Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution - Volume 21, issue 2

Authors: Subramanian, V.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240014

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. i-iii, 2024

Authors: Handayani, Widhi | Suwarno, Djoko | Widianarko, Budi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Indonesian batik has been a cultural product for a hundred years. Its recognition as an intangible heritage has led its production to bring benefits in economic terms. However, there are environmental problems indicated by its production, and one of which is the water use. It is common to find information regarding the pollution caused by batik production. However, studies on water footprint of batik could bring insight that batik problem in relation to water doesn’t limit solely to pollution, but also to the huge volume of water consumed during batik production. In this understanding, the WF approach, both consumptive and …degradative water use, is important. Although studies on batik WF have been conducted, it is still limited. This paper discusses the challenges faced in exploring batik WF based on field experience. An understanding of batik itself and batik SME characteristics are required because they are closely related to the WF of the process. Finally, this paper explains the conceptual and technical challenges that will be faced during the study of batik WF. Show more

Keywords: Batik, challenges, small and medium enterprises, water footprint accounting

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240015

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1-6, 2024

Authors: Belmiloud, Nessrine | Abdelkrim, Noureddine

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Water quality is an important criterion for meeting water demand and supply. Ensuring freshwater quality that meets human and ecological needs is therefore an important aspect of integrated environmental management and sustainable development. The objective of this study is to monitor and evaluate the quality of the water distributed to the municipality of Sendjas from the Sidi Yakoub dam to the consumer using the index of water quality which includes 10 parameters. (PH, TDS, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium). Physico-chemical analyses were carried out on samples taken from the Sidi Yakoub dam, a reservoir which distributes …water to the municipality of Sendjas called reservoir 500, and a sample from the house of one consumer directly from the tap. The results of the analyses obtained during our work show that there is a slight difference in the latter, but the quality of the physico-chemical water remains good and consumable at the level of two stations (Sidi Yakoub Dam, Reservoir 500) and Bad quality of the station which represents the municipality of Sendjas, the latter is due to the high content of chloride and the degradation of distribution networks. Show more

Keywords: The water quality index (IQE), the municipality of Sendjas, physico-chemical analyses, the consumer

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240016

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 7-13, 2024

Authors: Mohammed, H.S. | Shlash, M.A. | Mahdi, H.H.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Drought indices are an effective tool for evaluating the impact of drought on environments, such as its duration and severity. Here, monitoring and evaluation of meteorological drought were conducted for 3-decades (1984-2014) in the Mesopotamia Plain Region in Iraq using the Drought Indices Calculator DrinC1.7(91) software based on monthly precipitation data recorded by thirteen stations covering the overall study area. The calculations for the standardised precipitation index (SPI), the exceedance probability, the frequency of repetitions of consecutive drought years, and the return period were conducted. Results revealed that the general average drought level was moderately dry, and in most parts …of the study region, the percentage of rainy years is less than the dry years, where, on the average annual yearly scale, it is 40% for rainy years and 60% for the dry years. Moreover, the exceedance probability and the frequency decrease when the drought interval increases and the dominant event is a one-year drought and the maximum drought interval occurred within the return period of 3-decades was eight consecutive years (1998-2006), with a 3.33% exceedance probability. Show more

Keywords: Mesopotamia plain, meteorological drought, drought indices, gamma SPI, exceedance probability, DrinC program

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240017

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 15-22, 2024

Authors: Oberoi, Parul | Bhandari, Jitender

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The research paper investigates the intricate nexus between economic factors and sustainable consumption behaviour, providing a nuanced exploration of how such considerations shape an individual’s choice in the realm of environmental responsibility. Drawing on established theories of consumer behaviour and sustainability, this study employs a positivist approach encompassing quantitative surveys and analysis. It scrutinises the effects of prices, expectations and other broader economic conditions on the adoption of sustainable practices. The findings contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge by providing a holistic understanding of the economic levers instrumental in driving towards sustainable consumption like taste and preferences and …price or hindering the shift towards sustainable consumption like societal behaviour and availability of alternatives. This research aims to inform policymakers, businesses and consumers alike, facilitating the development of targeted interventions and initiatives that foster a harmonious convergence of economic and ecological goals. Show more

Keywords: Sustainable consumption behaviour, economic factors, consumer goods

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240018

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 23-32, 2024

Authors: Khaleel, Huda A. | Talib, Adel H. | Sultan, Maitham A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Waste scavengers face occupational hazards from exposure to toxic landfill emissions, putting them at risk for respiratory illnesses. This study aimed to assess the impacts of landfill gases on lung function in scavengers. Spirometry was used to evaluate lung function in scavengers at 5 dumpsites in Baghdad compared to non-exposed controls. The results showed that winter measurements in the internal measuring point for carbon dioxide indicated that the highest concentration was 454.89 ppm in the Adhamiya landfill and the lowest concentration was 397.65 ppm in the Baghdad Aljadeeda landfill. Lung disease cases were recorded and correlated to landfill sites, work …duration, and seasons. The results of the lung efficiency examination showed a clear decrease in spirometry parameters at high-pollution landfill sites with varying concentrations of particulates and gases compared to the control group—more airway restriction cases correlated with increased years of scavenger exposure and higher pollutant levels. As noted, severe respiratory symptoms increased in the summer season likely due to the influence of climatic factors. Show more

Keywords: Landfill emissions, lung function, spirometry, scavengers, respiratory disease

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240019

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 33-38, 2024

Authors: Johnpaul, V. | Venkatesan, G. | Vinoth, V.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The power of the hydrological cycle is enormous, sometimes devastating, but when it is utilised wisely, its negative impacts on humankind can be mitigated. Catastrophic floods and droughts are boosted by the world climate change. Hence, water management programs came into effect. On the other hand, energy production plays a major role in the country’s economic development. So, studies have come up with many ideas to ameliorate disasters especially floods through building mini, small, and large hydro-power plants against the rivers. This study presents a feasibility analysis of flood management and energy production in the Madupetty River, Kerala, India. Even …though there are other dams in the Madupetty River, Mudirappuzha basin, the old Headwork built for a hydroelectric project, needs capacity augmentation. This study looks at ways to optimise the Maduppetty River’s water distribution system by building a dam-toe powerhouse where flood water can be stored and utilised when needed. Detailed analysis and design of the hydro-power station is presented. Rainfall runoff equations are used to assess the inflow for power potential studies. During flooding, the projected dam can hold 20.42 MCM of water. From this study, the dam toe powerhouse and cascade powerhouses will create 7.12 Mu and 90 Mu. Show more

Keywords: Dam toe powerhouse, feasibility analysis, hydropower plant, hydropower potential analysis, Kerala hydro power, Madupatti Reservoir, reservoir storage augmentation, site suitability analysis

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240020

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 39-47, 2024

Authors: Amel, Salamani | Mohamed, Ladjal | Fayçal, Bahlouli | Nacira, Chourghal | Mohammed, Benaini

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The Ain Zada dam is experiencing a deficit in recent years due to scanty precipitation and reduced water flow, resulting in the dam’s water reserve dropping to 8.3%. Our study’s primary objective is to assess the quality of both untreated (raw) and treated water from the Ain Zada dam by conducting physico-chemical analyses on both samples. Based on the findings, the physico-chemical quality of the treated water is deemed satisfactory, as all samples adhere to Algerian standards. The treated water exhibits an organic matter concentration of 4.94 mg/l, which is the chief contributor to the unfavourable odour and taste of …the dam water. To address this, enhancements will be made to the Ain Zada dam treatment station this year through the adoption of a novel ozone disinfection method (ozonation). The Water Quality Index (WQI) for treated water from the Ain Zada dam indicates a favourable suitability for drinking water production from February to May 2022. Two quality categories are discernible for each scenario based on the obtained WQI values: excellent and good for treated water, and excellent and poor for raw water. Water quality diminishes notably in April, where the treated water quality index rises (25 < WQI . 50), while the raw water’s quality classifies as poor (WQI > 50). The decline in water quality during this month can be attributed to stream variations, agricultural activities, and urban wastewater discharges. Consequently, it is imperative to prioritise the reduction of these pollution sources to safeguard water resources and enhance water quality within the watershed. Show more

Keywords: Ain Zada dam, drinking water, physico-chemical parameters, treatment, water quality index (WQI)

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240021

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 49-55, 2024

Authors: Longkumer, Watimongba | Kannan, Hemalatha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The transformation of monsoon rainfall patterns in India, largely attributed to climate change, is leading to more frequent and severe floods. These escalating challenges underscore the imperative of prioritising adaptive measures, given the intrinsic link between humans and climate change. This research conducted in Majuli Island, a highly vulnerable region in India’s northeast, aims to understand current adaptive strategies and assess potential risks from impending physical exposures. Empirical evidence was collected using purposive sampling in two flood-prone villages. The objective was to revisit the Mishing community’s experiences with annual flooding and climate challenges. Thematic analysis interpreted the qualitative findings. Implications …for community-based adaptation and sustainable practices are discussed for future flood and climate challenges. The study emphasises strengthening ecosystem-based adaptation through multi-sectoral networking in Majuli Island, Northeast India. Show more

Keywords: Floods, climate change, adaptation, sustainable development, Mishing, Majuli Island

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240022

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 57-64, 2024

Authors: Ibrahim, Ruaa M. | Abbood, Zainab M. | Al-Taai, Osama T. | Ahmed, Mohamad M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The effects of anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2 O), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and halocarbons on stratospheric ozone (O3 ) over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries are divided using a chemical model of the stratosphere. As halocarbon levels revert to pre-industrial levels, N2 O and CO2 will likely play the primary roles in the evolution of ozone in the future. It is unable to distinguish clearly between these gases’ effects on ozone due to nonlinear interactions between them. The work was conducted using the monthly and annual data of the gases in the stratospheric layer …to determine the overlap between N2 O and O3 for the Iraq station and for the period (2003-2016). The strength of the association between gases was determined using the Spearman rho test (rs). It was found that there is a very high positive relationship between the N2 O and O3 in Nasriyah station, which is 0.807 which indicates a strong association. This is because meteorological conditions, climatic fluctuations, and atmospheric location all affect correlation. The ozone layer is destroyed by nitrous oxide at high concentrations through the stratosphere layer and the tropospheric layer, the concentration of ozone increases with an increase in the concentration of nitrogen dioxide. Show more

Keywords: Greenhouse gases, N2O, O3, ECMWF, Spearman rho test, Iraq

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240023

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 65-73, 2024