Human Antibodies - Volume 25, issue 1-2

Authors: Storz, Ulrich

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article discusses the patent strategy underlying the world's best selling drug, AbbVie's Humira® . Despite a non-optimal starting position, AbbVie has established an extensive portfolio to fend off biosimilar competition. This article is the first part of a trilogy that discusses IP issues related to anti-Tumor Necrosis factor α (TNFα) biologics.

Keywords: Adalimumab, patent, Humira, biosimilars, dosage, formulation

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-160300

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 1-16, 2017

Authors: Chiba, Seiya | Yokoyama, Haruka | Kumazawa, Ayane | Shimmoto, Michie | Naganawa, Yasunori | Shinmoto, Hiroshi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cry j2 is a causal allergen of seasonal pollinosis in Japan. To analyze B cell epitopes of Cry j2, we established two human-mouse hybridomas secreting IgM class human monoclonal antibodies to Cry j2. A pin-peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with synthesized icosa peptides showed that 404-117 monoclonal antibody bound to peptides #11-13 with cry j2 amino acid sequence of 101F-L140. Detailed analysis with octa peptides and alanine substituted peptides indicated that an amino acid sequence of 118FKVD121 was an essential for antibody binding. When K119 (Asn) was substituted with alanine, 404-117 monoclonal antibody did not bind to …the alanine substituted peptide. We concluded that the 118FKVD121 sequence might have a very important role in early recognition by Cry j2-specific B cells, which could act as antigen presenting cells. Show more

Keywords: Human monoclonal antibody, allergen, Japanese cedar pollen, epitope, IgM

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-160301

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 17-21, 2017

Authors: Alshanqiti, Fatimah M. | Al-Masaudi, Saad B. | Al-Hejin, Ahmed M. | Redwan, Elrashdy M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: It's known that diphtheria and tetanus are a contagious lethal diseases over the years, they caused by pathogenic microbes corynebacterium diphtheria and Clostridium tetani , respectively. The diseases result from the production of bacterial toxin. Vaccination with bacterial toxoid vaccines adsorbed on particulates adjuvants still are the best way to prevent this epidemic diseases from spread. The particulate vaccines have been shown to be more efficient than soluble one for the induction of the immune responses. Nanoparticles can be engineered to enhance the immune responses. As well known the immune response to inactivate killed and subunit vaccine enhances by …alum adjuvants. The adjuvants examined and tested after reducing its size to particle size, thus mimic size of viruses which is considered smallest units can derive the immune system. The major issue is minimizing the adjuvant particles, to gain insight of resulting immunity types and impact on immune response. The adjuvant effect of micro/nanoparticles appears to largely be a consequence of their uptake into antigen presenting cells. Show more

Keywords: Bacteria, toxoid, vaccine, adjuvant, immune response

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-160302

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 23-29, 2017

Authors: Taheri, Mohammad | Roshanaei, Ghodratollah | Ghaffari, Jamileh | Rahimnejad, Samira | Khosroshahi, Behzad Nazel | Aliabadi, Mohsen | Eftekharian, Mohammad Mahdi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the number of mobile subscribers has significantly increased in recent years, the installation and deployment of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) antennas sending and receiving signals has become common and inevitable in different regions. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we have tried to evaluate the effect of the waves on some immunological and hematological parameters in exposed individuals. In this study, the exposed and non-exposed individuals were used as the test and control groups, respectively. METHODS: The test group was healthy people who resided in the vicinity of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) …antenna and received the maximum of radiation. The control group was selected from the healthy individuals that were matched with the exposed group by age. They resided in a distance of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) antenna and received the minimum of radiation. After stating complete explanations and obtaining the consent, the venous blood samples were taken from them. Then, CBC and the level of cytokines including IL-4, IL-10 and interferon γ were performed on the samples and the results were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: In the test group, the whole number of white blood cells, the level of hematocrit, percent of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were significantly lower than the control group. The number of red blood cells, their average volume and the mean concentration of hemoglobin were notably higher than the controls. There was not observed a significant difference between the two groups in hemoglobin, its mean concentration, platelet count, percent of lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as serum levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-10 and interferon γ . CONCLUSIONS: It seems that radiation of mobile phone antennas influenced the blood and immune systems, but further study should be done to exactly determine the targets. Show more

Keywords: Waves, antennas, mobile phone, electromagnetic, immunology, hematology

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-160303

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 31-37, 2017

Authors: Tafesse, Tadesse Bekele | Gebru, Addis Adera | Gobalee, Semgne | Belay, Gosaye Degu | Belew, Molla Teferi | Ataro, Demelash | Ebrahim, Belay Ali | Shebeshi, Getachew Mekonnon | Yimam, Yonas

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion is one of the most important therapeutic options of life-saving intervention for recipients who are in diseased or non-diseased conditions with severe blood loss. However, it is associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences that may cause acute or delayed complications and bring the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections including HIV, Hepatitis B & C and Syphilis. So, there might be a fatal risk instead of life saving. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and reliable tabulation of available data on seroprevalence and diagnosis of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections among blood …donors. METHODS: We searched studies reporting the prevalence rate of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis infections among blood donors that were published between October 2009 and June 2016, using databases of PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Science with keywords: ``Hepatitis C Virus'', ``Hepatitis B Virus'', ``HIV'', ``Syphilis'', ``Seroprevalence'', and ``blood donor''. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was highest in African countries as compared to others continents, predominantly the West African region with a range of 10.0% to 14.96% and 1.5% to 8.69%, respectively, while the overall seropositivity of HIV and syphilis infection show a significant declining pattern through successive years globally, even though relatively higher prevalence rate was observed among older age and those with low level of education. CONCLUSION: There is a problem during selection, diagnoses and screening process in developing nations primarily due to shortage of sensitive screening test kits, highly qualified human resource and lack of proper standard operating procedures and hence, the safety of blood and blood products are the primary threats in the region. Proper clinical diagnosis and screening method should be applied during blood donation and therefore, all the donated blood should be screened properly for transfusion-transmitted infections. Show more

Keywords: Blood donor, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, HIV, seroprevalence, syphilis: Transfusion-transmissible, infections

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-160304

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 39-55, 2017

Authors: Aghebati-Maleki, Leili | Younesi, Vahid | Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad | Baradaran, Behzad | Majidi, Jafar | Yousefi, Mehdi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (ROR1) belongs to one of the families of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). RTKs are involved in the various physiologic cellular functions including proliferation, migration, survival, signaling and differentiation. Several RTKs are deregulated in various cancers implying the targeting potential of these molecules in cancer therapy. ROR1 has recently been shown to be expressed in various types of cancer cells but not in normal adult cells. Hence a molecular inhibitor of extracellular domain of ROR1 that inhibits ROR1-cell surface interaction is of great therapeutic importance. In an attempt to develop molecular inhibitors of ROR1, we screened …single chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display libraries, Tomlinson I + J, against one specific synthetic oligopeptide from extracellular domain of ROR1 and selected scFvs were characterized using various immunological techniques. Several ROR1 specific scFvs were selected following five rounds of panning procedure. The scFvs showed specific binding to ROR1 using immunological techniques. Our results demonstrate successful isolation and characterization of specific ROR1 scFvs that may have great therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy. Show more

Keywords: ROR1, scFv, phage display technique, receptor tyrosine kinases

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-170310

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 57-63, 2017

Authors: Barzi, Samaneh Adami | Ghaderian, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein | Noormohammadi, Zahra

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the one of the most common heart diseases, being the main factor of mortality and morbidity worldwide. CAD has been known as a multifactorial disease and its progression depends on genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have shown evidence for association between 12q24.3 locus and CAD. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, the association of two HNF1A polymorphisms, rs2259816 and rs7310409, located on 12q24.3 locus with CAD was investigated in Iranian patients. METHODS: Whole genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood obtained from 411 Iranian volunteer. Then, the …polymorphisms rs2259816 and rs7310409 located on 12q24.3 locus were genotyped using TaqMan Probe Real Time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software, version 19. RESULTS: rs2259816 (p-value = 0.006) and rs7310409 (p-value = 0.001) showed statistically significant association with CAD risk. Our results indicated that there was a significant correlation between rs2259816 and blood triglyceride. However, no correlation was found between rs2259816, rs7310409 and other CAD risk factors. Show more

Keywords: Coronary artery disease, polymorphism, taqMan

DOI: 10.3233/HAB-170311

Citation: Human Antibodies, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 65-70, 2017