Searching for just a few words should be enough to get started. If you need to make more complex queries, use the tips below to guide you.
Purchase individual online access for 1 year to this journal.
Price: EUR 250.00Authors: Dunstan, Joel | Stenner, Brad | Carrick-Ranson, Graeme | Norton, Kevin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Firefighting is recognised as a physically demanding occupation involving exposure to hazardous environments and activities. An aging workforce combined with the age-related decline in physical fitness may result in increased future workers’ compensation expenditure for fire service organisations. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to investigate the costs associated with musculoskeletal sprain and strain injury and the impacts of age and injury location on Workers’ Compensation claims submitted by professional urban firefighters. METHODS: Claim rates, direct costs, and days lost were extracted from a professional Fire Service organisation’s workers’ compensation claim …database for financial years between 2011 to 2018. RESULTS: The mean cost per claim increased with age, with a mean claim cost of the 60–70-year-old group over 10 times more than the 20–29-year-old group. The mean days lost per claim were also higher for claims submitted by firefighters aged over 50. CONCLUSIONS: Older firefighters miss more workdays when injured and are associated with increased claims costs, particularly those in the 60–70-year group. With an aging workforce, Fire Service organisations must implement appropriate management and prevention strategies to reduce the potential risks associated with an aging workforce. Show more
Keywords: Ageing workforce, firefighter, workers’ compensation, sprain and strain injury
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230133
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-07, 2024
Authors: Jensen, Michael
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational therapy presently has a limited presence within the workplace wellness industry and the profession’s contribution within this area of practice is not fully understood. Occupational therapy’s holistic, occupation-based, and client-centered approach has the potential to provide a valuable contribution to the field of workplace wellness. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experience of organizational employees participating in a workplace wellness program centered in the occupational therapy domain and process. METHODS: Six occupational therapy workplace wellness program participants completed in-depth semi-structured interviews one month after program completion followed by deductive thematic analysis of transcripts. RESULTS: …Three themes emerged (sustainable change across context, process matters, and therapeutic relationship supporting wellness), along with subthemes, describing the participant experience. CONCLUSIONS: The structured and individualized process of occupational therapy delivered within a workplace wellness program was appreciated by participants as a means of addressing workplace wellness and providing sustainable wellness results. Show more
Keywords: Occupational therapy, work wellness, health promotion, occupational health, prevention
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230723
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Pang, Siu-Chuen | Iqbal, Zaheen Ahmed | Chow, Daniel Hung-Kay
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Trolley bags have gained popularity among students, but there is limited research comparing them to backpack-style school bags. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare how carrying a backpack versus a trolley bag affects the activity of trunk and lower limb muscles in secondary school students. METHODS: Electromyographic activity was measured in 25 students (13.4±1.1 years) as they walked on level ground and up/down stairs while carrying both types of bags. The activity of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, lumbar erector spinae, and rectus abdominis muscles was assessed on both the dominant and non-dominant …sides. RESULTS: The study found significantly reduced muscle activation in most of the targeted muscles when walking on level ground with the trolley bag and when going up/down stairs with the backpack. CONCLUSIONS: Lifting a trolley bag depends on the slope of the walking surface and is more efficient on level ground, while carrying a backpack is more efficient when going up and down stairs. Since it is not practical to switch bags when encountering stairs in schools, a bag with a mixed model design incorporating features of both trolley and backpack may be more beneficial and practical for students to use. Students, parents, and teachers should be aware of the injury risks associated with carrying different types of bags. Show more
Keywords: Backpack, trolley, students, electromyography, muscle activity, walking surface, walking slope
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230628
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Reineholm, Cathrine | Lundqvist, Daniel | Wallo, Andreas
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Organizations are in a state of continual evolution, driven by the relentless shifts in their external environments. Numerous theories have been proposed to understand the essential skills and capabilities for successful organizational change. Yet, there remains a gap in capturing a holistic view necessary to fully comprehend the dynamics of competence in today’s rapidly changing landscape. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to explore and consolidate the concept of ‘competence’ in the context of organizational change processes. METHODS: Employing an integrative literature review approach, a total of 3,230 studies were screened. Out of these, …32 studies were selected based on strict relevance and quality criteria, providing a robust foundation for the analysis. RESULTS: The findings reveal a multi-layered nature of organizational change, highlighting that the nature and prerequisites of change vary significantly across different organizational levels. By applying a competence lens, we discern how required competence during change are not uniform but rather vary depending on whether they are applied in an operational or strategic context. This demonstrates a nuanced, level-dependent variability in change competence across the organizational hierarchy. CONCLUSION: We conceptualize ‘change competence’ as a dual-faceted construct. It encompasses both the capacity to leverage existing organizational competence and the adeptness to develop new competence, thereby meeting the evolving demands imposed by both internal and external drivers of change. This comprehensive understanding paves the way for more effective strategies in managing organizational change. Show more
Keywords: Organizational change, change management, organizational innovation, workplace, learning, review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230633
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Sucu Çakmak, Nefise Cevriye | Çalışkan, Nurcan | Koğar, Hakan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is the type of pain that healthcare professionals frequently encounter. Health care students’ attitudes towards pain management are not sufficient and this negatively affects their chronic pain management. When students cannot manage the chronic pain they will experience professional burnout, depersonalization, and a decrease in compassion and empathy in patient care. Therefore, the first step in improving health care students’ attitudes towards patients with chronic pain is to determine their attitudes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Scale for Healthcare Professionals’ Attitudes towards Patients with Chronic Pain (HCPAPCP Scale) …in healthcare students. METHOD: This quantitative study was conducted with 205 health care students in January-February 2022. Data were collected online with Personal Information Form and the HCPAPCP Scale. To determine the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and test-retest, and for construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS: The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the two-factor scale consisting of 18 items, the factor structure, and the distribution of factors in items were the same as the findings of the original scale. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was 0.88 for the first factor and 0.74 for the second factor. Test-retest reliability was 0.60. In confirmatory factor analysis, the model had a good and acceptable fit. CONCLUSION: We found that the HCPAPCP Scale was valid and reliable in healthcare students. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare students, chronic pain, attitude, validity and reliability study, nursing students, medical students
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230512
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Subramaniam, Shankar | Ganesan, Abbas | Raju, Naveenkumar | Rajavel, Nithyaprakash | Chenniappan, Maheswari | Prakash, Chander | Pramanik, Alokesh | Basak, Animesh Kumar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Textile-sizing mill workers are exposed to various hazards in the sizing units during their working hours and are at risk of acquiring lung impairments due to the usage of sizing chemicals in the sizing process. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study is to assess the influence of cotton dust and sizing agents on lung function and breathing difficulties among Indian textile sizing mill workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a textile-sizing mill from August 2022 to September 2022. A modified questionnaire based American Thoracic Society’s standard was used …to assess respiratory symptoms among sizing mill workers and the pulmonary function test was conducted Spirometry. The chi-square test was used to find the difference between respiratory symptoms and the t -test was used to find the difference between spirometric parameters. RESULTS: Textile sizing mill workers showed significant (P < 0.0001) decline in peak expiratory flow rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ). There was an association between symptoms and duration of exposure to pulmonary abnormality. Sizing mill workers showed a significant decline in lung functions and an increase in pulmonary symptoms. As the service duration of exposure in terms of years increased, respiratory symptoms increased and spirometric abnormality also increased. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that sizing agents such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), emulsifier, wax, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and starch used in sizing mills are also responsible for respiratory illness and lung impairment among textile workers. Show more
Keywords: Textiles; sizing mill; cotton dust; respiratory symptoms; pulmonary function; spirometry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230399
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Katsu, Akane | Mackenzie, Lynette | Elliott, James M. | Mackey, Martin | Tyack, Zephanie
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This scoping review aimed to identify the barriers, facilitators and benefits of returning to work following burn injury, outcome measures used, management strategies, and models of care. OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview about working-aged adults returning to their preinjury employment after burn injury METHODS: We followed a pre-determined scoping review protocol to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CCRCT and CDSR databases between 2000 to December 2023. Papers reporting primary data from previously employed adults with cutaneous burn injuries were included. RESULTS: In all, 90 articles met …the review criteria. Return-to-work was both an outcome goal and process of recovery from burn injury. Physical and psychological impairments were identified barriers. Job accommodations and modifications were important for supporting the transition from hospital to workplace. Employment status and quality of life sub-scales were used to measure return-to-work. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent definitions of work and measurements of return-to-employment after burn injury are priorities for future research. Longitudinal studies are more likely to capture the complexity of the return-to-employment process, its impact on work participation and changes in employment over time. The social context of work may assist or hinder return-to-work more than physical environmental constraints. Equitable vocational support systems would help address disparities in vocational rehabilitation services available after burn injury. Show more
Keywords: Return-to-work, burns, rehabilitation, employment, work performance, scoping review, occupational therapy
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230148
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-28, 2024
Authors: Crizol, Giuliana Raduan | Sá, Kamilla Mayr Martins | Santos, Giovanna Marcílio | Gonçalves, Marcela Letícia Leal | Mendes, Gustavo Duarte | Bussadori, Sandra Kalil | Pacheco, Rafael Leite | Riera, Rachel | Santos, Elaine Marcílio | Martimbianco, Ana Luiza Cabrera
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers’ occupational activity. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools based on the included study designs. Data …from studies were pooled in meta-analyses. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: We identified 12 analytical cross-sectional studies involving 7821 participants in ports of five countries. Most studies (75%) had a moderate methodological quality according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Considering the overall worker categories and any musculoskeletal disorders, the meta-analysis showed a prevalence of 58% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 37% to 78%), with degenerative spinal diseases 42% (95% CI –0.6% to 91%) and low back pain 36% (95% CI 21% to 50%) being the most prevalent conditions. Symptoms were predominantly in foremen and stevedores. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal disorders seem prevalent among dockworkers, mainly degenerative spinal diseases and low back pain. Studies with greater methodological consistency are still needed to validate these hypotheses and assist in decision-making for implementing preventive and informational policies in maritime port management organizations. PROSPERO registry CRD42021257677. Show more
Keywords: Dockworker, occupational diseases, cumulative trauma disorders, occupational groups, prevalence, systematic review
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230666
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Çağatay, Hüseyin Tolga | Demirel, Yüksel | Ertuğrul, Bekir | Tekinyıldız, Esra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Culture has an important role in maximizing the value of human capital, which is regarded as the main source of organizational effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The research was conducted to determine the effect of organizational culture perceptions of healthcare professionals working in a university hospital on employee flourishing. METHODS: It is a descriptive study conducted with 299 healthcare professionals working in a university hospital. “Structured Personal Information Form”, “Denison Organizational Culture Survey” and “New Flourishing Index” to collect the data. In the analysis descriptive statistical methods such as percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean and standard …deviation as well as Pearson correlation, linear regression and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between variables. RESULTS: According to the results of linear regression analysis, it was determined that organizational culture and flourishing were related (F : 88.229; p < 0.05). The organizational culture alone explained 22.6% of flourishing. As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the relationship between organizational culture sub-dimensions and flourishing was significant (F = 25.975; p < 0.05). The sub-dimensions of organizational culture explained 25.1% of the flourishing. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the study, it is observed that the perception of organizational culture of healthcare professionals has an impact on flourishing, and therefore the favorable development of organizational culture will contribute positively to employee flourishing. In present conditions, it has become a necessity for health organizations to provide the circumstances that will make all investments that will contribute positively to the flourishing of their employees a part of the organizational culture. Show more
Keywords: Corporate culture, organizational change, well-being, happiness, health services administration
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230286
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Hagendijk, Marije E. | Tan, Zhouwen | Melles, Marijke | Hoving, Jan L. | van der Burg-Vermeulen, Sylvia J. | Zipfel, Nina
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Value-based healthcare delivery focuses on optimizing care provided by measuring the healthcare outcomes which are most important to the clients relative to the total care costs. However, the understanding of what adds value for clients during work disability assessment is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To explore what medical examiners (MEs) perceive as valuable during the work disability assessment process, by exploring possible: 1) facilitators, 2) barriers and 3) opportunities to add value for the client during the work disability assessment. METHODS: For this explorative qualitative study, 7 semi-structured interviews were conducted with MEs in …the Netherlands. Thematic coding was performed for all interviews. RESULTS: A large variety of facilitators (n = 22), barriers (n = 17) and opportunities (n = 11) were identified and inductively subdivided into four main themes: 1) coherent process, including all time related aspects, 2) interdisciplinary collaboration, including all aspects related to the collaboration between the ME and other professionals, 3) client-centred interaction, including all aspects related to the supportive interplay from the ME towards the client, and 4) information provision on all aspects during the work disability assessment process towards the client to ensure a valuable work disability assessment process. CONCLUSIONS: The overview of identified possible facilitators, barriers and opportunities to add value for clients from the perspective of the ME may stimulate improvement in the current work disability assessment practice and to better match the client needs. Show more
Keywords: Vocational guidance, return to work, sick leave, value-based health care, delivery of health care, qualitative research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230305
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Youssfi, Imen | Mechergui, Najla | Ziedi, Hiba | Mersni, Mariem | Chemingui, Siwar | Haouari, Wala | Aouida, Dorra | Youssef, Imen | Ladhari, Nizar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCW) may experience anxiety and prolonged work schedules during pandemics. The mental health status after a COVID-19 infection and the work ability of HCW are interesting criteria in assessing their fitness to work at the return to work (RTW) medical visit. OBJECTIVES: To assess mental health and work ability after a COVID-19 infection among HCW at the RTW medical visit. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out among HCW of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunisia infected with COVID-19 from September to December 2020. Anxiety and depression were screened using the …Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The perceived ability to work at RTW was measured using the Work Ability Index (WAI). RESULTS: We included 531 HCW. The median age was 40 years. HCW belonged to surgical departments (36.9%) and were nurses (32.4%). The median delay to RTW was 15 days (IQR: 13–18). At the RTW medical visit, certain anxiety and depression were found in 36.5% and 33.3% of the patients respectively. The perceived work ability was evaluated as good to very good in 37.8% of cases. The delay to RTW increased proportionally with a better-perceived work ability (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Our study described the perceived work ability and the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the HCW at the RTW medical visit after COVID-19 infection in the early stages of the pandemic. Specific strategies for RTW after COVID-19 should take into consideration the mental health and work ability of HCW. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, COVID-19, work ability, healthcare worker
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230352
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Mänttäri, Satu | Rauttola, Ari-Pekka | Halonen, Janne | Karkulehto, Jutta | Säynäjäkangas, Pihla | Oksa, Juha
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Background: The body of literature regarding the use of an upper limb exoskeleton during authentic working conditions is sparse. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an upper limb exoskeleton in reducing muscle strain during authentic industrial construction work. Methods: Fifteen male participants, comprising of roofers, scaffolders, builders, bricklayers, and graders performing overhead work participated in the study. During work without (REF) and with exoskeleton (EXO), muscle activity from 8 muscles, heart rate (HR), metabolic equivalent (MET), and upper arm elevation angles were recorded. Results: …When using the exoskeleton, a significant reduction of 20.2% in average muscle activity of 8 muscles was found. The largest effect focused on m. deltoideus , where 46.2 and 32.2% reduction occurred in medial and anterior parts of the muscle, respectively. HR and MET were unaffected. Upper arm elevation angles were similar between REF and EXO, indicating equal biomechanical loading. Conclusions: This study indicates that exoskeletons show great promise in reducing the potential for musculoskeletal strain during authentic overhead construction work. Show more
Keywords: Passive exoskeleton, overhead work, physical workload, construction work, shoulder load, usability
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230218
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Erol, Özgül | Küçükkaya, Burcu | Yenici, Ecehan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU) regarding the work-index-nursing work environment, the effect level ICU environment has on the nurses’ care behaviors and stress levels of the nurses should be determined. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the nurse manpower on care behaviours and stress level of the nurses working in the ICU. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample of the study consisted of 123 nurses working in the ICUs. The data were collected using the survey form, Distress Thermometer (DT), The Practice Work Environment Scale …of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and Caring Behaviors Scale-24 (CBS-24). RESULTS: The mean age of nurses in the ICU was 30.2±5.6 and the mean of working time in the intensive care unit of nurses in the ICU was 3.7±3.1 years. The mean of the DT was 4.8±3.4, and the mean score of PES-NWI was 2.6±1.0 and the mean score of CBS-24 was 4.7±1.1 in nurses in the ICU. The regression model which was studied to investigate the relationship between caring behaviors and stress and nurse manpower of nurses working in intensive care unit was significant. CONCLUSION: Care behaviors and stress levels of nurses working in intensive care units are negatively affected by insufficient nurse manpower. Show more
Keywords: Intensive care unit, nurse, nurse manpower, caring behaviors, stress
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220710
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Wu, Kevin A. | Anastasio, Albert T. | Kim, Joshua K. | Choudhury, Ankit | Adams, Samuel B.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused notable shifts in healthcare behavior, influenced by remote work policies. This study examines the impact of Work from Home (WFH) policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries, utilizing Google search trends. Understanding these trends is crucial for healthcare providers, enabling them to adapt services and communication to evolving patient needs during challenging times. OBJECTIVE: To comprehend variations in search volume and trends for ankle-related queries due to WFH policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Ankle-related terms accessible to laypersons were analyzed using Google Trends data from March 2018 to March …2022 in the United States. Data were divided into pre-pandemic (March 2018-March 2020) and post-pandemic (March 2020-March 2022) periods. Weekly search interest data for 20 terms were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test. The study aimed to identify significant changes in search interest, providing insights into public information-seeking behavior concerning ankle surgeries. RESULTS: Among the 20 terms analyzed, 11 exhibited significant changes. Ankle arthritis and ankle bursitis showed increased interest, suggesting heightened concern during the pandemic. Conversely, post-pandemic interest decreased for terms 9 terms, including ankle pain and ankle tendonitis, indicating reduced worry. Moderate declines were noted for ankle gout, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis, reflecting shifting patient priorities. Some terms, including ankle fracture and ankle arthroplasty, showed stable information-seeking behavior despite the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the nuanced impact of WFH policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries. Varied search trends highlight changing patient concerns. Healthcare providers can use these insights to tailor services effectively, meeting evolving patient needs and enhancing communication strategies. Show more
Keywords: Orthopaedic, ankle surgery, work from home, pandemic, COVID-19, telemedicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230621
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Mak, Susanne | Thomas, Aliki | Razack, Saleem | Root, Kelly | Hunt, Matthew
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health human resources are scarce worldwide. In occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), and speech-language pathology (S-LP), attrition and retention issues amplify this situation and contribute to the precarity of health systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenomena of attrition and retention with OTs, PTs and S-LPs who stayed in, or left their profession. METHODS: Cultural-historical activity theory provided the theoretical scaffolding for this interpretive description study. We used purposeful sampling (maximum variation approach) to recruit OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with 51 OTs, PTs, and S-LPs …from Quebec, Canada, in English or French (2019–2020). Inductive and deductive approaches, and constant comparative techniques were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Six themes were developed: 1) characteristics of work that made it meaningful; 2) aspects of work that practitioners appreciate; 3) factors of daily work that weigh on a practitioner; 4) factors that contribute to managing work; 5) relationships with different stakeholders that shape daily work; and 6) perceptions of the profession. Meaningfulness was tied to participants’ sense that their values were reflected in their work. Factors outside work shaped participants’ work experiences. Recurrent negative experiences led some to leave their profession. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore a critical need to address contributing factors to attrition and retention which are essential to ensuring the availability of OTs, PTs and SLPs for present and future rehabilitation needs. Show more
Keywords: Occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech-language pathology, career mobility, rehabilitation, qualitative research, health workforce
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230531
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Liu, Wenyao | Meng, Qingfeng | Li, Zhen | Ai, Xijie | Chong, Heap-Yih
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Frontline supervisors have the most frequent interactions with workers on construction projects. Although Supervisors’ Safety Leadership (SSL) is commonly practiced, its specific inter-relationship with workers’ safety violations remains unclear, especially when it comes to detailed interactions between supervisors and workers, such as supervisors’ safety coaching/safety controlling/safety caring against workers’ situational/routine safety violations. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to uncover the intrinsic relationship between SSL and safety violations from the perspective of construction workers with the help of mediating variables at both organizational and individual levels. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted to test all hypotheses based …on empirical data from 346 construction workers. The path coefficient of the fitted model was then analyzed, including associated mediating effects. RESULTS: Situational safety violations are directly affected only by safety caring (β= –0.161, p < 0.05), while routine safety violations are impacted only by safety coaching (β= –0.159, p < 0.05). SSL can influence different types of safety violations through differing mediators. In particular, safety coaching acts on individuals’ routine safety violations mainly through self-efficacy (β= 0.199, p < 0.01; standardized indirect effect = –0.121, 95% CI[–0.226, –0.024]); safety controlling is more oriented to influence individuals’ situational safety violations through group safety norm (β= 0.383, p < 0.001; standardized indirect effect = –0.091, 95% CI[–0.177, –0.036]); and safety caring further influences individuals’ situational safety violations mainly through safety motivation (β= 0.581, p < 0.001; standardized indirect effect = –0.263, 95% CI[–0.418, –0.146]). CONCLUSION: The research enhances existing knowledge by clarifying the complex relationships between supervisor behavior and safety outcomes, particularly from the perceptions of construction workers towards supervisors’ actions and leadership. Show more
Keywords: Supervisors’ safety leadership, construction worker, safety violations, safety motivation, group safety norm, self-efficacy
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240048
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Alves, Roberta A. | Penna, Thaísa A. | Silva, Michel O. | Oliveira, Bruno R.R. | Oliveira, Aldair J.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had major impacts on the physical lives of individuals, especially on home office workers. In this way, the practice of physical activity has been identified as an ally in the reduction and prevention of musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity and musculoskeletal pain in adult workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 374 workers of both sexes (age = 46.5±10.5 years). Leisure-time physical activity, number of pain sites, and musculoskeletal pain status were investigated using a questionnaire designed for the study. Statistical …analysis was performed using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS: A significant association was found between physical activity status and the number of pain sites (p = 0.002). In addition, an inverse association was found between physical activity before and during the quarantine and the number of pain sites (two pain sites – OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.2–0.7; three or more pain sites – OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.1–0.5). Physical activity interruption during quarantine increased pain perception by 2.86 times (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.0–7.5). CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that physical activity before and during the pandemic was a protective factor for body pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Physical activity, exercise, musculoskeletal pain, adults, workers, pandemics, COVID-19
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230364
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Wong, Jasin | Su, Han | Kudla, Angelika | Munsell, Elizabeth G.S. | Ezeife, Nnaemezie | Crown, Deborah | Trierweiler, Robert | Capraro, Pamela | Tomazin, Stephanie | Park, Mirang | Heinemann, Allen W.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that employment, or the lack thereof, affects an individual’s health. Consequently, employment provides people with physical disabilities (PWPD) with financial independence, enhances their well-being and self-worth, and facilitates a sense of purpose. People with physical disabilities often retain job skills and motivation to return to work after acquiring a disability. Their vocational rehabilitation and job accommodation needs likely differ from people with disabilities resulting from developmental, sensory, cognitive, and mental health conditions. To better target the needs of PWPD and improve vocational rehabilitation services, it is crucial to identify the modifiable factors that influence their …employment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to examine systematically the client-, employer-, and context-related facilitators and barriers to employment experienced by PWPD. METHODS: We recruited to this cross-sectional study, PWPD from the Midwestern United States who returned to work after injury or illness. An online survey collected data on demographic characteristics and educational history; disability and functional status; supports, facilitators and barriers to employment; and job information and accommodations. RESULTS: 347 working-age PWPD completed the survey; at the time of survey completion, 270 were working and 77 were not. People with physical disabilities who reported social support and encouragement at work were more likely to be working than respondents who did not. Negative attitudes of supervisors and colleagues, inaccessible work environments, and inflexible work schedules were barriers to employment. Important reasons for working included financial needs, a sense of purpose, and self-worth. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide insights into the importance of social supports in the work environment. Novel approaches are needed to develop supportive relationships with supervisors and coworkers. Show more
Keywords: Rehabilitation, vocational, return to work, work, employment, supported, unemployment, disabled persons
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220721
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Feyzi, Masoud | Navid, Hossein | Castellucci, Héctor Ignacio | Dianat, Iman
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The dimensional seat design process should consider both the users’ tasks and their physical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To use an approach for the design and evaluation of seat dimensions based on the anthropometric characteristics of the Iranian population and the requirements of tractor operators. METHODS: Some existing equations relating the seat dimensions to anthropometric characteristics were modified according to logical justifications and international standards. A new mathematical-statistical method was used to extract the equations estimating the constant seat dimensions based on the theoretical maximizing of the accommodation level. In addition, an Overall Seat …Accommodation Score (OSAS) was developed to represent the mean of seat dimensions accommodation level and dimensional accommodation equality, simultaneously. RESULTS: The dimensional seat design can be affected under different conditions of adjustability, esthetic, and space limitations. However, it was shown that it is possible to improve the design of tractor seats without any significant increase in the final cost and complexity. CONCLUSION: A new approach was used for tractor seats for a sample of Iranian operators and can be used for the design and evaluation of tractor seats for other target populations. Show more
Keywords: Agricultural health, dimensional accommodation, ergonomics, seat design
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230605
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Imeshtari, Valentin | Imeshtari, Anila | La Torre, Giuseppe
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last years cardiovascular risk has decreased in grown adults and elderly while it seems to be rising among young adults. OBJECTIVE: to assess the 10-year cardiovascular risk (CVR) in young healthcare professionals at the teaching hospital in Rome, using two scores, and identify possible determinants in order to design and implement preventive strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2019 and July 2020. Participants underwent medical history collection, physical examination, and blood tests. CVR was calculated using CUORE and Framingham Risk Scores. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted having …the scores as dependent variables. Diagnostic tests were used for checking model assumptions. RESULTS: The study was carried out including 525 participants, 58.5% physicians and 32.1% nurses. Multivariate analysis was carried out only for men, since the pp plot for the whole population and for females for the dependent variables showed some evidence of non-normality, and the residual plot shows variance of the residuals was not constant across the range of fitted values. CVR, using the Framingham equation, directly correlated with age (β = 0.260; p < 0.001). Using the CUORE score, qualification as a physician (p < 0.001) is associated with a lower risk of having a CVR, while age (p < 0.001) is directly proportional to this risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age consistently emerges as a prominent factor, positively influencing both the Framingham risk score and CUORE score, but this association was found only for men. Being a doctor is a protective factor for the CUORE score. Show more
Keywords: Framingham, CUORE score, healthcare workers, cardiovascular diseases, cardiac event
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220701
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Boden, Leslie I. | Pan, Yixin | Gregas, Matt | McTernan, Melissa | Peters, Susan E. | Bhagia, Div | Wagner, Gregory R. | Sabbath, Erika L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have addressed whether using manager or worker perceptions of safety policies and practices alone predict reported injury rates less accurately than using both. OBJECTIVE: This study provides an example and describes a method that can be used to address this issue with survey instruments designed to measure safety climate, policies, or practices. METHODS: Using multilevel logistic regression, we estimated the relationship between worker and manager perceptions of a given exposure and the odds of worker injury during the post-survey year for three safety scales. We tested whether surveying both workers and managers provides …additional predictive value compared with surveying just one group, RESULTS: Injury in the year following the survey was significantly associated with worker scores on two of the three scales. Manager responses were not significantly associated with injury and did not significantly improve injury rate prediction when added to a model with only worker survey responses. CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of manager-only or worker-only perceptions of safety policies and practices to predict worker injuries should be established before choosing to survey just one or the other. The approach and findings in this paper can be applied to other survey instruments and in other settings to help make this choice. Show more
Keywords: Survey research, safety policies and practices, injury prevention, occupational safety and health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240029
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Björk-Fant, Janina M. | Nordmyr, Johanna | Forsman, Anna K.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-life balance is associated with many positive effects at multiple levels and demands increased research attention. In the international literature on work-life balance, the term “gendered life-course” has been used to describe the differences between men and women in work biographies. However, whether this term applies to the Nordic work context remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This study examined Finnish men’s and women’s subjective experience of the association between work-life balance and the psychosocial work environment (work demands and social support at work) across the life course, devoting special attention to family life stages encompassing the care of (young) …children. METHODS: Data from the Quality of Work Life Survey 2018 were utilized to conduct binary logistic regression analyses (N = 3790). Separate analyses were conducted for men and women. RESULTS: A significant association between family life stage and high work-life balance was found for women but not for men in the Finnish working life. Women in family life stages involving the care of young, dependent children reported the lowest odds of high work-life balance. For both men and women, a positive association between social support at work and high work-life balance was found, while a negative association was found between work demands and high work-life balance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial factors in both the work and family settings for work-life balance. Further, the findings call for an expanded focus on gender equality, also including issues in unpaid work in addition to issues in paid work. Show more
Keywords: Work-life balance, psychosocial factors, life span, gender equality, scandinavian and nordic countries, work environment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230166
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Rossetto, Gianluca | Sala, Emma | Albertelli, Ivan Ferdinando | Donatoni, Claudio | Mazzali, Marco | Merlino, Valeria | Paraggio, Emilio | De Palma, Giuseppe | Lopomo, Nicola Francesco
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of work-related tasks with potential biomechanical overload on the musculoskeletal system represents an essential socio-economical challenge. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map the current literature to identify musculoskeletal disorders and diseases among healthcare professionals and define the approaches used to assess these problems. METHODS: The analysis was developed according to the JBI methodologies for scoping reviews and reported following the PRISMA-ScR framework. RESULTS: We conducted specific searches on online databases; of the 357 articles initially identified, only 118 met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Despite some discrepancies in their …unambiguous identification, the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare professionals is unequivocal. On the other hand, using technology as a supporting evaluation tool still needs to be explored. Furthermore, several improvements are required to enhance the quality of work and simplify the analysis across studies. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare professionals, musculoskeletal disorders, questionnaire, assessment technologies
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230577
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Memon, Muhammad Rizwan | Memon, Hina | Memon, Sarwat | Memon, Shahzad | Bhurgri, Humera | Baig, Muhammad Nadeem | Khattak, Osama | Iqbal, Azhar | Issrani, Rakhi | Prabhu, Namdeo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Safety signs are very important communication tools for accident prevention, fire safety, health hazard information, and emergency evacuation. However, they are helpful only when properly designed and understood by employees. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess the awareness of health and safety signs amongst health care workers including doctors, dentists and paramedics in different health care sectors across Pakistan. METHODS: Data was collected via Google forms circulated through WhatsApp social media to predetermined groups of health care professionals to assess their understanding of safety signs across different health sectors. The survey …included questions pertaining to awareness of 19 different health and safety signs complied with International Organization for Standardization 1710 and the Safety Signs and Signal Regulations 1996 chosen randomly. RESULTS: A total of 987 people participated in our study and were asked to comprehend the meaning of nineteen health and safety signs. The mean comprehension score for 19 signs was 42.2%. The mean score for warning signs was the lowest and fire safety signs was highest. The lowest comprehension scores were for oxygen cylinder sign (W029) 7.5% and highest for first aid sign (E003) 75.9%. Only two signs, that are first aid (E003) and mandatory gloves (M009) had acceptable comprehensive score of 75.9% and 73.7% respectively as per ISO 7010 i.e. >67%. Statistically significant differences were found only for trip hazard sign (W007) with respect to education and for risks of bomb explosion (W002), ionising radiation (W009), evacuation assembly point (E007), location of automated external heart defibrillator (E010) and mandatory gloves (M009) with work experience. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we conclude that there is dire need of special and frequent training to better recognize the safety signs amongst health care employees since these kinds of interventions promote early detection of hazards and their associated risks. Thus, we propose that health care safety sign training must be included in every health care profession curriculum. Show more
Keywords: Safety, health care, accident prevention, workplace, curriculum, emergencies
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240064
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Tang, Meirun | Fu, Lifei
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Amidst the post-COVID-19 economic downturn and the expanding higher education landscape in China, employee employment challenges have given rise to the widespread overqualification issue. This phenomenon has attracted extensive attention and is prompting a need for an in-depth exploration of perceived overqualification. However, existing studies predominantly concentrate on its outcomes rather than antecedents, leaving a notable gap in understanding the influence mechanism between individual advantageous resources (e.g., job embeddedness, career adaptability) and overqualification, particularly in specific events such as career shocks. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the interplay between employees’ career adaptability, job embeddedness, and the …mediating role of relative deprivation in shaping perceived overqualification, particularly in the aftermath of career shocks. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis was conducted using data gathered from 339 questionnaire responses. Partial Least Square (PLS) path analysis, R’s necessary condition analysis (NCA), and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm were employed to scrutinize the relationships and identify critical factors influencing perceived overqualification. RESULTS: The findings indicate that after encountering career shocks, career adaptability and job embeddedness not only directly impact perceived overqualification but also exert their influence indirectly through the mediation of relative deprivation; Career adaptability, job embeddedness, and relative deprivation are necessary conditions for perceived overqualification, with relative deprivation having the most significant impact. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, focusing on the psychological changes of employees after suffering career shocks provides valuable guidance for managers in channelling the emotional and cognitive responses of their employees. Show more
Keywords: Conservation of Resources Theory, Turnover Unfolding Model, Relative Deprivation, Career Shocks, Overqualification, Necessary Conditions Analysis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230587
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Chen, Na | Hu, Yitong | Liang, Man | Qin, Xiangnan | Liu, Jun
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research on muscle activity to reduce injuries during firefighting training has getting increasing attention. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the activity changes in nine muscles of firefighters during the seven firefighting training programs, and to analyze the influence of different firefighting training programs on muscle activity. METHODS: Ten healthy male firefighters were recruited to measure the field surface electromyographic activities (including the percentage of Maximum Voluntary Contraction electromyography (% MVC) and the integrated electromyography value (iEMG)) during all the firefighting training programs. RESULTS: The results showed that the electromyographic …activity of gastrocnemius (GA) was stronger in climbing the hooked ladder and climbing the six-meter long ladder training programs. Arms, shoulders, and lower limb muscles were more activated, myoelectric activities were more intense, and fatigue in these areas was more likely to occur during climbing five-story building with loads. Compared with other muscles, erector spine (ES) had a higher degree of activation during different postures of water shooting. The Borg scale scores of shoulders, trunk, thighs and calves were also higher. CONCLUSION: After completing all training programs, GA, tibialis anterior (TA), trapezius (TR), and ES were strongly activated, and all muscles had obvious force. The % MVC and iEMG analyses correspond well with the Borg Scale score. The results can provide certain reference for reducing the musculoskeletal injury of firefighters, carrying out scientific training and formulating effective injury prevention measures for them. Show more
Keywords: Firefighter, muscle activity, ergonomics, surface electromyography (sEMG), % MVC, iEMG, firefighting training program
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230614
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Yağar, Fedayi | Gerçek, Emine | Dökme Yağar, Sema | Tunç, Ahmet
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Social capital is an important resource that enables employees to build trust-based relationships with other individuals and groups in the workplace. Although the evidence reveals the effect of employee empowerment on burnout, the moderator role of social capital in this relationship is still unexplored. However, considering the health employees who have mental health problems and increased dissatisfaction with the COVID-19 epidemic, the importance of determining the antecedent factors that may affect burnout plays an even more critical role. OBJECTIVE: The effect of the epidemic process on the burnout level of health employees was examined. In addition, the …effect of employee empowerment on burnout was examined and the moderate role of social capital was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 492 health employee completed the measures of social capital, perceived empowerment, and burnout. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results. RESULTS: The burnout levels of health employees were low (2.00±1.34). Social capital had a moderating effect on the negative effect of employee empowerment on burnout (β = 0.191). Apart from that, employee empowerment (β = –0.192) and social capital (β = –0.508) were negatively associated with burnout level (p < 0.05). CONLUSION: These results are expected to provide useful recommendations to management in the health sector to reduce burnout among health employees by focusing on social capital and employee empowerment. Show more
Keywords: Social relations, employee productivity, psychological problems, pandemic, hospitals, Turkey
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230049
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Ollé-Espluga, Laia | Vargas-Leguas, Hernán | Torrens Mèlich, Lluís | Juan Serra, Marta | Arcas, Maria Marta | Cortès-Franch, Imma
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2018, Barcelona City Council implemented a pilot phase of an organisational change in the municipal home care service (HCS) system. Inspired in the Buurtzorg model, the new model promotes the creation of self-managing teams operating in a restricted community setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the pilot phase of the new model, focusing on employees’ working and employment conditions as well as on their health and well-being outcomes. METHODS: Mixed-methods impact evaluation. First, a quantitative evaluation was conducted between October 2018 and October 2020, using a pre-post study design with one pretest and two posttest measurements …in an intervention and a comparison group. The intervention group was composed of the members of the work teams implemented in the pilot phase from October 2018 onwards (baseline n = 44). The comparison group consisted of workers from the same districts working under the usual HCS system (baseline n = 72). Next, a qualitative study was conducted in workers from the intervention group in winter 2021–2022 (n = 10). RESULTS: The pre-post study results yielded positive changes for the intervention group in social support and autonomy, as well as in many of the employment conditions. This group also experienced increases in psychological demands, painful positions, fatigue and psychological distress. Two main themes affecting workers’ well-being emerged from the interviews: factors inherent to the self-management model and external factors. CONCLUSIONS: Health and well-being outcomes seem to depend on the balance between job demands, resources, and ways of channelling conflicts within teams. Show more
Keywords: Home care services, self-organising teams, employment conditions, working conditions, health, evaluation study
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230668
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Matheson, Leonard N. | Verna, Joe L. | Mayer, John M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multidimensional Task Ability Profile (MTAP) is a measure of self reported physical work capacity developed for injured workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to determine readiness to return to work. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the concurrent validity of a new short form MTAP (MTAP-SF) comprised of 16 lifting and/or carrying items with the MTAP 55-item version. The hypothesis addressed is whether the validity of a version that imposes less respondent burden (MTAP-SF) would be comparable to the more burdensome instrument (MTAP-55). METHODS: MTAP scores were compared with demonstrated lift capacity in 1,252 healthy adults. Parallel …regression analyses were conducted to examine the explanatory power of both MTAP versions. RESULTS: Age, gender, body mass and MTAP-SF explained 55% of the variance (p < 0.001) in demonstrated lift capacity, equivalent to MTAP-55. CONCLUSIONS: Self reported performance in physical work capacity tasks accounts for significant variance in lifting performance. MTAP-SF diminishes respondent burden while maintaining validity and may be useful for managing MSDs by enhancing understanding of the evaluee’s psychophysical component in return-to-work rehabilitation planning. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, work capacity evaluation, return to work, functional capacity evaluation, physical functional performance, occupational health, disability evaluation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230438
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Jia, Hongyan | Liang, Shuanrong
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Today’s youth is facing environmental changes. The environmental behavior of adolescents is critical to mitigating the negative impacts of these environmental problems. OBJECTIVE: According to value – basis theory and Value-Belief-Norm theory, the current research examines the link between biospheric values and pro-environmental behavior, together with the mediating and moderating effects of environmental self-identity and environmental concern. METHODS: We conducted cluster sampling of students in grades four to nine. A total of 1,053 students participated in the survey, and 763 valid data records were finally obtained (the return rate was 72.46%). RESULTS: The …findings indicated that: (1) there was a significant positive correlation between adolescents’ biospheric values and pro-environmental behavior; (2) there was a significant positive correlation between adolescent biospheric values and environmental self-identity; there was a significant correlation between adolescents’ environmental self-identity and pro-environmental behavior. The relationship between biospheric values and adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior is mediated by environmental self-identity; (3) adolescents’ environmental concern moderates their biospheric values and affects the latter half of pro-environmental behavior through environmental self-identity. Environmental self-identity has a greater predictive impact on pro-environmental behavior when there is a higher level of environmental concern. CONCLUSIONS: This paper proposes and verifies the positive relationship between biospheric values and adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior, as well as the mediating role of environmental self-identity and the moderating role of adolescents’ environmental concern. Show more
Keywords: Pro-environmental behavior, biospheric values, environmental self-identity, environmental concern, adolescents
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230471
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Honkonen, Niina | Lamminpää, Anne | Liira, Juha
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work ability meetings (WAM) are an essential and common tool of disability management in occupational health services in Finland. Meetings are held between an employee, a supervisor, and an occupational physician (OP). The aim is mainly to support work ability. OBJECTIVES: To describe challenges and resolutions in the meetings as described by OPs. METHODS: An internet survey was emailed to the members (n = 1304) of the Finnish Society of Occupational Health Physicians in August 2014. We asked physicians to describe those WAMs they had attended, especially challenges and resolutions concerning WAM. RESULTS: A …total of 302 (23%) OPs responded to the survey. Most severe of the challenges were personal conflicts and a lack of confidence between the parties at the workplace. Also, the participants’ views may differ about the purpose and goal of the meeting. The respondents noted that the employer might be unable to organize modified work for disabled employees. As a resolution, OPs need to prepare well and maintain their professional and neutral role in WAMs in all cases. OPs also mentioned the need for training in insurance medicine and rehabilitation as well as skills as a mediator. CONCLUSIONS: WAM is a potential tool for return to work and disability management in collaboration between employees, employers, and occupational health when all the participants reach a common goal and become aware of their role in the process. OPs need to recognize possible conflicting interests and contact each party before WAM. Keeping confidentiality in WAMs is a crucial matter. Show more
Keywords: Cooperation within the workplace, occupational health, communication, return to work, supervisor, negotiation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230331
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Bulut, Aliye | Atici, Erhan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is crucial that emergency health workers respond to people exposed to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear agents appropriately and in a timely manner. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to find out how much Turkish emergency health workers know about chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards, as well as identify what possible factors contribute to their level of knowledge. METHOD: The data were collected from 321 participants using a personal information form as well as a questionnaire about chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards prepared in accordance with the literature. RESULTS: The results revealed …that the place of residence and status of choosing the profession willingly showed no difference in terms of being trained on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards (p > 0.05). Likewise, the participants under the age of 25 years, who were single and had a tenure of less than 10 years highly believed that they did ‘not have a sufficient grasp of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards’. Women also highly believed that they did ‘not have a solid grasp of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards.’ CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals who work in high-risk zones should be given compulsory training about chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards so that they become more aware of how to best deal with such situations. Show more
Keywords: CBRN threats, emergency health workers, health personnel, knowledge level
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230219
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Pélissier, Carole | Varano, Mariasole | Moulin, Martine | Carcasset, Pierre | Fontana, Luc
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In a context of reorganization of the activity, of increase of the psychological, emotional and physical constraints of the nursing staff induced by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of the anxiety disorders could occur. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety disorders in healthcare workers (HCWs) by wards and to investigate medical, personal, and occupational factors associated with anxiety disorder. METHODS: In France, in May 2020, a monocentric observational cross-sectional study was proposed to 285 HCWs of the University Hospital of Saint Etienne, working in 3 types of …randomly selected care wards. Information was collected using an anonymous self-questionnaire offered to eligible HCWs. Validated questionnaires were used to assess anxiety (Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory). RESULTS: Of the 164 HCWs who participated in the study (57% participation rate), 69 (42%) caregivers had anxious symptomatology. The prevalence of anxiety disorders did not differ significantly by type of wards. Anxiety disorders are significantly associated with occupational factors (increased COVID-19 stress level, increased emotional load, increased mental load, high work/life stress during confinement, emotional exhaustion and loss of empathy), with medical factors (medical history of anxiety disorders, psychotropic treatment and impaired sleep quality) and personal factors (concern about working conditions and/or media reports). CONCLUSIONS: Preventive actions focusing on organizational factors could be carried out to reduce the emotional and mental load, the level of stress and the burnout of HCWs. Show more
Keywords: First wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, mental health, occupational stress, burnout
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230428
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Rogerson, Shane | Brearley, Matt
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the event of a severe occupational heat-related illness, paramedic assistance may not be immediately available. A worker’s survival may depend on their co-workers access to efficacious field-based cooling modalities. One cooling method that has been claimed to be practical in field-based settings is the ice towel method. OBJECTIVES: This case study assessed the practicality of the ice towel method in an industrial setting, where criteria for use include cost effectiveness, portability, scalability, and implementation by a single worker under the stress of an emergency. METHODS: This case study describes the emergency application of the …ice towel method while awaiting paramedics, for a worker suffering suspected exertional heat stroke on a remote job site. RESULTS: Ice towels were able to be transported to a remote field site and applied successfully by a single worker under the stress of a potentially life-threatening emergency. CONCLUSIONS: The ice towel method was cost effective, scalable, transportable, and rapidly applied in a field-based emergency. This case study demonstrates the importance of organizations assessing their heat-related risks, and determining controls based upon their efficacy and practicality for their unique setting. Show more
Keywords: Core temperature, heat stroke, heat illness, workers
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240060
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Liedberg, Gunilla M. | Björk, Mathilda | Coutu, Marie-France | Durand, Marie-José | Turesson, Christina
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A well-defined and clear procedure is a key factor supporting return-to-work and enhancing collaboration and understanding between employers and employees. The adaptation of the Tool for Support-Gradual Return to Work, TS-GRTW, addresses relevant cultural aspects valuable for wider adoption. OBJECTIVE: develop a Swedish version, the GRTWswe, for implementation and integration into the Swedish labor market’s RTW process. This involved translating, culturally adapting, and assessing the appropriateness and utility. METHODS: In the initial step, a double back translation was performed to create an initial translated version. This version was then utilized in individual consultations, accompanied by …an agreement questionnaire. For the subsequent step, group consultations were held to refine and customize the tool to suit the Swedish context. Ten occupational therapists completed the questionnaires, with mean agreement scores surpassing three on a four-point scale. Out of these, nine participated in group consultations. RESULTS: The findings suggest the requirement for specific modifications to the GRTWswe. These adaptations are essential because of cultural differences in organizational structures and reference frameworks. Moreover, participants unanimously agreed to broaden the scope of target groups, encompassing employees without regard for diagnosis and expanding the range of professions that can utilize this tool. This step aims to enhance the tool’s applicability and usefulness. CONCLUSIONS: The study found strong alignment between questionnaire responses and group consultations outcomes, affirming the adapted tool’s suitability for use in a Swedish context. The tool benefits employers and employees by enhancing communication, encouraging collaboration, and structuring processes, promising lasting improvements to work conditions. Show more
Keywords: Return-to-work, vocational rehabilitation, chronic pain, instrument development, cross cultural comparison, occupational therapist
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230665
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Myles, Louise | Massy-Westropp, Nicola | Barnett, Fiona
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable assessment of hand function. Interpretation of HGS is commonly done using normative data. Normative HGS data HGS considers the influence of age and gender without adjustment for anthropometric measurements or functional factors known to influence HGS. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential relationship of select anthropometric measurements (height, weight, hand length and width, forearm length and circumference) and functional factors (hand dominance, work and lifestyle category) to HGS. METHODS: This study included a sample of 119 males and 96 female workers from North Queensland. HGS and six anthropometric measurements were …obtained using calibrated instruments and reliable measurement protocols. Age and gender along with three functional factors were documented by self-report. RESULTS: Right and left mean HGS was greater for individuals who performed heavy/very heavy work (58.1±10.1 kg and 54.1±10.9 kg respectively) compared to light (38.5±12.3 kg and 35.5±11.8 kg) or medium work (44.1±10.8 kg and 40.0±12.9 kg). Mean HGS was greater for individuals who performed heavy/very heavy activity (right 48.5±13.6 kg and left 44.5±13.7 kg) compared to light activity (right 36.3±11.2 kg and left 33.9±11.3 kg) within their lifestyle. HGS positively correlated with gender (p = 0.0001), work (p = 0.001) and anthropometric measurements of forearm circumference (p = 0.001), hand length (p = 0.006) and hand width (p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Easy to measure anthropometric measurements of forearm circumference, hand length and width are the strongest predictors of HGS in addition to an individual’s physical activity at work and in their lifestyle. Consideration of these factors could lead to improved evaluation of HGS scores. Show more
Keywords: Key words: Hand grip strength, JAMAR dynamometer, normative data, hand anthropometry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230519
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Jin, Haizhe | Zhou, Junnan | Zhang, Jiahao | Fu, Yongyan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The performance of healthcare workers directly impacts patient safety and treatment outcomes. This was particularly evident during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze research trends on factors influencing work performance among healthcare workers through bibliometric analysis and conduct a comparative analysis from macro and micro perspectives before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to complement the existing research. METHODS: This study involved a bibliometric analysis of 1408 articles related to work performance in the healthcare field published between 2010 and 2023, using the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases, …and 37 articles were selected to determine the factors influencing work performance. RESULTS: By conducting a bibliometric analysis of the articles based on country, institution, journal, co-cited references, and keywords, this study identified a significant growth trend regarding the factors influencing work performance in the healthcare field, and research hotspots shifted from organizational factors like standard towards psychological factors such as burnout, anxiety, and depression following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, this study extracted 10 micro-level and 9 macro-level influencing factors from the selected articles for supplementary analysis. Furthermore, this study conducted a comparative analysis of the impact of these factors on work performance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This study addressed the limitations of previous studies regarding incomplete extraction of factors influencing work performance and unclear comparisons of parameters before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provide insights and guidance for improving the performance of healthcare workers. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare workers, work performance, influencing factors, COVID-19 pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230327
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-20, 2024
Authors: Willeke, Kristina | Janson, Patrick | Kirchner, Anna | Tischer, Christina | D’Souza, Arun | Heuschmann, Peter U. | Zapf, Andreas | Wildner, Manfred | Stupp, Carolin | Keil, Thomas
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared to workers of larger companies it is less clear what health promoting interventions might be beneficial for employees of small businesses and self-employed individuals. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to critically appraise trials investigating health promotion programs among small business workers and self-employed individuals, by means of a systematic review. METHODS: We conducted a search of primary studies using MEDLINE, Web of Science, LIVIVO and the Cochrane library. Our assessment followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA. RESULTS: We identified six trials including 5,854 participants from …Asia, North America and Australia. Most were of moderate methodological quality, only one was of low quality. Some of the supervised psycho-educational lifestyle programs focusing on individual behavior changes showed benefits in terms of stress reduction and increased physical activity levels among small enterprise employees. CONCLUSIONS: There is a huge knowledge gap on evidence-based health promotion interventions for self-employed and for small business workers, especially in Europe. Show more
Keywords: Intervention, small business, medium-sized business, microenterprise, occupational health, health promotion, systematic review, wellness programs
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230441
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Chen, Yin-Che | Wang, Yu-Hsiang | Chu, Hui-Chuang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Workplace friendships, which are informal relationships in the workplace, foster mutual trust, assistance, and emotional support and create a sense of belonging among coworkers. Employees with positive perceptions of their job responsibilities, psychological needs, and work environment experience happiness, satisfaction, and an overall sense of well-being. A heightened sense of well-being in the workplace positively affects employee satisfaction with job tasks and the work environment, reinforcing employees’ sense of belonging and organizational commitment. OBJECTIVE: The study proposed and validated a theoretical model, with meta-analytic structural equation modeling employed to conduct quantitative, empirical research on workplace friendships, well-being, …and organizational commitment in Taiwan and to analyze correlations between relevant variables. METHODS: The theoretical model was further validated through structural equation modeling, which yielded favorable goodness of fit in terms of various indicators. RESULTS: The mediating effect of well-being was verified through bootstrapping analysis. Within a 95% confidence interval, the total effect size of workplace friendships on organizational commitment was 0.549, which is the sum of its direct effect (0.255) and indirect effect (0.294). CONCLUSIONS: This finding indicates that well-being plays a mediating role in the association between workplace friendships and organizational commitment. The proposed theoretical model in this study is supported. Finally, the research results are discussed, and practical suggestions are provided. Show more
Keywords: Workplace friendship, well-being, organizational commitment, meta-analytic structural equation modeling
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230482
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Askaripoor, Taleb | Siadat, Morteza | Saleh, Elahe | Aghaei, Hamed
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents remain a critical challenge for healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, using the Bayesian network (BN) approach association among resilience, job satisfaction, stress, and occupational accidents among healthcare professionals is examined. METHODS: Data was gathered using several valid questionnaires. The BN approach was utilized to analyze the r5/31/2024ionships between the variables of the current study. The performance of BN analysis was evaluated using related indexes. RESULTS: In total, 300 healthcare professionals participated in this study. Results showed that almost 23% of healthcare professionals had experienced occupational accidents. Results of the …sensitivity analysis demonstrated that job satisfaction had the most significant influence on occupational accidents in healthcare settings. The belief updating analysis results showed that by increasing job satisfaction and decreasing stress of healthcare professionals the occurrence of occupational accidents decreased 9.8% and 6.4%, respectively. Moreover, decreasing the stress of healthcare professionals can lead to an increase in the level of job satisfaction. Evaluation indexes showed that the performance of the developed BN was acceptable (error rate: 16.09). CONCLUSION: The Findings reveal that both job satisfaction and stress had a significant influence on occupational accidents in healthcare professionals. Moreover, by influencing job satisfaction and stress, resilience can indirectly affect occupational accidents. Show more
Keywords: Resilience, job satisfaction, accidents, Bayes theorem, hospitals, occupational stress
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240178
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Fortin-Bédard, Noémie | Bouchard, David | Ladry, Naomie-Jade | Lettre, Josiane | Normand, Boucher | Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon | Lecours, Alexandra | Perreault, Kadija | Annie, LeBlanc | Routhier, FranÇcois | Lamontagne, Marie-Eve
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, protection and isolation measures established by the Canadian and Quebec governments have directly affected the work of health and social professionals (HSPs). These measures have added pressure on HSPs, complexified their work and added tasks to their already busy workload. However, few studies have explored in depth the impacts of the pandemic on HSPs working with people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of HSPs working among people with disabilities in the province of Quebec, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic …(January and February 2021), including the impact on their work, the relationships with their colleagues, and on their immediate social and familial environment. METHODS: HSPs participated in a semi-structured interview. A mixed thematic analysis approach, combining inductive and deductive coding, was carried out using N’Vivo 12. RESULTS: Fifty-five HSPs participated in the interviews (mean [SD] age, 42 [9 ]). They mostly identified as women (91% ). Three main themes representing the impacts of the pandemic were identified, including 1) Health and Well-being; 2) Family and social networks including the subthemes; 2.1) Fear of being a vector of contamination for their loved ones; 2.2) Work-family balance; 2.3) Social Network, and finally 3) Work, highlighting, including 3.1) Workload and adaptative strategies developed; 3.2) Relationship with colleagues; 3.3) Perceived support received at work, and 3.4) Services offered to patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of closely tracking and supporting the well-being of HSPs. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare, COVID-19, qualitative research, work, disabled persons, social support, coping skills, work-life balance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230404
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Eklund, Annika | Sterner, Anders | Nilsson, Maria Skyvell | Larsman, Pernilla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Transition programs for newly graduated nurses in hospital settings are reported to provide learning opportunities, strengthening confidence, workplace integration and skills, retention and job satisfaction. Still, our knowledge of long-term effects is scarce and few studies have used control groups. OBJECTIVE: To explore the long-term impact of having attended a transition program on the nurses’ experiences of the first years of practice. More specifically, ideology-infused psychological contract, ethical stress, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, opportunities for learning, and intention to stay in the nursing profession, were explored as outcome variables. METHODS: …A questionnaire survey was carried out among registered nurses from November 2019 to January 2020, with a 54% response rate. The analysis was based on 149 nurses who had attended a transition program, and 72 who had not attended. The nurses had seniority between one and three years. Independent samples t -test were used to investigate differences between the groups. RESULTS: The two groups showed small and non-significant differences in the outcome variables. However, regarding the frequency of ethical value conflicts induced by insufficient resources, as well as experiences of ethical value conflict distress, the group of nurses who had attended a transition program showed statistically significantly higher mean values, although the effect sizes were small. CONCLUSION: Newly graduated nurses need more than transition programs and skills training to progress in their nursing role and develop competence, increase job satisfaction, and reduce stress. Achieving these goals requires a long-term supportive learning environment that is integrated into everyday work. Show more
Keywords: New graduated nurses, transition, well-being, job satisfaction, moral distress, turnover, hospital work environment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230537
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Davenport, Todd E. | Lee, Alan C. | Raja, Bhavana | Stark, Matthew L. | Reed, Christopher | Magnusson, Dawn M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Telehealth is becoming more prevalent in physical therapy, involving a whole host of clinical services. These services are often provided without structured training in telehealth, and no formal curricula currently exist for this purpose. OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of educational competencies (ECs) to guide instruction of telehealth-related skills in entry-level programs (i.e., Doctor of Physical Therapy), existing programs (i.e., residencies and fellowships), and potential future post-graduate programs specific to telehealth physical therapy. METHODS: Physical therapists and physical therapist assistants from diverse geographic locations and practice areas were invited to participate on …an expert panel. A modified Delphi process was then used to evaluate the acceptability of draft ECs gathered from the extant literature by a steering group. Draft ECs were presented to the expert panel on a questionnaire, which asked expert participants to rate each draft EC according to applicability and clarity. Draft ECs were accepted if they met a priori established criteria for acceptability and clarity. Unendorsed ECs were revised by the steering group according to open-ended comments from respondents and presented during a subsequent round. Three rounds of surveys were undertaken. RESULTS: Thirty-eight participants formed the expert panel; 38 participants completed the Round 1 survey, 28 participants completed the Round 2 survey, and 24 participants completed the Round 3 survey. Delphi group members approved 48 ECs in the first round, 23 ECs in the second round, and 2 ECs in the third round. There were 4 ECs that remained unendorsed after the modified Delphi process. Endorsed ECs spanned 7 conceptual areas. Distinct sets of ECs characterized expected end points of first professional degree, existing residency and fellowship, and potential future telehealth physical therapy post-graduate program. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus-based ECs identified in this study may guide instruction in knowledge and skills relevant to physical therapy telehealth. Show more
Keywords: Mobile health, virtual medicine, ehealth, telecare, competency based education, education, delphi study, consensus development
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230618
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Hsieh, Yu-Wen | Huang, Charles Lung-Cheng
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Police work, known for its high stress, exhibits elevated depression rates. OBJECTIVE: This study explores stress and depression in male officers, examining personality traits, coping strategies, family, and social support. Aligned with the diathesis–stress hypothesis and job demands–resources model, it aims to illuminate these factors in policing. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-four male police officers from Yunlin, Taiwan were enrolled in this study. Structured measurements of stress level, depression symptoms, personality traits, family functioning, and social support were made. We used multiple regression analysis to assess predictors of stress level and depression …and identified coping strategies used by the police officers. RESULTS: Of the 264 male police officers, 36.4% had clinically significant depression. Occupational stress was mostly related to organizational factors. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, personality traits, officer’s rank, and period of education obtained could predict police officers’ occupational stress. Personality traits, social support, occupational stress, and period of education obtained could predict depression. The most frequently used coping strategies were drinking and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study support the diathesis–stress hypothesis and the job demands–resources model. Enhancing male police officers’ mental well-being requires addressing key factors like social support and occupational stress. Strategic measures, such as mental health education, destigmatization, counseling, and community-building, are vital. Policymakers should collaborate with mental health professionals for tailored interventions, fostering a healthier work environment. Show more
Keywords: Occupational stress, depression, police, diathesis–stress hypothesis, coping strategies, personality traits
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230452
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Júdice, Pedro B. | Silva, Hélio | Teno, Sabrina C. | Hetherington-Rauth, Megan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged periods of sitting have been linked to negative health outcomes. Implementation of sit-stand desks in the workplace has been one strategy to reduce prolonged sitting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of sit-stand workstations on reducing sitting time and improving other health outcomes of office-based workers. METHODS: 39 Portuguese office workers were randomized into a 6-month parallel-group cluster RCT consisting by the implementation of sit-stand desks in the workplace. The primary outcome of sitting time was assessed using ActivPAL. Secondary outcomes included biometric, psychological, and diet-related variables. All outcomes were assessed at …baseline and 6 months for the whole sample and at 3 months for a sub-sample of the intervention group (n = 11). RESULTS: No significant time*group interaction was found for the primary or secondary outcomes, apart from waist circumference favoring the control group (Δ –1.81 cm, pinteraction = 0.04). There were significant changes within the intervention group for sitting time (–44.0 min/day), prolonged sitting (>30 min) (–45.3 min/day) and standing time (51.7 min/day) at 3 months in the sub-sample and in prolonged sitting (>30 min) (–26 min/day) in the full intervention group (p < 0.05). Changes were also observed within the intervention group for percent body fat (Δ –3.7%) and ratings of quality of life (Δ 2.2), musculoskeletal discomfort (Δ –4.9), overall fatigue (Δ –2.2), and the need for recovery after work (Δ –1.7) at 6-month follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although not being effective for reducing sitting time, the implementation of sit-stand desks in the Portuguese workspace was shown to be feasible over the long term, received well by users, and may offer other health benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registration, OSF.IO/JHGPW. Registered 15 November 2022. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW. Show more
Keywords: Sitting time, sedentary behavior, contextual modification, ActivPAL, standing time
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230624
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Vitale, Elsa | Mea, Rocco | Chang, Yun-Chen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In Italy, cultural and professional nursing improvements are reached thanks to the university-based education which marks the clinical competency and the professional autonomy in nursing decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To highlight how Italian nurses perceived their nursing autonomy level in the main action-points highlighted in the Italian regulation law according to sex, age, work experience, education, shift and ward. METHODS: A cohort explorative study was carried out from September 2022 to January 2023 to highlight how Italian nurses perceived their nursing autonomy levels in the main action-points highlighted in the Italian regulation law for the nursing profession …according to demographic characteristics, like: gender, age, work of experience, education, shift, ward employment. RESULTS: A total of 403 nurses were enrolled. Significant differences were recorded in: decision-making authority in patient care and shift (p ≤0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.045); ability to initiate nursing interventions and education (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.011); collaboration and communication with healthcare team members and education (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p = 0.010); independence in clinical judgment and critical thinking and shift (p < 0.001); responsibility for the planning and evaluation of nursing care and education (p = 0.005) and shift (p = 0.002) and ward employment (p = 0.013); autonomy in professional development and continuing education and shift (p < 0.001) and ward employment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted the intricate world both of the healthcare surrounding and the abilities to act autonomously within the multiprofessional staff. Future studies will develop qualitative and phenomenological designs in order to better define in which fields nurses will act their professional autonomy. Show more
Keywords: Age, nursing, professional autonomy, sex, shift work schedule, ward, work experience
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230740
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Baytak, Sevgi | Dogru-Huzmeli, Esra | Uysal, Halil Hakan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Caring for neurological patients poses a serious burden on caregivers, even in normal times. It is likely that this burden has become even more painful post-COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care burden of those who care for patients with chronic neurological diseases. METHODS: The study included 50 patients and 50 caregivers. All the tests were conducted twice, it was answered firstly, according to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic, and secondly, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The depression levels of the patients and caregivers were assessed with the Beck …Depression Scale, their sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, their quality of life was assessed with the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, and caregivers’ burden of care was evaluated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. RESULTS: It was observed at the end of the study that the depression levels of patients (p = 0.00), and caregivers (p = 0.00) increased post-COVID-19 pandemic, the sleep quality of caregivers (p = 0.00), and patients (p = 0.02) decreased post-COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, it was determined that caregivers’ burden of care increased (p = 0.00). Sub-parameters of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey, physical functioning (p = 0.02), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.00), and role limitations due to emotional problems (p = 0.03) decreased for caregivers. CONCLUSION: In summary, we concluded that the well-being and psychological status of both patients and their caregivers were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, burden, neurological disorders, caregiver, quality of life, depression
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230710
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Medic-Pericevic, Sonja | Mikov, Ivan | Spanovic, Milorad | Maric, Nada | Zvekic-Svorcan, Jelena | Krasnik, Rastislava
Article Type: Case Report
Abstract: BACKGROUND: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is upper-limb disorder, more frequent in women. It is rarely recognized as an occupational disease. OBJECTIVE: In this paper we reported work related de Quervain’s tenosynovitis in cow milker. METHODS: Ergonomic risk factors were assessed by utilizing assessment of repetitive tasks (ART) of the upper limbs method. Physical examination and imaging exams were used. RESULTS: We presented a 36-year-old female agricultural worker (workplace cow milker) exposed to work factors (forceful hand/wrist exertions, repetition, extreme postures) for 14 years. She was suffering the pain in the right …hand, mainly near the thumb for few years. She was treated conservatively and surgically, however disability was permanent. Clinical examination showed slight edema of the right hand, increased palm’s sweating. Patient had reduced range of movements and grip strength. CONCLUSIONS: Report shows that work-related factors were strongly associated with diagnosed de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Hand function plays an essential role in carrying out activities of daily living and this disorder pose a relevant burden of disease. Exposure to biomechanical factors should be an important initial target for the prevention of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis in the working population. Show more
Keywords: Work related musculoskeletal disorder, agriculture, workplace, treatment, disability, employee health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230135
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2024
Authors: Han, Lei | Du, Zhigang | He, Shiming
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of traffic sign information volume (TSIV) on the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers were investigated in this study. TSIV plays a crucial role in road traffic safety, and understanding its impact on drivers is essential for designing effective traffic sign systems. OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to compare the visual characteristics and workload of novice and experienced drivers under varying TSIV doses through simulated driving tests. The objective was to provide insights for optimizing the design of road TSIV. METHODS: Six TSIV levels were considered: S0, S1, …S2, S3, S4, and S5, representing different workload levels. Participants, including both novice and experienced drivers, were involved in simulated driving scenarios with varying TSIV levels. Eye movement data was collected using an eye tracker device. The study was conducted in China, and appropriate driving simulators and equipment were utilized. RESULTS: The findings revealed several valuable results. Experienced drivers exhibited a higher proportion of saccade behavior in the 30–90 ms time period and did not show rapid saccade behavior during the 0–30 ms period, indicating superior visual search strategies. Both novice and experienced drivers demonstrated improved visual cognitive abilities at the S3 level of TSIV, which corresponds to normal and safe driving conditions. Furthermore, a majority of both groups had saccade amplitudes in the range of 0°–4°, with experienced drivers showing a slightly higher proportion. About 82% of experienced drivers had saccade behavior within the range of 0°–2°, compared to 75% of novice drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that the S3 level of TSIV, corresponding to 30 bits/km, is optimal for both novice and experienced drivers. This level promotes better visual performance and reduces visual workload, indicating that drivers’ information acquisition capacity and visual search strategies are maximized while keeping the workload associated with driving at a minimum. These findings have significant implications for enhancing driving safety. Show more
Keywords: TSIV, novice drivers, experienced drivers, driving safety, visual characteristics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230349
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Entezarizarch, Elham | Zakerian, Seyed Abolfazl | Madreseh, Elham | Abbasinia, Marzieh | Abdi, Hanieh
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Driving represents a multifaceted cognitive endeavor, demanding heightened vigilance and swift responses. Considering the high statistics of driving accidents and heavy loads, as well as the effect of the driver’s age on the occurrence of accidents, it is important to investigate these factors to reduce accidents. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of mental workload on the performance of young and older drivers in a dynamic driving scenario to compare cognitive performance, workload perception, and driving outcomes between the two age groups. METHODS: Cognitive tests including the Stroop test, Continuous Performance test, and Focused Attention …test were conducted, alongside the use of the DALI questionnaire to measure workload levels. Participants encompassed twenty male drivers, divided into two age groups: 20 to 35 years and 55 to 70 years, with varying years of driving experience. The study entailed a dynamic driving scenario involving a designated route in Tehran, Iran. RESULTS: Results exhibited differences in workload scores between the age groups, particularly in dimensions such as visual demand, auditory demand, attention, and interference. Older drivers demonstrated heightened cognitive and physical demands during driving, implying a greater need for attention and cognitive effort. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that navigating through congested roads and dense urban traffic significantly elevates the mental workload for drivers, consequently impacting their cognitive functioning. Given the critical need for attention in driving, this heightened workload can manifest as increased fatigue, increasing stress levels, and diminished concentration, all of which substantially raise the risk of vehicular accidents. Furthermore, the study highlighted a particular concern for older drivers, whose diminished cognitive capacities further raise their vulnerability to accidents under such demanding driving conditions. Show more
Keywords: Workload, performance, stroop test, drivers, cognitive, safety, driving
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230473
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Raza, Mohammad | Bhushan, Rajesh Kumar | Khan, Abid Ali
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professional driving requires long hours of work, uncomfortable seats, negotiating rough terrain and highways, and possibly minor repairs and other auxiliary transportation duties. Heavy vehicle drivers driving vehicles such as trucks, bulldozers, etc. due to such working structures are more prone to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and pain, which is of great concern. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, it is planned to investigate possible ergonomic risk factors such as age, weight, driving exposure, seat suspension systems, lifting heavy weights causing MSDs in drivers of various heavy vehicles. The results of the study are expected to …help drivers reduce the risk of MSDs. METHODS: For the present study, the Nordic questionnaire on musculoskeletal disorders was modified and standardized and was administered to the 48 heavy vehicle drivers randomly selected to collect the data. RESULTS: The analysis divulged that over the past 12 months, lower back pain (LBP) emerged as the most dominant pain experienced by 56% of drivers, followed by knee pain (KP) (43%) and neck pain (NP) (39%) respectively. The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) was observed to be much lower than in previous literature. The logistic regression model further revealed that increasing age, poor suspension system and poor body posture were significantly associated with lower back pain. Additionally, a poor suspension system and lifting heavy weights had significant effect on the drivers’ knee pain. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the evident necessity for ergonomic consideration in vehicle designing and ergonomic training for heavy vehicle drivers. Show more
Keywords: Heavy vehicle drivers, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), lower back pain (LBP), whole body vibration, knee pain (KP), driver’s discomfort
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230655
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-09, 2024
Authors: McDonnall, Michele C. | Cmar, Jennifer L.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vision loss increases with age and is thus more likely to happen later in one’s career. With more individuals working beyond typical retirement age, the possibility of experiencing vision loss while working has increased. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how developing vision loss during midlife affects employment and retirement. METHOD: Using longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data, we identified a sample of 167 workers, 44 to 64 years old, who developed vision loss and a matched comparison sample of 800 workers who did not. We explored job retention …and retirement differences between the groups and differences between people with vision loss who retained jobs versus those who did not. RESULTS: Vision loss was associated with leaving the labor force, although there was a clear trend over time of increasing likelihood of job retention. Occupational category was associated with job retention and people who continued working had more favorable financial situations. Retirees with vision loss were more likely to report involuntary retirement and dissatisfaction with retirement. CONCLUSIONS: The decreasing likelihood of leaving the labor market after vision loss is an encouraging finding of this study. Workers who left the labor force after vision loss were more likely to be in precarious financial positions, and retirees did not have positive experiences with retirement. Assisting workers with vision loss to remain in the labor force is of vital importance, and increasing awareness and usage of free services for this population may reduce involuntary retirement and its negative consequences. Show more
Keywords: Low vision, reduced vision, visual impairment, employment, employment termination, retirement
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230669
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Depreli, Özde | Topçu, Zehra Güçhan | Tomaç, Hayriye
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate arrangement of classroom ergonomics is necessary for maintaining health and improving academic performance, learning, and motivation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the anthropometric measurements and ergonomic risk levels of students during a handwriting activity on a fixed desk and chair and to analyze the mismatch and relationships between these factors. METHODS: This study included 149 university students (female:73, male:76). Anthropometric measurements (lower and upper extremity length, shoulder height, elbow-rest height, hip-popliteal length, popliteal height, knee height, the distance between tragus and wall, and between acromion and wall) were done with a …tape measure. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) tool was conducted to determine the ergonomic risk level while students wrote a standard text on a fixed desk and chair as if they were taking notes in the classroom. The mismatch was evaluated between backrest height and sitting shoulder height, seat height, and popliteal height. The Pearson Chi-Square and the Spearman Correlation test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The median values of the participants’ age, height, weight, and BMI were 22 years, 1.70 m, 68 kg, and 23.18 kg/cm2 , respectively. Most students had inadequate ergonomic posture while writing on fixed furniture at the university (Median RULA grand score: 4). More mismatches for seat height (54.4%) were found in high ergonomic risk levels but mismatches for backrest height did not follow a similar result. CONCLUSIONS: More investigation should be conducted with prospective studies including interventions like adjustable furniture. Show more
Keywords: Ergonomics, university, students, anthropometry, furniture, handwriting
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230590
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Alam, Beenish Fatima | Abbasi, Nabeela | Han, Bing | Fahim, Faisal | Ali, Muhammad Iftikhar | Mehmood, Muhammad Awais
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted the teaching in most of the educational institutes worldwide. It has tested the readiness of educational institutes in their ability to deal with crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the perception of health sciences faculty toward online education during the period of pandemic in Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional research determined the perception using online survey which had been taken from the study conducted by Almahasees et al. Questions related to faculty’s perception regarding IT skills, online classes taking more effort than on-campus learning, online platforms having adequate …tools to facilitate teaching. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Statistical tests comprised of descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Walli’s test. RESULTS: From a total of 318 participants, there were 234 females and 84 males. A statistically significant association was identified between field of specialization and competency to teach online (p = 0.022). Faculty stated that more efforts were required to teach online (p < 0.001). Most of the tutors reported virtual sessions helped improved the interaction with their students (p < 0.001). Most of the time faculty had to prompt students to complete their assignments on time (p < 0.001). Many of the faculty members disagreed that delivering virtual sessions from home was quite ineffective (p = 0.221) and reported experiencing distractions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that online learning proved less effective than face-to-face learning. The main drawback of distance learning was the lack of teacher-student interaction. Online learning promotes student-centered learning and could be applied in situations of crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Healthcare faculty, online education, experience, pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230248
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Ruthuvalan, Varalakshmi | Raja, Sakthi | Jayaraj, Vanitha | Sridhar, Swathi | Kothandaraman, Muthulakshmi | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive fear, worry and behavioral disturbances define anxiety, with particular significance attributed to vagal nerve, a crucial transmitter of information to the brain regions governing anxiety. Highlighting the importance of vagal nerve, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) emerges as a tolerable and safe technique. The success of non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation in alleviating anxiety underscores the pivotal role of the vagal nerve. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in mitigating anxiety among retired teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the relevance of targeting the vagal nerve …for improved mental well-being. METHODS: 60 retired teachers diagnosed with anxiety were chosen through random allocation. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A (Experimental group) received transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS), and Group B (Control group) underwent the Jacobson relaxation technique. Intervention period spanned 4 weeks, with four sessions per week, lasting 30 minutes. The outcome measures included Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire and salivary cortisol levels. RESULTS: Following the 4-week intervention, both groups exhibited a significant reduction in Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores and salivary cortisol levels (P < 0.001). Notably, Group A demonstrated a significantly higher effectiveness rate compared to Group B. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) is effective in reducing anxiety among retired teachers. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (TaVNS) proves to be a powerful and effective intervention in alleviating anxiety among retired teachers, emphasizing its potential significance in enhancing mental well-being. Show more
Keywords: Anxiety, vagal nerve stimulation, COVID-19 Pandemic, transcutaneous, autonomic nervous system, salivary cortisol, Generalized AnxietyDisorder-7 (GAD-7)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230356
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Syed, Robayet Ferdous
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the pandemic is nearing its end, the question of whether COVID-19 infection will be considered a work-related or occupational disease remains a legal issue. Therefore, this study aims to provide clarification on this matter. OBJECTIVES: Since the International Labour Organization (ILO) serves as the primary authority on work-related matters, this study is focused on analyzing the ILO’s policies regarding the acknowledgment of COVID-19 infections as occupational diseases. It also investigates how States can recognize COVID-19 as such a disease while delving into the connection between the disease or injury and the occupation itself. METHODOLOGY: …This study utilizes a doctrinal methodology, focusing on legal research. This approach employs an applied (expository) research method and discusses the topic from a professional constituency perspective, as proposed by Arthurs in 1983. RESULT: The findings indicate that the ILO does not explicitly mention the pandemic or COVID-19 infection as an occupational disease in its list. However, it does include “infectious-related diseases” or “work that carries a particular risk of contamination” as occupational or work-related diseases, which can logically be interpreted as encompassing COVID-19 infection as an occupational or work-related disease. RECOMMENDATION: As the ILO sets guiding principles for its member States, this study recommends that the ILO should establish clear and comprehensive guidelines for member States to recognize COVID-19 infections or any future pandemics as occupational diseases. CONCLUSION: This study will serve as a valuable resource for policymakers who intend to enact or amend national legislation to align with the ILO. Furthermore, it will assist relevant stakeholders in taking necessary actions based on the study’s findings. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, infection, occupational disease, condition to consider occupational disease, course of employment, ILO
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230287
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Chin, Tay Lee | Chee, Tay Lee
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many organizations around the world have prudently adopted corporate environmental citizenship. However, the corporate environmental citizenship implementation may vary from reality. Thus, this study examines corporate environmental citizenship to identify ultimate practices to create a strong premise of CEC. OBJECTIVE: The study examines the influence of organizational learning capability, organization age on corporate environmental citizenship. METHODS: The data were collected from 50 Malaysian construction firms using the survey questionnaire and analyzed by using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). RESULTS: The finding revealed that organizational learning capability positively related to corporate environmental …citizenship. Organization age was not found to moderate such relationships. CONCLUSION: This study establishes that organizational learning capability encourages construction firms to take risks and explore new opportunities are essential for corporate environmental citizenship implementation. This study highlights the role of organizational learning capability to achieve corporate environmental citizenship irrespective of their organization age for construction firms. This study confirms the logic of Natural Resource Based View (NRBV) theory for predicting organizational learning capability as a critical foundation to build corporate environmental citizenship. Show more
Keywords: Organizational learning capability, corporate environmental citizenship, organization age, socioemotional selectivity theory, natural resource-based view theory, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230751
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Lindholm, Maria | Reiman, Arto | Tappura, Sari
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work itself and occupational health and safety (OHS) have evolved through industrial revolutions and will also continue to evolve in the future. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative literature review was to examine how the scientific discussion on new and emerging risks (NERs) related to OHS has evolved in recent decades in developed and newly industrialized countries. METHODS: A search of the Scopus database yielded 34 articles published before 2000 and from 2020 onwards. RESULTS: A review of the articles identified NERs themes related to changes in work patterns, changing workforce and growth …in some sectors, climate change, new materials or increased use of materials, new technology and technological development, and viruses. In both article collection periods, possible adverse OHS effects discussed included musculoskeletal disorders, exposure to toxic agents, chemical compounds and hazardous materials, increased stress, increased likelihood of errors and accidents, psychosocial problems, mental fatigue, and increases in work-related illnesses and accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The articles published during both periods discussed similar themes. The main differences were regarding specific time-related cases, such as climate change and COVID-19. Based on the findings of this review, points to consider in OHS management and future studies are discussed. Show more
Keywords: Change, climate change, human factors and ergonomics, materials, technology, viruses
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230005
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-19, 2024
Authors: Topçu, Sevcan | Emlek Sert, Zuhal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among nursing students is an important strategy for both preventing infection and building public confidence in the vaccine. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the views of intern nursing students on the COVID-19 vaccine and to evaluate their experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit. METHODS: This was a phenomenological qualitative study with a descriptive design. The 46 intern nursing students included in this study were all trained in the COVID-19 vaccination unit. The data was collected at focus group interviews conducted during June …2021 and October 2021. RESULTS: The mean age of intern nursing students was 22.78±0.91. From the focus group interviews, two themes were identified regarding the views of intern nursing students on the COVID-19 vaccine and their experiences in the COVID-19 vaccination unit: Theme 1. Positive views; Theme 2. Negative views. Intern nursing students described that they trust the COVID-19 vaccine and believe in its protection. Intern nursing students who performed their clinical practices in COVID-19 vaccination unit stated that they realized their responsibilities toward patients and the community. CONCLUSIONS: From the INSs’ point of view, confidence in the vaccine, responsibility towards patients, their families and the community, and VU practice experience, the health risk associated with COVID-19 positively affected their decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The participation of intern nursing students in clinical practice during the pandemic influenced both intern nursing students and population in terms of the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, clinical experiences, clinical training, nursing students, pandemic, qualitative study, vaccination
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220655
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Bianchi, Renzo | Swingler, Gail | Schonfeld, Irvin Sam
Article Type: Article Commentary
Abstract: For decades, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been regarded as the “gold standard” for the assessment of burnout. The present paper demonstrates that the MBI fails to measure the construct it is purported to measure. On a deeper level, the problems affecting the MBI question the very idea of burnout. These problems may be unsurprising in light of the genesis of the burnout construct. Burnout emerged in the mid-1970s as a largely predefined entity. Burnout’s definition was not predicated on robust empirical investigations or sound theorizing, nor was it anchored in a systematic review of the literature on stress …and health. Interestingly, other measures deemed to assess burnout, such as the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, similarly fail to measure what they are claimed to measure. Despite far-reaching implications for our ability to study and promote occupational health, the flaws that undermine the conceptualization and measurement of burnout remain widely underappreciated. We hope this paper will help raise awareness of these flaws and correct current practices in research on job-related distress. Alternatives to burnout do exist and may enable us to support our workforce more effectively. Show more
Keywords: Burnout, construct validity, diagnosis, job stress, measurement, occupational health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240095
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-3, 2024
Authors: Qi, Linyan | Fu, Qibo | Li, Wenchang | Wu, Jiheng | Li, Ji | Ni, Shaoqing
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: While CRCs play a crucial role in clinical trials, their job satisfaction has not received enough attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess the job satisfaction of CRCs and to explore the relevant factors. METHODS: The survey was programmed into an online questionnaire platform and distributed to CRCs in China for self-evaluation. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to assess job satisfaction, and data on demographic characteristics, working situations, burnout and social support also were collected to identify factors associated with job satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using the R software program. Factors associated with job satisfaction …were explored using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS: 2,840 participants were included in this survey, and the mean value of overall job satisfaction was characterized as “moderate to not fully satisfied”. Additionally, both burnout and overall social support were reported at moderate levels. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age, monthly income, sleep duration per day, weekly working time, a fixed workplace, subjective support, utilization of support, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were significantly associated with all types of job satisfaction (p < 0.05). Among all the factors, a fixed workplace was more strongly associated with job satisfaction than the other factors (OR = 0.596, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementing the fixed-point CRC mode to promote the provision of a fixed workplace, improving the CRC career development path, increasing income, subjective support and utilization of support, reducing weekly working time, job burnout will help to predict job satisfaction in CRCs. Show more
Keywords: Clinical trial, social support, burnout, research, working conditions, workplace.
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230732
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Salameh, Muna A. | Boyajian, Silvia D. | Amaireh, Enas A. | Jamal, Baraah | Alrfooh, Hala | AbuKhalaf, Khalid | Alzu’bi, Omar M. | Al-Tanbouz, Hadeel D. | Alzyoud, Koloud
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Students increasingly rely on digital devices, leading to text neck syndrome, a common overuse syndrome caused by repetitive forward neck flexion. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of text neck syndrome among medical students and the resulting neck dysfunction and to investigate the possible associated factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used an online self-developed questionnaire among medical students. Students’ characteristics and data about smartphone usage were evaluated for diagnosis. Individuals with at least 3 of the 6 text neck syndrome symptoms and a history of more than four hours a day spent on …a smartphone were diagnosed with text neck syndrome. Neck dysfunction was measured using the neck disability index. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study found that 31.7% of students with text neck syndrome have mild neck disabilities, with a higher proportion of females (40%). The characteristics that have a significant relation to text neck syndrome include being female (p < 0.0001), overweight (p = 0.025), being right-handed (p = 0.001), using four digital devices or more (p = 0.002), having low levels of physical activity (P = 0.018), and spending more than three hours a day sitting down (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: More than a quarter of medical students had text neck syndrome, and most of them had a mild neck disability. Text Neck Syndrome was linked to an increased number of gadgets used, low exercise, and more time spent in a sitting position. Show more
Keywords: Exercise, medical students, neck, overuse syndrome, sitting position, smartphone
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230678
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Yaqian, Zhang | Chonggao, Wang | Fan, Zhang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 poses great challenges for preschool teachers in China, which will increase the level of job stress and job burnout, and have an impact on the relationship between job stress, job burnout, and perceived organizational support (POS). However, few studies have examined trilateral relationships, especially the role of POS concerning job stress and job burnout of preschool teachers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the three variables of job burnout, job stress, and POS, as well as explore the moderating effects of POS between job stress and job burnout. METHODS: …A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool teachers in six provinces of China. A total of 408 preschool teachers completed a self-report questionnaire, including three scales that measured job burnout, job stress, and POS respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine the relationship among variables. RESULTS: The results showed that job burnout among Chinese preschool teachers was at a medium level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job stress was positively related to job burnout, and the POS was negatively related to job burnout. Additionally, POS moderated the relationship between job stress and job burnout and alleviated the adverse effects of job stress on the job burnout of preschool teachers. CONCLUSION: POS can play a moderating role between job stress and job burnout of Chinese preschool teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: Job burnout, perceived organizational support (POS), job stress, moderating effect, preschool teachers, the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230151
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Kusumoto, Yasuaki | Takahashi, Eri | Endo, Yasuhiro | Asao, Akihiko | Tanaka, Yoshinobu | Okazaki, Kanako | Yokozuka, Mieko | Omata, Junichi | Yabuki, Shoji | Kanzaki, Hideto
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Backpack syndrome (BS) is a term used to describe symptoms such as shoulder and back pain that are believed to be caused by carrying a backpack. Few studies have investigated the changes in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the differences in walking and running parameters with and without backpacks in primary school children with and without BS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 51 children (average age 9.3 years, 6– 12 years). Two questions were asked beforehand: whether the respondents had shoulder or back pain when …going to school and present; those who answered that they had pain in both cases were defined as the BS group, while the others were the control group. Walking and running at comfortable speeds and walking and running with a 6 kg backpack on their backs were measured. RESULTS: During walking, there were main effects for speed, cadence, and strike angle with and without the backpack, but no interactions were identified for any of the parameters. In running, however, there were main effects for speed, stride length, strike angle, and lift-off angle, and an interaction effect was observed for speed and stride length. CONCLUSIONS: During walking, carrying a 6 kg backpack increased cadence and walking speed. During running, carrying a backpack caused a decrease in stride length and running speed in the BS group, whereas there was no change in the control group, suggesting that the control and BS groups may respond differently. Show more
Keywords: Backpack, walking, running, elementary school students, shoulder pain, back pain, backpack syndrome
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240111
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Farnese, Maria Luisa | Scafuri Kovalchuk, Liliya | Cova, Eleonora
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature acknowledges that when there is a failure of expectations in the organization-employee relationship, namely the Psychological Contract Breach, it can potentially contribute to deviant behavior such as Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). A justice perspective helps to disentangle this link by suggesting that unethical behaviors may represent the revenge response to perceived organizational unfairness. OBJECTIVE: To gain a more granular understanding of the pathway from Psychological Contract Breach to CWB, this study explores the mediating role of negative emotions in eliciting CWB. It also proposes that the mechanism of moral disengagement helps to deactivate …self-sanctioning processes, allowing individuals to engage in deviant behaviors. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed, and conditional process analysis was conducted on a sample of 635 Italian police officer cadets, who were entering the prison system, a context highly susceptible to a failure of expectations and where, at the same time, counteracting unethical behaviors is a key issue. RESULTS: The results supported the tested model, highlighting the mediator role of Job-Related Negative Emotions in the Psychological Contract Breach–CWB relationship and their interaction with Moral Disengagement in shaping CWB. CONCLUSIONS: By examining the interplay between affective and cognitive components, the study provides valuable insights into the underlying processes involved in the relationship between failure in expectancies and deviant behavior. From a managerial perspective, the findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing fairness within organizations through balanced mutual obligations, and raising awareness of moral regulation mechanisms that may shape deviant behaviors. Show more
Keywords: Counterproductive workplace behaviors (CWB), psychological contract breach, job-related negative emotions, moral disengagement, correctional officers, unethical behavior
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230550
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Segal, Addie | Doyle, Nancy W.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the evolving digital revolution, technology and digital tools are becoming inseparable from work and daily occupations. Occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) focus on supporting individuals in their desired and needed activities. Many of these daily activities (i.e., online banking, shopping, social media, smartphone use) require digital skills at a growing rate, and insufficient technological skills may subject individuals to limited engagement and social isolation. OBJECTIVE: To understand OTPs attitudes regarding technology utilization. METHODS: We surveyed 109 OTPs about their attitudes, work practices, and barriers to addressing their clients’ digital technological functioning. …RESULTS: The findings of our study suggest that while OTPs acknowledge the importance and potential benefit of technology for their clients, there is a notable professional gap in the training and skills of OTPs to support their clients’ digital functioning effectively and to integrate technology into their practice. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve and expand OTP’s digital skills and knowledge regarding addressing clients’ digital functioning and technology implementation in occupational therapy practice. Show more
Keywords: Occupational therapy, work, technology, computer literacy, professional competence, competency-based education, professional practice
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230654
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Boets, Isabelle | Luyten, Steven | Vandenbroeck, Sofie | Godderis, Lode
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long term sick leave (SL) is increasing in Europe, several countries have legislative initiatives to reduce long-term absenteeism. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of a legally defined return-to-work (RTW) trajectory on the RTW of employees on sick leave in Belgium. METHODS: This was a retrospective register-based cohort study of employees (n = 1416) who followed an RTW trajectory in 2017. We linked workers’ data from a prevention service with social security data. By multinomial logistic regression, we analysed which characteristics predicted the RTW with the same or another employer. RESULTS: One year after their …RTW trajectory, 69.2% of the 1416 employees did not RTW; 10.7% returned to work with the same employer and 20.1% with a new employer. Duration of SL was an important predictor for the RTW with both the same employer and another employer. The odds of RTW were lower when the SL duration was > 6 months compared to < 6 months. Marital status, organization-size, and the occupational physician decision had a significant impact on the RTW with the same employer. Age and who initiated the RTW-trajectory were important predictors on the RTW with another employer. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 30.8% of employees returned to work after their RTW trajectory. A one-size-fits-all approach is not recommended. A stepped approach with an early, informal start of the RTW process is advised. When employees or employers fail to initiate the RTW on their own, a legally defined RTW trajectory could be useful. In particular, RTW with another employer seemed a positive effect of the RTW-trajectory. Show more
Keywords: Sick leave, return to work, retrospective study, occupational health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230412
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Yigit, Sedat | Ağar, Ali | Berşe, Soner
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of ergonomics in health services is attracting significant attention in the scientific community. There is a need for an integrated study presenting a summary of the published literature backed by detailed bibliometric characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the published literature supported by detailed bibliometric properties. METHODS: Within the scope of this study, a total of 3008 articles on ergonomics in the health field were reviewed and analyzed using a bibliometric method. RESULTS: It reveals the trends of the publications conducted between 1999–2023, and …defines the common citation structure between the articles, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrences. This study presents a knowledge map of ergonomics studies conducted in the health field using a bibliometric analysis method. CONCLUSION: The research results provide comprehensive information to the relevant literature, and define global research focuses and future scopes. This serves as a guide for academics to understand developments in the field of ergonomics and health more easily and quickly. Show more
Keywords: VOSviewer, content analysis, web of science, health sciences, publication analysis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230367
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Fan, Boya | Wang, Gang | Wu, Wei
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Varied noise environments, such as impulse noise and steady-state noise, may induce distinct patterns of hearing impairment among personnel exposed to prolonged noise. However, comparative studies on these effects remain limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to delineate the different characteristics of hearing loss in workers exposed to steady-state noise and impulse noise. METHODS: As of December 2020, 96 workers exposed to steady-state noise and 177 workers exposed to impulse noise were assessed. Hearing loss across various frequencies was measured using pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) audiometry. RESULTS: Both groups …of workers exposed to steady-state noise and impulse noise exhibited high frequencies hearing loss. The steady-state noise group displayed significantly greater hearing loss at lower frequencies in the early stages, spanning 1– 5 years of work (P < 0.05). Among individuals exposed to impulse noise for extended periods (over 10 years), the observed hearing loss surpassed that of the steady-state noise group, displaying a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hearing loss resulting from both steady-state noise and impulse noise predominantly occurs at high frequencies. Early exposure to steady-state noise induces more pronounced hearing loss at speech frequencies compared to impulse noise. Show more
Keywords: Steady-state noise, impulse noise, noise-induced hearing loss, pure tone audiometry, distorted product otoacoustic emissions
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230066
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Albakri, Uthman | Smeets, Nick | Drotos, Elizabeth | Kant, IJmert | Gabrio, Andrea | Meertens, Ree
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Shift work affects the mental and physical health of nurses, yet the effect of working irregular shifts on sleep and its association with the need for recovery is under-explored. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working irregular shifts, including night shifts, and to determine whether sleep quality is associated with the need for recovery. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 405 nurses working irregular shifts. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, the Sleep-Wake Experience List, sleep problems, sleep duration, and the Need for …Recovery scale. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t -tests, logistic and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: Nurses who worked irregular shifts had poor sleep quality. Those who also worked night shifts, had significantly poorer sleep quality and experienced more difficulties in daily functioning than those who did not work night shifts. Sleep quality was significantly associated with the need for recovery and this remained so after controlling for confounding variables (β = .554, p = .001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that in nurses who work irregular shifts, the sleep quality is low. In this group, the sleep quality in nurses who work night shifts is lower than in nurses who do not work night shifts. Furthermore, better sleep quality was associated with lower need for recovery. These findings suggest that improving sleep quality in nurses working irregular shifts may lower their need for recovery, which may improve health, and reduce burnout and sickness absence. Show more
Keywords: Nurses, hospitals, shift work schedule, circadian rhythm, sleep, fatigue, burnout, need for recovery.
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230500
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Hurenko, Olha | Suchikova, Yana | Kravchenko, Natalya | Nesterenko, Maryna | Petryk, Kristina
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the existing global experience of university and labor market partnerships concerning the employment of youth with disabilities. It was found that current cooperation models are implemented locally, in a fragmented manner, and are limited to interactions between universities and large enterprises. OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to explore the current state of meeting the needs of students with disabilities in terms of providing educational services and employment opportunities and to analyze the interaction between universities, municipalities, and the labor market to improve employment opportunities for young people with disabilities. METHODS: The study considered …a survey of three target groups from different regions of Ukraine (105 students with disabilities, 321 university faculty members, and 102 enterprise managers) conducted to study the current state of needs satisfaction in providing educational services and employing people with disabilities. RESULTS: The findings indicated a lack of coordination among stakeholders, an absence of systematization, and organization in addressing the issue of improving the employment of youth with disabilities. The research enabled the identification of existing and desired connections between the subjects of social partnership. A social partnership model between universities, municipalities, and the labor market was developed to improve the employment of youth with disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study results are promising, as implementing the social partnership model will broadly impact society. Show more
Keywords: People with disabilities, employment, social inclusion, social interaction, partnership practice, professional education, workplace environment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230351
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Lindberg, Monika | Larsson-Lund, Maria | Berg Jansson, Anna | Ranner, Maria
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Digital work poses cognitive demands on all employees, but the impact is greater for employees with cognitive impairments. Digitalization also has significant implications for employer representatives as they are responsible for the work environment. However, knowledge is scarce concerning employer representatives’ perspectives on identifying needs and support for employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital work environment. OBJECTIVE: To describe employer representatives’ experiences of work environment management with focus on employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital environment. METHODS: Focus group methodology was used. Six employer representatives with work environment responsibilities participated. …RESULTS: One overall theme “Mastering the interconnected processes in a transformative digital work environment ” as well as three themes “Facilitating good digital work conditions ”, “Identifying needs and difficulties in work tasks among employees ’ with cognitive impairments ” and “Pursuing knowledge and collaborations to support employees with cognitive impairments ” with subthemes were identified. The themes describe employer representatives’ challenges and efforts to identify fluctuating needs in employees with cognitive impairments and, also, to organize and reduce cognitive demands in the work environment to support them. CONCLUSIONS: Managing the challenges of an evolving digital work environment and matching individual work ability of employees with cognitive impairments in relation to cognitive demands is an ongoing process. The participants valued cooperation with employees with cognitive impairments but lacked support from expertise. The need to develop and implement a functioning support system for vocational rehabilitation to ensure a sustainable work in digital work environments is indicated. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, human resources, managers, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, stroke, sustainable work, vocational rehabilitation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230690
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Carlstedt, Anita Björklund | Bjursell, Cecilia | Nyman, Rosita | Dahl Aslan, Anna
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2020 the Swedish Government started a gradual raising of the retirement age, but employers have been silent on the issue. Little is known about whether and how they reflect on what it will mean for their organization, or whether they already have, or are going to, make arrangements in order to facilitate and motivate older workers to stay longer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe managers’ experiences of older workers and age management in connection with the increase of the retirement age in Sweden. METHODS: Data was collected through …semi-structured interviews with fourteen managers from a broad set of organizations in the public and private sectors, and from the Middle and East of Sweden. The transcribed material was analysed in line with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The analysis ended up in seven main categories with associated sub-categories: Older Workers, Retirement Ages, Transition Initiatives, Competence Transfer, Competence Development, Increased Retirement Ages, Knowledge Gaps. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that there is an ambivalence in addressing the issue of age among the interviewed managers, what we have interpreted and labelled as “silent age discrimination”, and it was shown that they do not have elaborated strategies for age management. Show more
Keywords: Competence transfer, competence development, knowledge gaps, prolonged working life, transition
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230468
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Hittle, Beverly M. | Keller, Elizabeth G. | Lee, Rebecca C. | Daraiseh, Nancy M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Background: Despite the high risks associated with occupational fatigue in healthcare, few organizations require nurses to screen and report fatigue symptoms. As a result, little is known about if and how nurses would report fatigue while on the job. Objective: To determine if hospital-based pediatric nurses reported fatigue as part of an active injury reporting method. Methods: This secondary analysis of qualitative data used a descriptive design with content analysis. Data from the parent study were collected at a U.S. pediatric hospital where nurses verbally reported on-shift injuries or near misses and pre- and post-shift health …status via a digital voice recorder. Researchers used content analysis to independently code data for nurses’ references to fatigue. Codes were then analyzed for patterns and themes. Results: Approximately 30% (n = 104) of participants reported fatigue-related content. Emergent themes were Work Stressors, Individual Risk Factors, Fatigue Descriptors, Adverse Outcomes from Fatigue, Fatigue Buffers, Descriptors for Buffered Fatigue, and Favorable Outcomes from Buffered Fatigue. Fatigue descriptions align with prior literature, demonstrating the accuracy of the voice recorder data collection method. In addition, nurses expressed uncertainty about the appropriateness of reporting fatigue symptoms. Conclusion: Findings from this study support pediatric nurses will report fatigue, when provided an opportunity. Additional efforts are needed to better understand effective ways to improve fatigue reporting among nurses, including harnessing current technology for real-time reporting and how to change the culture around fatigue reporting. Show more
Keywords: Fatigue, occupational health, occupational injuries, organizational culture, safety management, risk assessment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230273
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Maupin, Danny | Canetti, Elisa F.D. | Schram, Ben | Dulla, Joseph M. | Lockie, Robert G. | Dawes, J. Jay | Orr, Robin M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Law enforcement is a profession of sedentary physical activity interspersed with physically demanding activity that requires high levels of fitness. It is imperative that agencies training law enforcement recruits maximise their fitness during their time at the academy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in physical fitness during academy training. METHODS: Retrospective data for 10 academy recruit classes, totalling 715 participants, were collected from a US law enforcement agency. The change in performance on two standardised tests were used as outcome measures. Comparisons were made between percentiles utilising one-way ANOVA and …a linear mixed model (LMM). RESULTS: Overall, higher percentiles were found to have smaller improvements in physical fitness than lower percentiles. The results of the LMM support this supposition, showing that lower physical fitness scores resulted in greater improvements in a generalised fitness assessment (value = –0.45, standard error 0.02, p < 0.001) and an occupational assessment (value = –0.49, standard error = 0.02, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that recruits with lower physical fitness will see greater improvements during academy training. This could be due to a ceiling effect for the more fit but may also be due to recruits of higher physical fitness being under trained during academy. Utilising ability-based training and prescribing an appropriate workload to recruits of higher fitness may improve overall recruit fitness upon graduation. Show more
Keywords: Police, cadet, academy, physical training, tactical
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230686
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Meadley, Benjamin N. | Caldwell-Odgers, Joanne
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Paramedics working in helicopter teams undertake water and land rescues. Historical assessments of role-related fitness were not developed using physical employment standards methodology. OBJECTIVE: To compare the historical selection tests with new tests developed via contemporary scientific methodology. METHODS: Candidates undergoing selection to the role of flight paramedic (n = 14; age 37±5 yrs, body mass index [BMI] 26±4 kg.m2 ) undertook existing paramedic selection tests on land and in water, measurements of task duration, maximum heart rate (HRmax ), rate of perceived exertion (RPE6 - 20 ) and capillary blood lactate (Lacmax ) were recorded. These results were …compared to the same variables in experienced paramedics (n = 14; age 44±5 yrs, BMI 25±3 kg.m2 ) who undertook the new tests. RESULTS: Land task duration (existing 17±2 min vs. proposed 7±2 min, p < 0.05) HRmax (existing 186±13 b.min–1 vs. proposed 173±11 b.min–1 , p < 0.05), and Lacmax (existing 23±3 mmol.L–1 vs. proposed 8±2 mmol.L–1 , p < 0.05) were higher in the existing test compared to the proposed tests. Water task duration (existing 12±2 min vs. proposed 10±1 min, p < 0.05) was longer in the existing test, but HRmax (existing 166±18 b.min–1 vs. proposed 167±15 b.min–1 , p = 0.90), Lacmax (existing 11±4 mmol.L–1 vs. proposed 11±4 mmol.L–1 , p = 0.90) did not differ. RPE6 - 20 did not differ between groups for water or land. CONCLUSIONS: The historical land-based physical tests for paramedics differed from the proposed tests, however the water-based tests had similar duration and physiological demands. Use of tests not developed via established scientific methodologies risks eliminating candidates suitable to work in the role, or including candidates that are not. Show more
Keywords: Fitness, ergonomics, work, specialist, strenuous, task
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230582
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Garcês, Caroline Pereira | Soares, Camila Faleiros Veloso | Sisconeto, Tássia Magnabosco | Martins, Guilherme Cabral Borges | Dias, Marina Abreu | Vivenzio, Rafaella Andrade | Moreira, Thiago Ferreira | Camargo, Yanne da Silva | Crispim, Cibele Aparecida | Balieiro, Laura Cristina Tibiletti | Cheik, Nadia Carla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions had to swiftly adapt and transition to remote teaching in order to maintain academic activities. However, these changes presented a number of challenges for professors, which could have negative effects on their health. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between changes in dietary and sleep habits, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior with the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Brazilian higher education professors during the pandemic period. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted using an online form. Generalized linear models, adjusted for age, sex, …and body mass index, were used to verify the difference between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Logistic regression models were used to predict the odds ratio (OR) for the development of NCDs according to physical activity time, sedentary behavior time, dietary and sleep patterns. RESULTS A total of 936 professors residing across Brazil participated in the survey. The duration of sedentary behavior increased, sleep duration slightly decreased, and meal times shifted to earlier during the pandemic. A total of 22.9%of the participants reported the diagnosis of some NCDs during this period. Physical activity practice was associated with a lower risk of diseases during the pandemic, regardless of the intensity performed. On the other hand, late eating habits and excessive food consumption during the pandemic were associated with a higher risk. CONCLUSION The results provide data that can help in the development of public policies that promote health actions to minimize the consequences associated with the pandemic period. Show more
Keywords: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, feeding behavior, chrononutrition, university professor, coronavirus
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230518
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: dos Santos, Raquel Marreiro | Minghelli, Beatriz
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Playing guitar involves several physical demands, most inclusive of which are long hours of practice, which can make musculoskeletal symptoms common. OBJETIVE: To determine the epidemiology of neuromuscular injuries in guitar players residing in Portugal and risk factors. METHODS: The sample consisted of 105 guitar players, being 103 (98.10%) men, aged between 30–75 years (29,83±10,23). The measurement instrument used was a digital survey, shared by email, on social networks and in person. RESULTS: Fifty-six (53.30%) guitar players had injuries throughout their musical practice, totaling 132 injuries, 13 (12.40%) guitar players were injured at …the time of assessment and 31 (29.5%) guitar players had injuries in the last 12 months, totaling 63 injuries. The value of injury proportion was 0.29 (CI 95% : 0.14–0.44) and the injury rate was 0.42 injuries per 1,000 hours of music practice. The most common types of injury were: tendinopathy (22; 34.92%) and low back pain (9; 14.29%). The most affected anatomical sites were: wrist (18; 28.57%) and lumbar spine (10; 15.87%). Repetitive movement was the injury mechanism most mentioned by guitar players (24; 35.29%) followed by maintaining postures for a prolonged period of time (15; 22.06%). Guitar players who did not warm up before practicing were 0.33 (CI: 0.13–0.79; p = 0.013) more likely to have an injury. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high percentage of injuries in guitar players and failure to warm up was a risk factor for the development of injuries. This type of study can help in creating injury prevention strategies in this type of population. Show more
Keywords: Injuries, guitar players, musicians, epidemiology, cross-section study, prevalence, neuromuscular
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230701
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Liu, Yao-zhong | Li, Chao-fu | Feng, Xiao-lu
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Employees’ perception of being overqualified is a critical factor in influencing their knowledge sharing behavior. However previous studies have not examined the internal mechanism by which perceived overqualification affects knowledge sharing. OBJECTIVE: Drawing on social exchange theory, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived overqualification and knowledge sharing and to examine the mediating effect of organizational identity and the moderating role of psychological entitlement. METHODS: Participants were 284 full-time employees from different companies in China. They answered self-report questionnaires that assessed perceived overqualification, knowledge sharing, organizational identity, and psychological …entitlement. Path analyses were conducted, and the latent moderated structural equations were used to judge the significance of the mediation and moderation. RESULTS: The results revealed that overqualified employees were less willing to share knowledge, and the mediating role of organizational identity was significant. Further, the presence of high psychological entitlement would diminish the beneficial effect of organizational identity on employee knowledge sharing. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study enrich and expand our knowledge on the relationship between overqualification and knowledge sharing and have theoretical and practical implications for promoting constructive behavior among overqualified employees. Show more
Keywords: Perceived overqualification, knowledge sharing, organizational identity, psychological entitlement, moderated mediation effects
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230722
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Singh, Gurdeep | Karmakar, Sougata
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The FMCG manufacturing industry in industrially developing countries operates in a manual or semi-automatic setup, employing a vast labor force. Several non-standardized work activities prevail on the FMCG shop floor and remain prone to safety-related risks involving repetitive motions, forceful exertions, and awkward postures. Among those, the rework of defective pouches/sachets is an unsafe activity of prime concern. It is prone to minor nicks, cuts, and injuries due to inadequate tools being used. It involves sharp cutters/blades and extensive forceful manual hand squeezing, which leads to drudgery and safety concerns. There lies the lack of standardized tools/apparatus for …rework activity, and efforts towards its mitigation are required. OBJECTIVE: Current research aims to address occupational safety-related issues in non-standardized rework activity in small-scale FMCG units through an innovative product design approach. METHODS: An ergo-audit was conducted in eight small-scale FMCG units to identify the prevailing ergonomic stressors and safety concerns. The most critical area of concern, i.e., rework activity, was chosen through card-sorting sessions and discussions held with the stakeholders. An appropriate context-specific apparatus was designed/developed to ensure better safety and occupational health utilizing a systematic product design method involving three phases: initial field survey, design and development, and field trials. RESULTS: The apparatus, which was developed and factory-trialed, was evaluated for productivity improvement and ensuring user compatibility from various human factors’ perspectives. CONCLUSION: In field trials, the developed apparatus was found effective in mitigating safety concerns and various ergonomic stressors associated with FMCG rework. Show more
Keywords: Safety, hazard control, OSH in FMCG, human factors, ergonomic stressors, product design, innovation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240096
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-22, 2024
Authors: Kernkraut, Ana Merzel | Diniz Nagem Janot de Matos, Luciana
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are the conditions that most contribute to incapacity worldwide. While many healthcare professionals adapt in dealing with various demands, others do not. How much of these conditions is associated with affective experience needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE: Assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress while investigating the relationship between the presence of positive and negative affect in healthcare professionals. METHODS: This study’s convenience sample consisted of 975 providers (including nursing, physicians, and multidisciplinary team) and administrative professionals (service and supervision teams) working at a general private hospital in Brazil. Data were collected …in 2019 through a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X). The results are shown through multinomial regression with odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and P -value. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 49.4%, 46.1%, and 49.8%, respectively, showing high prevalence. It was observed that a high presence of negative affect is associated with a greater likelihood of developing anxiety, depression, and stress, while a high presence of positive affect is associated with a lower likelihood of depression and stress prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress in healthcare professionals is associated with the presence of negative affects. Mental disorders should be measured, and practices adopted to ensure well-being and job performance. Show more
Keywords: Anxiety, depression, stress, psychological, affect, health personnel, dyssomnia, musculoskeletal pain, headache
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230257
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Qiao, Shuqian | Chen, Xinyi | Cao, Xi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of young acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing. Return-to-work is an important indicator for patients’ psycho-social recovery. However, factors influencing return-to-work after AMI are yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To summary available evidence on rate and factors associated with return-to-work among AMI patients. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopes and two Chinese databases (CNKI and VIP) were searched from inception to October 3, 2023. Pooled rate of return-to-work (%) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated with Stata 17 software. RESULTS: Of 2403 records screened, …19 studies were included. Pooled rate of return-to-work at 3, 6, 12, and 24 and above months after AMI was 74%, 87%, 87%, 80% respectively. Factors associated with lower rate of return-to-work were comorbidity of diabetes (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93), history of heart failure (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23–0.80), manual labor (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35–0.76) and depression (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–0.93). Male (OR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09–1.85) and higher education level (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.25-1.69) were protective factors. Age, marital status and smoking were not significantly associated with return-to-work. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients could return to work at 3-month post-AMI, return-to-work rate was increased during one-year post-AMI followed by a decrease. Comorbidity of diabetes, history of heart failure, manual labor and depression were negative predictors of return-to-work, while male and higher education level were protective factors. This would assist the professionals to identify the patient who was risk for unable to return-to-work and provide support for AMI patents. Show more
Keywords: Myocardial infarction, return to work, prognosis, rehabilitation, social participation, employment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230301
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Abella, Arving A. | Prasetyo, Yogi Tri | Cahigas, Maela Madel L. | Dela Cruz, Ronnie B. | Nadlifatin, Reny
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: Background: Aircraft software loading tools evolved as enhanced floppy disks and different types of portable data loaders emerged into the modern world. However, there was a lack of academic research centered on the usability of those tools. Objective: This study analyzed the usability of three aircraft software loading tools: floppy disks, Teledyne PMAT, and MBS mini PDL. Methods: A total of 20 avionics technicians answered 10 System Usability Scale (SUS) indicators and performed the software loading task. These professionals completed three sets of SUS questionnaires, one set for each software tool. Results: Analysis of …Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were statistical differences in SUS score and completion time. The comparable SUS score and completion time pertained to the following tools: floppy disks & MBS mini PDL and Teledyne PMAT & MBS mini PDL. Pearson correlation analysis noted a significant positive relationship between SUS score & software tool. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between SUS score & completion time and software tool & completion time. However, avionics technicians’ years of experience lacked a significant impact on SUS score and completion time. Ultimately, it was recommended to utilize MBS mini PDL. This aircraft loading tool had the most significant impact, highest SUS score, and fastest completion time. Conclusions: The researchers presented managerial implications if MBS mini PDL was utilized, including sales increase and overhead cost savings. Finally, this research was the first study that analyzed the usability of the commonly used aircraft software loading tools. Show more
Keywords: System Usability Scale (SUS), aircraft software, floppy disk, teledyne portable maintenance access terminal (PMAT), MBS mini Portable Data Loader (PDL)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230653
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Artar, Melike | Erdil, Oya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the Covid-19 period, academics have given great importance to the concept of teleworking. However, despite this interest, empirical studies investigating the effect of workplace isolation on employees’ behavior during Covid-19 are limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being in light of the mediating role of perceived organizational support and the moderating role of job insecurity. METHODS: Within the scope of the research, teleworkers in accordance with the isolation rules was used as a criterion for the selection of the participants. In this vein, data collected from …382 respondents were investigated using structural equation modelling analysis. RESULTS: The results indicate that (1) workplace isolation positively relate to perceived organizational support and negatively related to psychological well-being, (2) perceived organizational support positively relate to psychological wellbeing, (3) perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between workplace isolation and psychological well-being, and (4) job insecurity moderates the relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: It is imperative to understand telework employees’ psychological and emotional processes, which have gained speed in the last year, in adapting to the new order. This study is critical in understanding the psychological processes of teleworkers. Show more
Keywords: Teleworking, workplace, social isolation, job security, Covid-19, psychological well-being, employment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230580
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Le, Aurora B. | Yuan, Shuhan | Chow, Angela | Mullins-Jaime, Charmaine | Smith, Todd D.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) personnel are first responders located at airports in the United States who provide emergency response, mitigation, evacuation, and rescue of passengers and crew of aircraft at airports. The nature of their work puts ARFF personnel in close contact with travelers on a regular basis and at elevated risk for COVID-19 exposure. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we focused on safety behavior, perceived risk, and workplace resources to understand COVID-19 outcomes in the early pandemic among the overlooked worker population of ARFF personnel. The goal of this study was to examine how …a self-reported positive COVID test were associated with safety behavior, perceived risk, and workplace resources. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected among ARFF personnel a year into the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Regression results showed that each additional unit increase in perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 was associated with a 133% increase in the odds of testing positive for COVID-19 (OR = 2.33, p < 0.05), and with each additional unit increase in perceived severity level, the odds of getting COVID-19 decreased by 47% (OR = 0.53, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Infection control among first responders may be improved by providing relevant information physical and emotional resources, and support that help shape perceptions of risk and adoption of prevention behaviors. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, emergency responders, firefighters, occupational exposure, occupational health, safety, workplace
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230316
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Shokrolahi, Ismail | Mououdi, Mohammad Amin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Using a computer may lead to pain in wrists, neck, and back. In addition, adopting various body postures like sitting cross-legged, semi-fowler’s position, and putting the laptop on the leg may lead to the development of persistent and irreversible discomfort. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to design and build an adjustable ergonomic laptop desk based on the anthropometric characteristics of students in the age range of 20 to 30 years and to evaluate its efficiency using RULA and NERPA methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted on 108 students, in which …an adjustable and portable ergonomic desk designed and built based on 10 anthropometric dimensions of students and the length and width of 10 different laptop models. Two assessment methods, RULA and NERPA, were used. Wilcoxon statistic test and SPSS version 26 software used for data analysis. RESULTS: The dimensions of the desk were calculated in three positions, and the desk was made with the ability to adjust height, width and tilt, each with two degrees of freedom. The statistical analysis comparing score of RULA and NERPA in two situations without using a desk and using an ergonomic laptop desk had a significant difference (P -value < 0.001). Comparison of RULA and NERPA scores showed that NERPA evaluated the low ergonomic risk level better than RULA method. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the ability to adjust the designed desk, the changes in RULA and NERPA score in all three modes, it indicates the effectiveness of the table in improving the body posture of users when using a laptop. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, laptop desk, ergonomic design, anthropometry, posture assessment method
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230528
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Bostanpara, Alireza | Hemmati, Zahra | Varmazyar, Sakineh
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The physical condition of workers’ body structure and assigned duties, can contribute to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body structure status, type of work activity, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the detergent industry. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 148 industrial workers selected based on inclusion criteria and their medical checkup records. Data collection for the study included a demographic information questionnaire, a body map questionnaire, and an assessment of the workers’ musculoskeletal system conducted by three physiotherapists simultaneously. …RESULTS: 54.1% of the participants had a total body structure score classified as poor or fair. The neck region showed the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (51.4%), followed by the lower back region (35.1%). Significant associations were found between abnormalities in the upper and middle limbs of the body and the prevalence of pain in the right shoulder region (Fisher/F = 9.29, P ≤0.05) as well as the intermediate back region (F = 10.28, P ≤0.01). Office workers experienced a higher prevalence of neck pain than workers in the product line and technical roles, with a statistically significant Odds Ratio (OR) ranging between 2.7 and 6.6 times. Conversely, industrial workers who operate powered machinery showed a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder (OR = 3.93) and left foot (OR = 4.07). Meanwhile, workers involved in loading and unloading tasks had a higher prevalence of pain in the middle back (OR = 3.61) and right foot (OR = 4.5) compared to office workers. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pain in the right shoulder and middle back may be due to abnormalities in the upper and intermediate body structure. Production line workers reported a higher prevalence of pain in the left shoulder, middle back, and foot compared to office workers. Show more
Keywords: Body, detergent, disorder, industry, musculoskeletal, prevalence, worker
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240118
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Bhupal, Nake | Bures, Laura | Peterson, Emika | Nicol, Spencer | Figeys, Mathieu | Cruz, Antonio Miguel
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) is a crucial component within return-to-work decision making. However, clinician-based physical FCE interpretation may introduce variability and biases. The rise of technological applications such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, could ensure consistent and precise results. OBJECTIVE: This review investigates the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in physical FCEs specific for return-to-work assessments. METHODS: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across five databases, extracting study specifics, populations, and technological tools employed, through dual independent reviews. RESULTS: Nine studies were identified that used ICT in …FCEs. These technologies included electromyography, heart rate monitors, cameras, motion detectors, and specific software. Notably, although some devices are commercially available, these technologies were at a technology readiness level of 5–6 within the field of FCE. A prevailing trend was the combined use of diverse technologies rather than a single, unified solution. Moreover, the primary emphasis was on the application of technology within study protocols, rather than a direct evaluation of the technology usability and feasibility. CONCLUSION: The literature underscores limited ICT integration in FCEs. The current landscape of FCEs, marked by a high dependence on clinician observations, presents challenges regarding consistency and cost-effectiveness. There is an evident need for a standardized technological approach that introduces objective metrics to streamline the FCE process and potentially enhance its outcomes. Show more
Keywords: Information technology, return to work, machine learning, rehabilitation, artificial intelligence, work, bio-mechanics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230560
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Eusufzai, Sumaiya Zabin | Then, Bernard Ying Kang | Jamayet, Nafij Bin | Maqbool, Manahil | Noorani, Tahir Yusuf | Ahmad, Wan Muhamad Amir W | Alam, Mohammad Khursheed
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a temporary airflow obstruction during periods of sleep. Patients with OSA often suffer from poor work performance, compromised sleep quality, and low quality of life which may lead to a life-threatening event. Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward OSA among medical and dental practitioners are crucial to the initial diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the differences in knowledge and attitude toward OSA between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was performed from February 2020 to February 2021. …A total of fifty-two medical practitioners and fifty-two dental practitioners working at university-based outpatient clinics, government health clinics, and oral health clinics located in Kelantan State of Malaysia participated in the study, and data were collected by the structured questionnaire including sociodemographic inquiry and OSAKA questionnaire by non-probability stratified random sampling. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare knowledge and attitude scores between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 34.6 years. The current study shows that 92.3% of medical doctors and 96.1% of dental doctors were able to correctly answer the question “Most of the patients with OSA snore” a significant finding in our study. Only 1% of medical professionals could answer seventeen questions correctly with a median score of 11, and only 1% of dental professionals could answer sixteen questions correctly with a median score of 9. None of them could provide an accurate answer to all the knowledge questions. Medical and dental practitioners exhibited different knowledge levels on OSA (z- statistics=–4.39, U = 827.00 with p < 0.05, and effect size, r = 0.61). However, no significant differences were found in total knowledge score by gender (p -value>0.05), ethnicity (p -value>0.05), total service years (p -value>0.05), and training attended. In addition, significant differences in attitude levels between medical and dental practitioners have been observed (z-statistics=–3.42, U = 725.00 with p < 0.05, and effect size, r = 0.47). Nevertheless, no significant differences have been seen in total attitude score by ethnicity (p -value > 0.05), total service years (p -value > 0.05), attending training on OSA (p -value > 0.05), and professional status (p -value > 0.05) except gender (p -value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A Significant difference is evident concerning knowledge and attitude toward OSA diagnosis and management between medical and dental practitioners working in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Medical practitioners in this study recorded a higher knowledge and attitude score compared to dental practitioners. Show more
Keywords: Sleep apnea, sleep-disordered breathing, continuous positive airway pressure, temporomandibular disorders
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220174
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Tunç, Ahmet | Yağar, Sema Dökme | Gerçek, Emine | Yağar, Fedayi
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Adopting an effective leadership style is of critical importance in increasing healthcare efficiency and therefore determining patient satisfaction. For example, although there are many new and effective leadership types today, the paternalistic leadership approach can still play an effective role in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of paternalistic leadership in the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress. METHODS: A total of 466 healthcare workers completed measures of perceived paternalistic leadership, job stress, and job satisfaction. The research was conducted in the center of Gaziantep, one …of the largest cities in Turkey. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the moderate variable. Dawson slope were used to visualize the results. RESULTS: A negative relationship was found between job satisfaction and job stress. Additionally, it has been determined that the perception of paternalistic leadership has a moderating role. It has been observed that as the perception of paternalistic leadership increases, the negative relationship between job satisfaction and job stress decreases. CONCLUSION: It has been concluded that the paternalistic leadership approach can play a critical role in increasing the productivity of healthcare workers and reducing the negative effect of stress on satisfaction. It has been suggested that policies be developed to develop appropriate strategies for creating work environments that will increase employees’ perceptions of paternalistic leadership. Show more
Keywords: Effective leadership, mental health, work environment, health workers, hospitals, Turkey
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240026
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Matsuda, Yuko | Hamada, Shoko
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Japan has a shortage of childcare personnel, and the high levels of stress causing turnover in childcare workers must be urgently resolved. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics and influencing factors of job stress in Japanese childcare workers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the job stress of childcare workers and explore the influence of demographic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on such stress. METHODS: The data were collected through an Internet survey from 2,472 respondents. A 23-item version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to measure occupational stress …in childcare workers. The instrument is recommended in the stress-check program implemented as a mental health measure in workplaces in Japan. RESULTS: The percentage of childcare workers with high stress exceeded that of general workers. Multiple regression analyses showed that the only factor affecting all job stressors and social support was the fear of contracting COVID-19. Job stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant large effect on stress responses. Additionally, being married and having children moderated childcare workers’ stress. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided basic data regarding job stress in Japanese childcare workers and compared them with those of other professionals. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify how stress is related to turnover intention and turnover in Japanese childcare workers to promote their career continuity. Show more
Keywords: Childcare, occupational groups, East Asian people, working conditions, occupational stress, demography, COVID-19
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230658
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Granberg, Sarah | Widén, Stephen | Gustafsson, Johanna
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Persons with hearing loss (HL) are a vulnerable group in working life. Studies have shown that they are more likely than the general population to be in part-time work, to be unemployed, receive disability pension, and to be on sick leave. Many workers with HL also experience unhealthy work conditions, such as jobs where they experience high demands combined with low control as well as safety concerns and social isolation. There is a lack of studies that focus on factors that promote a healthy, sustainable work situation for the target group. OBJECTIVE: To investigate health factors that …contribute to a sustainable work situation for employees with HL. METHODS: The current study was a comparative, observational study with a cross-sectional design including a clinical population of adults with HL. Comparisons were made between workers with HL “in work” and workers with HL on “HL-related sick leave”. RESULTS: Seven health factors were identified. Those “in work” experienced a healthier work environment as well as lower levels of mental strain, hearing-related work characteristics and content, cognitively demanding work content, hearing-related symptoms, energy-demanding activities, and bodily aches and pain than those on “HL-related sick leave”. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a clear pattern regarding health factors for a sustainable working life. The type of job was not related to whether an individual was on sick leave or working. Rather, the work climate and the content of the work mattered. Show more
Keywords: Hearing loss, working conditions, workplace, health, occupational health, salutogenesis
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230377
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: de Mattos, Letícia Anselmo | Rocha, Raoni | de Castro Moura Duarte, F.J.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human error and violation of rules are perceived as deviations from some desired behavior, appearing variably in literature as either similar or opposing concepts. Behavioral deviations may be linked to accidents or considered a protective factor against them. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore definitions, characteristics, classifications, and management approaches for behavioral deviations, specifically human error and violation of rules. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. RESULTS: The authors differ in defining and classifying error and violation, associating them with generation of accidents or their prevention. The management proposals for deviations highlighted …by the authors were emphasized. CONCLUSION: The findings of this article reinforce the prominence of authors Jens Rasmussen and James Reason in the field. They assert that deviations are a natural aspect of the work process and even serve as a preventive factor against accidents, although their frequent association with accidents remains common in organizations. This study contributes to theoretical understanding by systematizing prevalent perspectives on deviation, human error, and violation of rules. It proposes a taxonomy and emphasizing the need for managing deviations, rather than combating them, especially in an organizational context. Show more
Keywords: Accidents, behavioral, deviation, procedure, rules, management
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230186
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
Authors: Lauridsen, Jane | Hansen, Mette Lausten | Begtrup, Luise Mølenberg | Momsen, Anne-Mette Hedeager | Pedersen, Pernille | Thulstrup, Ane Marie | Maimburg, Rikke Damkjær
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk assessment and work adjustment according to EU legislation may safeguard pregnant employees and their offspring. Knowledge on management perspectives in relation to implementation of protective measures is limited. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to describe Danish hospital managers’ engagement in pregnancy policy and work adjustment for pregnant employees. The secondary aim was to investigate how managers’ characteristics and the setting affect engagement and behaviour. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of survey data from 212 managers. Outcomes were within dimensions of health promotion, pregnancy policy, work adjustment, collaboration, manager support, and …sick leave. Logistic and ordinal logistic regression models were applied to identify associations between background information and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the managers included, 84% arranged meetings and 76% conducted occupational risk assessment. Most managers (96%) engaged in dialogue with the employees before sick leave. Most managers felt competent in providing guidance for pregnant employees and 99% considered work adjustment important, mainly to safeguard mothers and children. The self-reported data showed positive associations between female managers and feeling competent to guide the employee. Further, management training was associated with meetings with pregnant employees. Seniority was associated with feeling competent to guide and dialogue. Midwifery support was associated with competence in guiding employees about risk factors. CONCLUSION: Work adjustment and risk assessment for pregnant employees are considered a priority by Danish hospital managers. Overall, managers feel competent guiding pregnant employees. However, managers experience midwifery support beneficial for the guidance of pregnant employees. Show more
Keywords: Financial management, hospital, occupational exposures, health-care personnel, maternal health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230458
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Yigitbas, Cagla | Ozcan, Handan | Elkoca, Ayse
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: When faced with a health crisis, most people tend to seek solutions through modern or traditional medicine. However, there is a group of people who tend to take a fatalistic approach to health crises and tend not to do what is necessary. When such approaches are exhibited in disadvantaged groups, there may be a chain reaction resulting in much more important problems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether the fatalistic approach is realized during a health crisis period in people 65 years and older, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases, and healthcare workers …who are considered disadvantaged. Researchers also examined whether there were sociodemographic characteristics that made a difference in these attitudes among those who were determined to have a fatalistic approach. METHODS: The research was conducted with a quantitative method. The sample calculation was performed and it was decided to reach 196 people. A self-report scale was used for fatalism. RESULTS: It was determined that the participants had a moderate level of fatalism. It was seen that there was a difference between the groups in terms of fatalistic behavior. It was observed that women, divorced people, people without alcohol and smoking habits, people who live alone, and people who think their health is poor tend to behave more fatalistic. CONCLUSION: The tendency to show fatalistic behavior was found to be higher in the group of 65 years and older. Sociodemographic characteristics are associated with fatalistic behavior. Show more
Keywords: Fatalistic tendency, health crisis, health protection, risk groups
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230259
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Jit, Param | Singh, Sumanjeet | Goel, Sonia | Gupta, Apoorva
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Education is crucial for empowering women in the labour market. However, the choice of occupation may not always necessarily be determined by their level of education. OBJECTIVE: The present study seeks to answer two important questions: (1) Does education help in determining occupational choices of women working in the informal sector? (2) How do factors like number of dependents in the family, woman staying with family, migration status of a woman and the use of networks in the job-search process, affect the occupational choices of women working in the informal sector? METHOD: The study utilised …the data collected from 476 women, working in the urban informal sector of three northern States of India. We have estimated multinomial Probit model to analyse the data. RESULTS: This paper argues that education level cannot be the sole premise for a woman to have a better occupational choice within the informal sector. Other factors play a relatively significant role in determining the choice of occupation by a woman. CONCLUSION: Working women in the urban informal sector have less autonomy in the choice of their occupation and the education levels alone cannot help in providing access to more hygienic, career enriching and well-paying options to them. Show more
Keywords: Education, unemployment, occupational choices, networks, informal sector, labour, migration, I26, J24, D89, J46
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220483
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Akçakese, Andaç | Tükel, Yalçın | Demirel, Mehmet
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-life balance is an increasingly important issue in modern work environments, referring to a healthy harmony between work and personal life. Leisure is a crucial element supporting this balance, yet negative tendencies such as workaholism can challenge it. Over time, this can diminish work performance and lead to health problems. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand the role of leisure involvement in workaholism and evaluate this relationship with consideration for gender differences. METHOD: The data of the research were obtained through survey. The survey collected from individuals working in shopping centres in Konya province of …Türkiye by using simple random sampling method. A total of 389 individuals (185 female and 204 male) working in shopping centers participated in the study. RESULTS: The findings indicate significant differences in leisure involvement and workaholism concerning gender. Additionally, a relationship between leisure involvement and workaholism was identified, with gender having a moderating effect on this relationship. CONCLUSION: Consequently, it was determined that women exhibit higher levels of leisure involvement and workaholism tendencies compared to men, highlighting the crucial role of the relationship between leisure involvement and workaholism in ensuring work-life balance. The results of the research are discussed in the relevant section. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are developed. Show more
Keywords: Work, life, free time, leisure, recreation, gender
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240012
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Isik, Volkan | Ozdemir, Mustafa Caglar
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents are anticipated to decline when unregistered employment declines because of more regulated working conditions, inspections, and opportunities for legal protection. In the study, the accuracy of this presumption was examined. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine how to protective legal regulations generate a relationship between occupational accidents and informal employment such as the Occupational Health and Safety Law in Turkey. METHODS: In the research, which was structured within the framework of the quantitative method, various levels of relationship chains were created between informal employment and occupational accidents using correlation and slope calculations. The …official data set was created using secondary data from the Turkish Statistical Institute and the Social Security Institution. RESULTS: It has been determined that the low positive correlation (r = 0.166) between unregistered employment and occupational accidents in 2008–2012 (pre-legislation period) in Turkey changed to the medium-negative direction (r =–0.602) in 2013–2020 (legislation period). While the assumption that unregistered employment would decrease in the first period was confirmed, the hypothesis was falsified by the increase in occupational accidents despite the decrease in informality in the second period. CONCLUSION: This study is unique because it shows that in a developing country where unregistered employment is high, the protective regulations for work accidents do not reflect a decrease in the number of work accidents in the short and medium term. Show more
Keywords: Informal sectors, occupational accident, occupational health, occupational safety, government regulations, social security.
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-240158
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Gülşen, Mustafa | Ertuğrul, Bekir | Taşkın, Gülşen | Aytar, Ayça | Genç, Yasemin Kavuncubaşı
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all health professionals worldwide. This has also influenced their working lives, affecting burnout and work engagement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement among nurses and physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with total 509 nurses and physiotherapists who were working at any of the private, public, or university hospitals from two large and one small cities. A Personal Introduction Form, the Maslach Burnout Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale were used in the study. Frequency, percentage, mean, and …Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Necessary ethical approvals were taken for the research. RESULTS: There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between the average scores of the nurses on the vigor and devotion dimensions and the Work Engagement Scale and their average scores on emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, depersonalization dimensions and their average score on the Maslach Burnout Scale (p < 0.05). There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between the scores of the physiotherapists on the Work Engagement Scale and its dimensions and their average scores on the Maslach Burnout Scale and its dimensions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, it was found that the burnout levels of nurses and physiotherapists had an effect on their work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. During and after the COVID-19 process, managers should take measures to reduce the burnout levels of health professionals and increase their level of work engagement. Show more
Keywords: Nurse, physiotherapist, burnout, work engagement, COVID-19, pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230203
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Şahin, İhsan Emrecan | Durmaz, Vildan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The accumulated knowledge has led to a state of misunderstanding about the precise meanings of digitalization, and a precise framework to define smart airports is still missing. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to reveal the current status and future direction of smart airports and digital transformation in the academic literature and to provide a comprehensive definition for smart airports. METHODS: The identified keywords were searched in the Web of Science database covering the years 1989-2024 and a total of 372 studies were found. These studies were then analyzed using Bibliometrix (R package). RESULTS: We …determined that the most influential academic source on the themes is the Journal of Air Transport Management, and the collaboration index in the literature is three. While conferences are the most productive sources in this field, academic journals are mostly cited in studies. Academic studies typically employ and evaluate “performance” and “model,” “impact” and “air,” and “economic development” and “location” in tandem, despite the distinction between technological and managerial issues. CONCLUSION: In the light of the findings, the definition of a smart airport can be “an airport ecosystem where personalized service is provided to users by using Industry 4.0 technologies on the basis of big data analysis and real-time sharing between objects; digitalization is turned into a holistic organizational culture starting from top management to cover all personnel; the decision-making process is carried out autonomously within the entire airport operation network; and the main goal of competitive advantage and high-level user experience is provided uninterruptedly.” Show more
Keywords: Air travel, aviation, trends, digital technology, airports, data visualization
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230737
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-28, 2024
IOS Press, Inc.
6751 Tepper Drive
Clifton, VA 20124
USA
Tel: +1 703 830 6300
Fax: +1 703 830 2300
[email protected]
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to [email protected]
IOS Press
Nieuwe Hemweg 6B
1013 BG Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 688 3355
Fax: +31 20 687 0091
[email protected]
For editorial issues, permissions, book requests, submissions and proceedings, contact the Amsterdam office [email protected]
Inspirees International (China Office)
Ciyunsi Beili 207(CapitaLand), Bld 1, 7-901
100025, Beijing
China
Free service line: 400 661 8717
Fax: +86 10 8446 7947
[email protected]
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to [email protected]
如果您在出版方面需要帮助或有任何建, 件至: [email protected]