Affiliations: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, University of
Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany | Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, I. Veris delli
Ponti Hospital, Scorrano, Italy | Kuratorium for Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation,
Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany | Loges-School of Physical Medicine, Bad Harzburg,
Germany
Abstract: Chronic renal failure patients on long-term hemolysis are found to
be under increased oxidative stress, caused by antioxidant deficiency,
neutrophil activation during hemodialysis (HD), platelet activation and/or
chronic inflammation. Increased levels of oxidants (e.g. malondialdehyde,
4-hydroxynonenal, hydrocarbons, lipohydroperoxides, oxycholesterols, carbonyls)
in HD patients are thought to play an important role in the development of
endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease, which is a
frequent condition in end-stage renal disease.
F_{2}-isoprostanes have been established as chemically
stable, highly specific and reliable biomarkers of in vivo oxidative stress
which can very sensitively measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(Morrow et al. [17]). An up to 6-fold increase of plasma
F_{2}-isoprostanes in HD patients is accompanied by an
enhanced formation of indicators of inflammation (e.g. C-reactive protein) and
decreases of endogenous antioxidants (e.g. ascorbate, α-tocopherol). In
their esterified form _{2}-isoprostanes may be a useful
criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical interventions to diminish
oxidant stress and associated inflammation. Furthermore,
F_{2}-isoprostanes possess potent biological activities
(e.g. 8-iso-PGF_{2α} is known as a renal
vasoconstrictor) suggesting that they may also act as mediators of the cellular
effects of oxidative stress and inflammation.
