NeuroRehabilitation - Volume 3, issue 2

Article Type: Other

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3201

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. iv-iv, 1993

Authors: Kreutzer, Jeffrey S.

Article Type: Introduction

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3202

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. vi-vi, 1993

Authors: McLean Jr., Alvin | Cardenas, Diana D. | Haselkorn, Jodie K. | Peters, Michael

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article examines the use of compounds classified as “cognitive activators” to treat cognitive deficits from neurologic disorders, particularly brain injury. The compounds reviewed include catecholamine agonists, cholinergic agonists, nootropics, gangliosides, and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). We present both our own work and the work of other investigators who have studied the effects of these drugs on cognitive-behavioral functioning. A major emphasis of this article is the examination of different types of approaches to assess the treatment efficacy of drug interventions. The different approaches discussed include physiological, psychometric, and behavioral measures. Recommendations of specific measures that have been shown to …be especially sensitive to treatment effects are provided. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3203

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1-14, 1993

Authors: Silver, Jonathan M. | Yudofsky, Stuart C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Emotional and cognitive symptomatologies, such as depression, mania, lability of mood and affect, psychosis, impaired arousal, anxiety, and irritability and aggression often occur in neurologic disorders. These neuropsychiatric syndromes significantly impair functioning and efforts at rehabilitation. Patients with brain damage are especially sensitive to the side effects of medication. When appropriate guidelines are followed, psychopharmacologic intervention alleviates these symptoms, enhances rehabilitation, and avoids impairment of arousal and cognition.

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3204

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 15-25, 1993

Authors: Schneiders, Jay | Cobble, Nancy

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this article, the authors discuss the classification, recognition, and rehabilitation team management of psychological and neurobehavioral disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS), emphasizing throughout their view that from the psychological standpoint, MS is preeminently a disorder of the patient's self or identity. Disorders of the process of normal adjustment, disorders of organization and control (including disorders of affect and of cognition), and disorders of personality functioning are considered in turn. Finally, the authors discuss a model for the role of comprehensive, inpatient rehabilitation team treatment in addressing MS-related neurobehavioral disorders.

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3205

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 26-39, 1993

Authors: Willer, Barry S. | Linn, Richard T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Changes in behavior, both cognitive and emotional, are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Typically, these changes have a greater impact on family members than the physical limitations that often accompany brain injury. In this article, we present an overview of the behavioral techniques that have been used by family members of individuals with brain injury to deal with these problematic behavior changes. Clinical vignettes are presented that describe the actual solutions that family members have used in the home to help deal with behavior changes. The importance of determining the source of the behavior changes is highlighted, and the …need to apply behavior intervention programs with consistency is discussed. In addition, this article stresses the need for continued interaction between rehabilitation staff and family members beyond the period of inpatient rehabilitation. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3206

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 40-49, 1993

Authors: Guenther, Robert T. | Frank, Robert G. | McAdam, Cathy

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Individuals sustaining spinal cord injury often display initial distress followed by relatively effective coping allowing effective participation in rehabilitation. For those patients who continue to display significant symptoms of subjective distress or objective behavioral disturbance, behavior management interventions may help the individual cope with the demands of rehabilitation. A range of intervention strategies, drawn from many theories of behavior are needed to address the range of problems that occur. In the approach described in this article, traditional behavior modification programs, recruitment of family, and patient-community meetings are considered as behavior management strategies. Those strategies are considered with respect to three …broad areas of behavioral disturbance: (1) problems of attitude, (2) disorders of mood, and (3) disturbances of character. Behavior management is conceptualized as a method of affirming the patient's autonomy, independence, and self-determination. Suggestions are made regarding program development. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3207

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 50-59, 1993

Authors: Söderback, Ingrid | Caneman, Görel | Ekholm, Jan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Many activities of daily living (ADL) assessment instruments are available for judging the ability to perform personal care in, among others, persons suffering a stroke. However, ADL assessment instruments do not normally treat the underlying causes of failure to perform an activity. Seventeen persons with stroke were videotaped when performing personal care in their home environments about three years after the incident. The underlying causes of their failure in personal care are described in intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental dimensions. Interpersonal obstacles proved to be the main reasons why the persons in this study did not perform personal care. …The self-reports of a 24-hour activity pattern showing the relationship between use of time for performance of personal care, sleep and rest, and other activities are presented. For the participants in this study, the Klein-Bell ADL Scale, an assessment instrument comprising 170 observation points, was judged to be valid and reliable, but some modifications are proposed. Show more

DOI: 10.3233/NRE-1993-3208

Citation: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 60-71, 1993