 0.036). On the other hand, the …frequencies of DRB1*13 and B*13 were lower in patients compared with controls (OR (95% CI) = 0.134 [0.02, 0.55], P value = 0.003 and OR (95% CI) = 0.13 [0.01, 0.89], P value = 0.035, respectively). Assessment of genetic divergence using Fstat test showed complete divergence in HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 alleles and haplotypes between patients and controls. The current study provides evidences for different distribution of HLA alleles between patients with Fanconi anemia and healthy subjects. Show more

Keywords: Fanconi anemia, HLA-A/B/DRB1 alleles, HLA haplotypes

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200410

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 221-226, 2020

Authors: Maleki, Parichehr | Sheida, Sadaf Valeh | Mowla, Seyed Javad | Soleimani, Vahid | Taheri, Mohammad | Raheb, Jamshid

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: LINK-A (long intergenic non-coding RNA for kinase activation) is a newly identified long non-coding RNA with oncogenic function, which leads to the hyperactivation of AKT and HIF1α . thereby, fosters cell proliferation, mobility and metastasis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), a well-known cytokine has an important role in angiogenesis. In this study, we quantified RNA expression of LINK-A and VEGF on 45 tumor specimens obtained from Iranian patients diagnosed with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). Our goal was to evaluate expression of LINK-A lncRNA and VEGF mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues and find the probable correlation of LINK-A with …VEGF as a major transcription target for HIF1α . LINK-A and VEGF were remarkably overexpressed in EOC tissues compared to normal tissues (P value: 0.004, 0.0001, respectively), but we did not find correlation between LINK-A and VEGF RNA expressions in this study. LINK-A was significantly overexpressed in higher stages of cancer and tumor grades. VEGF was only significantly elevated in higher stages. This study confirms importance of novel lncRNA of LINK-A in Iranian EOC patients. Show more

Keywords: lncRNA, LINK-A, VEGF, Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200411

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 227-232, 2020

Authors: Erhabor, O. | Mohammad, S.Y. | Bello, L. | Onuigwe, F.U. | Abdulrahman, Y. | Zama, I. | Buhari, H. | Bagudo, A. | Ibrahim, K. | Ahmed, M. | Udomah, F.P. | Adias, T.C. | Erhabor, T. | Okara, G.C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global public health problem. The virus has infected more than one-third of the global population. It has been estimated that 360 million chronic carriers are living around the world with a high risk for developing cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and hepatic failure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of some hepatitis B markers among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Sokoto Specialist Hospital, Nigeria. METHODS: The hepatitis testing was carried out using the Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic HBV-5 rapid kit (Skytec-Rapid Diagnostic, USA). The kit …is based on lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in human serum or plasma. Panel format can conveniently test for five targets at once and utilizes all markers to help distinguish between acute and chronic infections. RESULTS: Out of 117 pregnant women tested, 15 were positive for HBsAg (12.8%), 6 positive for HBsAb (5.1%), 1 for HBeAg (0.9%), 14 tested positive for HBeAb (12.0%), and 14 tested for HBcAb (12.0%). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on ethnicity. HBsAb was significantly higher among the Hausa ethnic group (p = 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was not affected by ethnicity (p > 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on age. Infection by the hepatitis B virus markers was higher among young adult and middle age groups. The difference was however not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBcAb and HBcAb was compared based on the educational status, previous history of blood transfusion, jaundice, employment status and previous history of still births among the pregnant subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study observed a high prevalence of various hepatitis B viral markers among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Specialist Hospital Sokoto. There is need for routine screening of all pregnant women and infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers. Government and non-governmental organizations should intensify efforts to enlighten the general population on the public health importance of the disease and the importance of hepatitis screening. There is also need for the development of a treatment protocol for the management of pregnant women positive for hepatitis B to prevent mother to child transmission. There is an urgent need for the implementation of evidenced-based best practice of providing universal vaccination against hepatitis B for all hepatitis B negative women of child bearing age in particular and all Nigerians in general. Show more

Keywords: Prevalence, hepatitis B virus markers, pregnant women, Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200412

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 233-243, 2020

Authors: Erhabor, Osaro | Azachi, Williams Bitty | Tosan, Erhabor

Article Type: Case Report

Abstract: A case report of a 38 years old ABO group A and Rhesus D negative multiparous, gravidae 8 and para 2, Nigerian woman who had a case of premarital miscarriage and who was not offered anti-D prophylaxis as part of her management. Lady went on to develop alloantibody D and Jka. Lady has had 7 further pregnancies post the miscarriage. The first child who is B Rhesus D positive is the only surviving child. The surviving child was delivered severely jaundiced and needed management post-delivery for haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN). Lady has had a history of a …stillbirth. She was given a non-clinically indicated anti-D prophylaxis during the second pregnancy despite having been previously sensitized. The second baby died 3 months after delivery from complications of HDFN. She had had a further history of 5 miscarriages. She has had challenge with conception since 2010. Alloantibody testing confirms the presence alloantibody D and anti-Jka. Finding from this is a clear case of sub-optimal laboratory, obstetric and neonatal care offered particularly to pregnant women who are Rh D negative and those with alloantibodies in Nigeria. The Nigerian government will need to implement evidenced-based best practices; determination of alloantibody status of pregnant women during their first antenatal visit; provision of facilities for alloantibody identification, titration, quantification and feto maternal haemorrhage testing (FMH); implementation of a policy on universal access to anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant Rh D negative women who are not previously sensitized; provision of facilities required for the optimal intrauterine management of HDFN (foetal genotype testing, intrauterine transfusion, doppler ultrasound to diagnose anaemia inutero and provision of donor blood that meet the minimum requirements for intrauterine transfusion); determination of Rh D status of women who require a termination of pregnancy and provision of prophylactic anti-D for those found Rh D negative within 72 hours of procedure and the optimization of the knowledge of Medical Laboratory Scientist, Obstetricians, Neonatologist, Pharmacist and Traditional Birth Attendants in a bid to reduce the residual number of women who become sensitized and the number of preventable deaths of babies with HDFN. Show more

Keywords: Haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, alloantibody, Nigeria, prophylaxis

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-200414

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 245-252, 2020