Biorheology - Volume 1, issue 1

Authors: Copley, A.L. | Scott Blair, G.W.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1101

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-2, 1962

Authors: Copley, A.L. | Staple, P.H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Microscopic and photomicrographic measurements were made of the vessel diameter and the width of the axial stream of red cells in blood vessels of the hamster’s cheek pouch, the velocity of blood flow being varied by an annular pneumatic cuff, through which the cheek pouch was passed. From these measurements the width of the plasmatic zone (P.Z.) was found to decrease gradually to zero as the cuff pressure was raised and the velocity of blood flow progressively lowered. From observations on injected graphite particles and blood platelets in plasma-skimmed vessels it was evident that a P.Z. results from the action …of axially directed forces on suspended particles. Following injection of pontamine blue into a femoral vein, a narrow unstained zone of plasma was observed next to the vessel wall of arterioles in the cheek pouch when the velocity of blood flow was high; this unstained zone was not apparent when the velocity of flow was low. The significance of this observation is discussed in relation to the concept of there being an immobile layer of plasma in contact with endothelium of living blood vessels and in relation to the phenomenon of wall adherence of blood and plasma in artificial capillaries. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1102

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-14, 1962

Authors: Joly, M.

Article Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1103

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15-20, 1962

Authors: Dodgson, M.C.H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A combined rheological and dark-ground microscopical study of mouse brain tissue is reported. In its near physiological state, brain tissue is an aggregate of hydrophilic colloidal particles with marked ion- and water-binding capacity. The colloidal state of the tissue in vivo must be intermediate between that of an elastic gel and of a paste-like aggregate of particles. On compression, the tissue exhibits plastic flow under the Mises-Hencky condition. In distilled water the hydration pattern of the tissue is that of a substance with an isoelectric zone between pH 4 and pH 5. The acid-hydrated tissue has elastic gel-like properties, …whereas in alkali, solvation occurs, yielding a viscous fluid. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1104

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 21-30, 1962

Authors: Hartert, H. | Schaeder, J.A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The thrombelastograph records continuously the shear modulus of the clot from the very beginning of the clotting reaction. The shear modulus of a normal plasma clot at the end of the clotting process is about 5000 dyn/cm2 , i.e. about 600–2400 times less than that of rubber. A clot of normal native blood has approximately the same shear modulus as that of recalcified plasma with a normal platelet count. The adherence of the clot in the measuring device of the apparatus ensures that retraction is negligible. The measured shear modulus includes the retractive force and the shear modulus of …the fibrin in varying proportions. In the glass tube, on the other hand, the retraction process and the fibrin shear modulus operate in opposite directions. The physical property of a blood or plasma clot here discussed is a combination of several effects, such as platelet number and viability, fibrinogen concentration, ionic milieu and the retraction cofactor, which seem to influence the mechanical strength and the elastic tension of the clot. Compared with it, a clot from purified fibrinogen and thrombin is a very weak material. Recently reestablished “normal values” of the constants from the thrombelastograph for normal native blood were: r = 12 min 26 sec (s = ± 1 min 34 sec ), k = 5 min 35 sec (s = ± 1 min 1 sec ), me = 108 (s = ± 17.7 ). The male group had the same values as the female one. According to several authors, citrated or oxalated blood or plasma have widely different values depending on the varying methods of decalcification and recalcification. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1105

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31-39, 1962

Authors: Thomas, H.W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The case of the flow of a particulate suspension through a capillary tube is considered, and an improved analysis in terms of a simple model, consisting of a clear annulus of the suspending phase surrounding a core of the suspension, is presented. The approximations of previous authors have been avoided. The thickness of the “effective” annulus is demonstrated, under readily realizable experimental conditions, to be the same irrespective of whether calculations are based on measurements of flow or of changes in the mean concentration within the tube. The method of analysis has been applied to the published results …of previous authors, and the essential features of the wall effect have been deduced in the case of suspensions of mammalian red cells, and of rigid spheres. The need for further experimental data is indicated. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1106

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41-56, 1962

Authors: Oka, Syoten

Article Type: Review Article

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1107

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 57-70, 1962

Authors: Vejlens, G.

Article Type: Letter

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1108

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 71-72, 1962

Article Type: Book Review

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1109

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 73-76, 1962

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/BIR-1962-1110

Citation: Biorheology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 77-78, 1962