Affiliations: [a] Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark | [b] Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia | [c] Danish National Research Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark | [d] Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Belgrade, Serbia | [x] Danish National Research Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark | [y] Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
Correspondence:
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Address for correspondence: Prof. Dejan B. Popovic, Aalborg University, Department of Health Science and Technology, Fredrik BajersVej 7, D3, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark. Tel.: +45 99408726; Fax: +45 98154008; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: This review presents technologies used in and assesses the main clinical outcomes of electrical therapies designed to speed up and increase functional recovery in stroke patients. The review describes methods which interface peripheral systems (e.g., cyclic neural stimulation, stimulation triggered by electrical activity of muscles, therapeutic functional electrical stimulation) and transcranial brain stimulation with surface and implantable electrodes. Our conclusion from reviewing these data is that integration of electrical therapy into exercise-active movement mediated by electrical activation of peripheral and central sensory-motor mechanisms enhances motor re-learning following damage to the central nervous system. Motor re-learning is considered here as a set of processes associated with practice or experience that leads to long-term changes in the capability for movement. An important suggestion is that therapeutic effects are likely to be much more effective when treatment is applied in the acute, rather than in the chronic, phase of stroke.
