Work - Volume 77, issue 1

Authors: Jacobs, Karen

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-246000

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 1-1, 2024

Authors: Niu, Long | Miraj, Muhammad | Chuntian, Lu | ur Rehman, Ramiz | Shereen, Saima

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Throughout history, the world has faced numerous health challenges and outbreaks, but through the dedication of medical professionals, solutions have been found. Despite this, the emergence of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has presented a new and dangerous threat. Nevertheless, with unwavering commitment, health experts have triumphantly discovered a remedy. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to examine how religious workers worldwide could contribute positively to ensuring the fair distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, addressing vaccine hesitancy, encouraging people to get vaccinated, and preventing vaccine nationalism. METHOD: Our study employed a refined qualitative content analysis methodology to …categorize factual information and pave the way for subsequent policymakers. We meticulously curetted the most trustworthy secondary data sources and utilized them to analyze the study. RESULTS: The content analysis reveals that religious workers played an active role in the global coronavirus vaccination drive by working towards better vaccine distribution, encouraging people to get vaccinated and countering hesitation and nationalism. CONCLUSION: In light of the discoveries, it would be prudent for policymakers to engage religious workers in advancing the cause of public health, regardless of whether the health matters are localized, national, or global in scale. This strategy has the potential to be both alluring and convincing. Show more

Keywords: Vaccine dissemination, public awareness, vaccine denial, vaccine ethnocentricity, COVID-19

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230092

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 3-21, 2024

Authors: Kim, Hyojin | Kim, Se-Jin | Hwang, Sujin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ever since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, students have been spending an increasingly longer time staring at electrical devices to take online courses. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the virtual class environment on eye and musculoskeletal problems in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 365 university students were enrolled in this study. They completed an online survey to examine the effects of online learning on eye and musculoskeletal health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaires consisted of four sections: demographic and general information, …environmental and work factors, device-related factors, and visual display terminal syndrome (VDTS). RESULTS: Participants have been taking online classes of 14.5 hours per week during the COVID-19 pandemic. They reported the mean daily usage of digital devices of 4.8±2.2 hours before the pandemic but this increased to 8.1±2.9 during the pandemic. Eye fatigue and neck, shoulder, and back pain have also been reported. The mean VDTS score was significantly influenced by gender, obesity, daily exercise, regular breaks, wear of blue light-blocking glasses, daily hours of electronic device use, and illumination of room. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that university students taking online classes suffered more from VDTS, especially in eye fatigue and neck, lower back, and shoulder pain during COVID-19 pandemic than prior. This study suggests that it is necessary to take breaks in online classes and regularly provide appropriate eye exercise and physical activity to prevent VDTS. Show more

Keywords: Eye fatigue, learning, lower back, musculoskeletal pain, neck, shoulder, work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220265

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 23-36, 2024

Authors: Rossi, Luca | Zanetti, Margot | Pasca, Maria Giovina

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In March 2020, with the scope to reduce the spread of COVID-19, most national governments around the world canceled in-person education and moved to online learning. Therefore, teachers and students had to adapt a new way of teaching. Most of Italian teachers never had such an experience before and encountered difficulties in effectively carrying out this process on their own. Difficulties that can naturally increase anxiety and stress, leading, in situations perceived as extreme, to burnout syndrome. OBJECTIVES: This paper endeavored to verify levels of job stress and burnout of Italian teachers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic …using the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory-General. This study aimed to measure the association among the three main dimensions of burnout and the variables of teachers’ personal and working lives that changed due to COVID-19. METHOD: The aim of this paper was to verify burnout state and to measure the association among the three dimensions of burnout and the personal and working lives of Italian teachers using structural equation model analysis. The analysis was conducted in December 2021 and considered the situation in which the Italian teachers (from primary to middle and upper school) are working since March 2020. RESULTS: The results showed that teachers were emotionally exhausted; they did not feel able to fully fulfill their task towards the students. This involved a high absenteeism, a lower quality of work performance and the impossibility of making an objective evaluation of the students with an inevitable flattening of the class level. In contrast, the study shows that teachers who experienced few problems had relatively low levels of burnout. CONCLUSION: The findings brought out some proposals to reduce the risk of burnout and increase the individual well-being of schoolwork organization with positive effects on the lives of students: to strengthen social identity, to avoid a full-time online connection, to promote a psychological support service and to promote resilience training. Show more

Keywords: Emotional stability, online learning, stress, burnout, COVID-19, well-being

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220394

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 37-47, 2024

Authors: Fannin, Austin | Hooley, Cole | Reeves, Cody J. | Marçal, Katherine | Treglown, Rachel | Woerner, Rachel

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: While mental illness (e.g., depression, anxiety) has been examined frequently in the workplace, the COVID-19 pandemic has only increased the attention towards mental illness. Mental well-being views mental health as a continuum from ill health to thriving. Few studies have examined factors associated with mental well-being in the workplace. Public stigma for mental illness, the general population’s negative attitude towards mental illness, and occupational burnout are examined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between burnout and public stigma on mental well-being in a sample of employees across industries in the United States. …METHODS: Employees surveyed from 16 companies from various industries were assessed. Room Here, a non-profit organization whose goal is to improve employee mental fitness, gathered data from these companies located in the western mountain region of the U.S. Data were collected during the pandemic. Across this portfolio of companies, 259 employees were included in the sample. Survey assesses respondents’ mental well-being, stigma towards mental illness, and occupational burnout. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used in this cross-sectional study on secondary data. RESULTS: Results suggested occupational burnout was associated with a decrease in mental well-being, while public stigma was associated with an improvement in mental well-being. CONCLUSION: This study sought to examine the relationship between mental well-being, burnout, and public stigma. Employee burnout and public stigma were related to mental well-being. Implications for burnout and stigma reduction programs are discussed as well as future research. Show more

Keywords: Company, wellness, mental health, COVID-19, stigma, burnout, employees, non-profit

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220507

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 49-59, 2024

Authors: Kinsman, Natasha | Marris, Nicole | Oakman, Jodi

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Utilisation of coworking spaces (CWS) was rising sharply prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition to new work arrangements which involve a hybrid, work and home model, is likely to involve the use of alternative workspaces. Understanding the impacts of CWS on employees is timely to examine the benefits of utilisation and how these might be incorporated into new ways of working. This scoping review aims to explore the relationship between CWS, mental and physical health, and workers’ performance, and provide insights into future considerations for design. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to map the current literature …on CWS, focusing on identification of relevant modifiable factors to improve worker’s mental and physical health, and performance. METHOD: Three databases, Embase, PsycInfo, and Proquest, were systematically reviewed, to identify studies from 2005 onwards. Data was extracted and analysed using diagrammatic mapping. Only studies published in English were included. RESULTS: Eleven relevant papers were included which covered the three outcomes of interest: worker’s performance (5), mental health (4) and physical health (2). Environmental factors influencing the three outcomes were categorised into physical environment (12 factors) and the psychosocial environment (6 factors). Overall, CWS environmental factors had a positive influence on workers (23 positive relationships and 11 negative relationships). CONCLUSION: Coworking spaces offer potential benefits for tele-workers, including opportunities for collaboration/networking and productivity gains. However, attention to the CWS physical design is important to optimise the experience for workers and mitigate risk of adverse mental and physical health effects. Show more

Keywords: Tele-working, productivity, workplace, physical, psychosocial, hybrid working

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220353

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 61-75, 2024

Authors: Prabhu, Namdeo | Issrani, Rakhi | Bader, Alzarea K. | Albulayhid, Amjad Abdulrahman S. | Alfayyadh, Afrah Yousef | Alruwaili, Khluod Khalifah | Alruwaili, Khalid Hussain Ali | Albalawi, Ahmed Saleh

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Local anaesthesia is the anaesthetic technique most frequently used in dentistry. Advanced anaesthetic treatments like conscious sedation and/or general anaesthesia are required for major dental surgical procedures. Although general dentists are capable of administering local anaesthesia, additional training is needed for advanced anaesthetic procedures. It is generally disputed whether advanced anaesthetic techniques should be related to one or two dental specialties or whether they should receive a separate degree. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at introducing the field of ‘dental anaesthesiology’ in routine dental practice as applicable within laws laid down for dental and medical specialities. …METHODS: Publications, articles and mouthpieces relevant to the topic of dental anaesthesiology were identified using various search engines like MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were ‘Dental anaesthesiology’, ‘General anaesthesia’, and ‘Dental care’. Articles about dental treatment done under anaesthesia were only considered describing various anaesthesia techniques. Additionally, the authors being regular caregivers of dentistry including oral and maxillofacial surgeon have shared their personal experiences and information on the said theme. RESULTS: In total, 127 articles were found of which 33 were available as full texts. Unrelated articles from the available full text were excluded. Finally, 17 studies were incorporated into the review. Majority of dental anaesthesiologist has a positive and favourable attitude towards the profession. Pediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and special needs dentistry are the fields with the highest service demand. Also, the field is lucrative if the practitioner is refined and provides sophisticated services. It is easier and time saving to train the dentists, especially the ones with oral and maxillofacial surgery background. CONCLUSION: A degree of dental anaesthesiologist will open new doors to the budding dentist seeking for jobs or wanting to provide the best outcome. Show more

Keywords: Dentists, paediatrics, pain, pain management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211464

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 77-83, 2024

Authors: Støren, Pernille G. | Grønningsæter, Hilde

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Worksite health promotion programs (WHPP) aiming to reduce presenteeism are rapidly increasing. However, program-efficacy seems impaired by lack of conceptual understanding and theoretical frameworks related to presenteeism. OBJECTIVES: To study (1) the concept of presenteeism, (2) the causes of the phenomenon and (3) which WHPP affect presenteeism. METHODS: We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for mapping relevant literature in seven databases. The main search-terms were “worksite”, “WHPP”, “presenteeism”, “employee productivity” and “interventions”. Reviews and review of reviews were included and analysed according to research questions and ecological theory. RESULTS: Of 2196 studies identified, …14 reviews were included, comprising 1390 single studies. Conceptually, presenteeism was poorly defined, mostly related to productivity/performance limitations due to ill health. Factors causing presenteeism addressed individual health or lifestyle (78%), and, to a lesser extent work and organisational factors (management/job stress) (22%). Forty-five highly diverse WHPP were identified, about 90% focusing health outcomes. 22/45 WHPP affected presenteeism/productivity positively. Multi-component WHPP implemented at multi levels accounted for 55%. Single-component programs, implemented at individual level, were mostly targeting health-risk subgroups. No specific WHPP seems preferable. Methodological quality seems highly associated with worksite intervention-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Increased telework opportunities due to COVID-19 experiences has affected working conditions worldwide, for better and worse, requiring adaptions at employee, management, organisational and socio-cultural levels. Our results showed high program diversity, several adaptable to future needs (e.g., digital solutions), however hampered by narrow focus on individual health. Future research should focus on theory-based high quality multilevel WHPP comprising contextual, work, and organisational factors. Show more

Keywords: Worksite health, intervention, occupational programs, productivity loss, cost, sustainable, physical exercise, stress management

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220115

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 85-102, 2024

Authors: Hacay Chang, Alywin | Bolaños, Francisco | Sanchis-Almenara, Mercedes | Gómez-García, Antonio Ramón

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders constitute one of the major health problems of workers exposed to manual work throughout the world. Nevertheless, there is no study that maps its conceptual structure based on a systematic methodology. OBJECTIVE: To identify the conceptual structure of ergonomics, MSDs, treatment and return to work in manual jobs in the last 12 years by applying a systematic co-word network analysis methodology which describes the replicability of the search filters and emphasizes the rigor that has to be followed in the creation of the network. METHODS: The search filter was customized for each bibliographic …database, and followed the PRISMA 2020 flowchart for the screening process. For the creation of the network, the titles, abstracts, and keywords were used as the unit of analysis extracting the noun phrases of the first two units. In the normalization process, the terms of the search filter were deleted and their associated terms, and standardized the similar terms. Regarding the plotting of the network, Vosviewer was used applying the network settings based on content analysis. RESULTS: The co-word network shows three communities: Ergonomic assessment and workplace intervention tools, factors related to rehabilitation and return to work, and physical and mental overload management. For each community, there is a framework that explains the relationship within terms. CONCLUSION: This study is aligned with the replicability, robustness, and relevance recommendations in the implementation of rigorous scientometric studies. The occupational health community is encouraged to implement scientometric studies following a rigorous methodology and working in interdisciplinary team. Show more

Keywords: Occupational health, conceptual structure, co-words analysis, science mapping, systematic review

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220611

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 103-112, 2024

Authors: Ghanbari, Zahra | Abouee-Mehrizi, Amirreza | Rasoulzadeh, Yahya | Hokmabadi, Rajabali

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Job analysis is one of the most important and widely used processes to determine job duties, identify and reduce potential risks, and specify the skills and facilities required for each job at the highest level of occupational safety and health. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform psychometric analyses of the Persian version of the Fleishman Job Analysis Survey (FJAS). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 31 drivers. Participants were selected by random sampling. Ten occupational health and ergonomics experts confirmed the validity of the survey. First, we calculated the survey’s CVR and CVI. Then, …we used ICC and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients to evaluate the survey’s reliability. Data analysis utilized SPSS 21. RESULTS: 78% of the participants were male and 22% were female. The mean age±SD of the participants was 39.1±11.82 years. The reliability and validity of the short version survey showed that the value of ICC and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.96, and CVR was 0.75. Moreover, the values of CVI for simplicity, clarity, and relevance were 0.87, 1, and 0.73, respectively. The long version’s ICC and CVR were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Simplicity, clarity, and relevance CVI scores were 0.9, 0.94, and 0.95. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the Fleischman Job Analysis Survey has the necessary validity and reliability for job analysis, so it can be used for driving professional or research purposes. Moreover, this survey is an effective tool for obtaining accurate and complete knowledge of job tasks and requirements. Show more

Keywords: Questionnaire, validity, reliability

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220004

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 113-121, 2024

Authors: Taylor, Wendell C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Computers are ubiquitous in the workplace and facilitate prolonged sitting, which has adverse health consequences. Various computer-prompt software programs are designed to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. However, specific guidelines that would improve research in this area have not been published. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to present recommendations for improving computer-prompt software research, to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. METHODS: Ten domains were identified based on deficiencies in the current literature combined with quality assessment tools to reduce the risk for bias. …The ten domains include composition of the research team, behavioral sciences theoretical frameworks, research design, alert types, outcome measures, confounding factors, intervention duration, carryover effects, racial/ethnic composition, and organizational culture. RESULTS: Specific recommendations are presented for each domain. The research team should include all stakeholders contributing as copartners in designing the intervention. For theory, a systems science framework was presented. Clustered randomized controlled trials were recommended, rather than randomization at the individual level. Distinct types of alerts (visual, auditory, or both) and frequency of alerts (hourly, randomly generated, or based on prolonged sitting patterns) are described. Outcome measures include average duration of sitting bouts, longest sitting bout, and number of sitting bouts. CONCLUSION: Prolonged sitting and physical inactivity at work lead to major health problems. Adherence to the recommendations presented here should facilitate high-quality research and improve the health of desk-based workers by decreasing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity. Show more

Keywords: Health promotion, public health, movement breaks

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220305

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 123-131, 2024

Authors: Yang, Eunhwa | Kim, Yujin | Rodgers, Charner

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavior-based safety (BBS) programs promote coworkers observing and correcting each other’s at-risk behaviors on site; the idea behind BBS programs is to create a cultural shift in a company where it is acceptable for coworkers to stop anyone, at any time, from working in an unsafe manner. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to examine the impacts of a BBS observation program in the construction industry. METHODS: The subject, an electrical contracting company, implemented the BBS program in January 2019. This study utilized multiple data sources: the company’s incident data, BBS program report …data, and surveys, including the Safety Climate Assessment Tool for Small Contractors. A total of 3,891 at-risk behaviors from the BBS reports, including 600 comments, and 141 survey responses were analyzed. RESULTS: The most frequently reported at-risk behavior was the line of fire, and the at-risk behaviors were often observed when workers conducted tasks, such as running or pulling wires, installing devices, and installing lights. The overall perception of safety climate was high, and the respondents reported that the safety climate had improved since the adoption of the BBS program. Overall, implementing the BBS program benefited in cultivating the company’s collective safety climate. CONCLUSION: As a result of the BBS program, the company implemented better communication strategies for their safety meetings on the most frequently reported at-risk behaviors, replacing safety gears with higher quality ones, and redesigning online safety training to better reflect the identified tasks that were associated with more at-risk behaviors. Show more

Keywords: Construction safety, peer observation, safety climate, safety program, at-risk behaviors

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220465

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 133-145, 2024

Authors: Mann, Stephanie | Juhl, Carsten Bogh | Paarup, Helene M. | Søgaard, Karen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Playing the violin often requires a rotated and lateral flexed neck, leading to potential neck and shoulder problems. An ergonomic chinrest (EC) with or without a shoulder rest (SR or WSR) may enhance neutral neck positioning, but the feasibility of the EC needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the usability of the EC for a two-week familiarisation period, including aspects such as playing performance, comfort level, and emotional response (e.g., feelings about using the product) among a group of violinists. METHODS: A one-arm feasibility study was conducted to assess the feasibility …of violinists playing with EC every day for two weeks. Six violinists who usually played with SR were included and asked to divide their daily playing time equally between SR and WSR. Feasibility outcomes were measured as adherence (days), compliance (playing hours per day) and usability (5-point Likert scale and open-ended questions). Compliance was achieved with a minimum of 25% playing time. RESULTS: Daily violin playing with EC showed high adherence of 89.3%. Compliance with the 25% play time criterion was met for SR, but not for WSR. Low playing performance (median 45.8 points difference), long confidence time (two violinists failed to reach a confidence level) and mainly negative feedback (26 out of 33 comments) were found in WSR compared to SR. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of playing WSR was low and negatively impacted playing performance. As a result, a larger-scale study will only evaluate the EC with SR due to greater feasibility. Show more

Keywords: Ergonomics, music, art, neck, work performance, occupational injury

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220518

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 147-160, 2024

Authors: Putra, Ade Mardani | Arce, Maria Carrera | Baumler, Raphael

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Just culture aspires to prompt organizational learning from enhanced feedback by frontline operators. Just culture requires mechanisms to eliminate fear and sanction but not accountability when reporting safety-related issues. Adopted in sectors such as aviation, just culture remains an underdeveloped field in the maritime sector. OBJECTIVE: This study explores how some pre-requisites for a just culture (i.e., ease of reporting, motivation to report, and trust) are perceived and potentially implemented by seafarers’ and shipping company safety representatives in Indonesia. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data in an exploratory study involving eleven active …seafarers and four safety managers from shipping companies in Indonesia. RESULTS: The conditions for ease of reporting seem present, at least on paper. Shipping companies receive one to two near-miss reports per month. However, incidents seem to be underreported. It appears that companies are unsuccessful in establishing the motivation and trust necessary to enhance safety event reporting. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the concept of a just culture is not well understood among certain Indonesian shipping companies. The main barriers to implementing a just culture relate to hierarchical structures in the industry, frequent crew changes, blame culture, and lack of anonymous reporting for safety concerns. Show more

Keywords: Just culture, ease of reporting, motivation to report, trust, near-miss, incident, shipping

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220555

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 161-170, 2024

Authors: Duan, Xiaosai | Yu, Suihuai | Chu, Jianjie | Cong, Yangfan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The cockpit of an aircraft is the main place where the pilot controls the aircraft on a mission. An excellent cockpit environment not only ensures the pilot’s basic survival needs but also improves the comfort level and alleviates fatigue when performing missions. OBJECTIVE: On the basis of domestic and international airworthiness standards, a top-down refinement method is deployed to determine the initial goal, and the environmental criteria are fully discussed and balanced in a dynamic process to build a comprehensive evaluation system for environmental factors in the aircraft cockpit. METHODS: Based on the fuzzy comprehensive …evaluation theory, an evaluation model for environmental factors is constructed by combining analytic hierarchical analysis (AHP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then the feasibility of the evaluation model is verified by an illustrative example. RESULTS: The results suggest that the light environment gains the highest score among the 4 environmental criteria followed by the thermal environment, while both sound environment and microenvironment have relatively low scores. CONCLUSION: As for the 27 environmental sub-criteria, temperature, illumination, lighting clarity, light-color coordination, noise duration and pressure score the highest. The evaluation findings can provide important environmental control criteria for the subsequent environmental control system in the cockpit of the aircraft. Show more

Keywords: Aircraft cockpit, environmental factor index, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, analytic hierarchy process, index weight, particle swarm optimization

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220583

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 171-184, 2024

Authors: Rick, Vera B. | Brandl, Christopher | Mertens, Alexander | Nitsch, Verena

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research demonstrates that work interruptions are considered one of the most common work stressors. Understanding the mechanisms of work interruptions is therefore vital to reducing worker stress and maintaining performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of the frequency of work interruptions on subjective workload in the context of office work. Specifically, the mediating influence of interruption perception as well as the moderating influence of the complexity of the primary task are examined. METHOD: The work interruptions of 492 office workers in Germany were collected by means of a one-day …diary study. A mediation model and a conditional indirect effect model were calculated to examine the influence of interruption frequency on subjective workload, mediated by the individual perception of these interruptions as well as moderated by the complexity of the primary work tasks. RESULTS: The analyses indicated a significant mediation and moderation. This implies that, on the one hand, the perception of work interruptions significantly mediates the relationship between the frequency of work interruptions and subjective workload. On the other hand, more complex primary work tasks seem to strengthen the positive relationship between interruption frequency and perceived interruption overload. CONCLUSION: The study underlines that work interruptions need to be considered in a much more differentiated way than is currently the case. Both in research and in terms of intervention measures in the work context, the various influencing factors need to be identified for an assessment of the effects on the working person to be possible. Show more

Keywords: Workload, digital work, office work, knowledge work, routine work, task complexity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220684

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 185-196, 2024

Authors: Robert, Rhonda | Andersen, Clark R. | Murphy, Kathleen M. | Granger, Teresa A. | Scardaville, Melissa C. | Medina-George, Sandra A. | Nguyen, Vinh | Frieden, Lex M.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Financial distress is a primary concern for young adults with cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify material resources, physical and psychological health, and workplace variables that are associated with financial distress in young adult cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Cancer Survivor Employment Needs Survey. Participants were young adults (18–39 years of age) who lived in the United States and had a cancer diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression was used to model relations between financial distress and material resources, physical and psychological health, and workplace …variables. RESULTS: Participants (N = 214) were mostly non-Hispanic White (78%), female (79%), and had a mean age of 31 years and 4.6 years post-diagnosis. Material resources, physical and psychological health, and workplace variables were all identified as contributing to study participants’ financial distress. Among the young adults surveyed, financial distress was prevalent, and an array of problems were associated with financial distress. CONCLUSION: Oncology and rehabilitation providers should openly discuss finances with YAs with cancer and guide them to resources that can address their financial, benefits, and vocational needs to ultimately improve quality of life. Show more

Keywords: Young adults, financial distress, financial burden, cancer, oncology, work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220687

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 197-209, 2024

Authors: Alam, Beenish Fatima | Najmi, Muhammad Arqam | Hussain, Talib | Babar, Bilal Zaman | Ghani, Salwan | Khan, Amna | Nayab, Talha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Professionalism is one of the fundamental traits which includes behaviors, commitments, standards, and goals that helps define a profession. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the attitude of dental students and graduates regarding the practice of professionalism in dentistry using the Professionalism Mini Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) questionnaire. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst the dental undergraduates, lecturers and postgraduate faculty. Views regarding professionalism were assessed using the P-MEX. The 24-questions based survey form is comprised of questions related to doctor and patient relationship skills, reflective abilities, time management, and lastly, interprofessional …relationship expertise. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were done using mean and SD, whilst associations between responses were assessed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: From a total of 201 participants, 95 (47.3%) were males and 106 (52.7%) were females. Statistically significant association was seen between time management, reflective skills, and interpersonal skills with gender, as well as the domains of P-MEX and years of education. CONCLUSION: The use of P-MEX provides a valid confirmation for the assessment and awareness of professionalism amongst the dental faculty and students. Females demonstrated higher traits of professionalism as compared to males. The findings from the current study identify that students and faculty members had sufficient awareness regarding professionalism and the practice of professionalism was routinely followed. Show more

Keywords: Medical professionalism, ethics, professional competence, teaching, assessment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220694

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 211-218, 2024

Authors: Alaca, Nuray | Karakuş, Meryem Bektaş | Kocaer, Özge | Arslan, Dilek Çağrı

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The social position, perceived prestige and image of a profession are often of interest to members of that profession, and physiotherapy is no exception. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the perceived occupational prestige and image of physiotherapists and physiotherapy students in Turkey. METHODS: 235 physiotherapy students and 465 physiotherapists were included in the study. A survey questioning occupational image, job satisfaction and prestige of the profession according to eight occupations was completed by the participants online. RESULTS: In terms of prestige, physiotherapy students ranked their profession fourth among eight …undergraduate professions, while physiotherapists ranked their profession fifth. Compared to physiotherapists, physiotherapy students had more positive perceptions about their children becoming physiotherapists, the image of the profession in the eyes of the society, and job satisfaction (p  < 0.05). Professional expectations of physiotherapists were higher than students. In addition, physiotherapists working for more than ten years had more positive perceptions about their children becoming physiotherapists, the public image of the profession, income level, and social standing, although perceived job satisfaction and need status were lower compared to physiotherapists with less than ten years of experience (p  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: While physiotherapy students in Turkey perceived the prestige of the physiotherapist profession at a moderate level compared to other undergraduate professions, physiotherapists had a slightly lower perception of professional prestige compared to students. More comprehensive studies are needed on this subject. Show more

Keywords: Image, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, prestige, satisfaction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220697

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 219-230, 2024

Authors: Lee, Li-Hung | Yang, Cheng-I | Chen, Mu-Kuan | Hsieh, Ming-Yu | Chen, Yen-Ju

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) has steadily increased due to major advances in cancer care. However, cancer survivors who experience job loss face different challenges regarding return to work (RTW). Relatively few studies have integrated the experience encountered by patients. OBJECTIVE: This mixed-methods study aimed to explore the experience and challenges of RTW in patients with HNC. METHODS: Data were collected with structured questionnaires (n  = 120) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews (n  = 12). RESULTS: Relationships were found between patient’s physical status, perceived stress, and social …support. Patients who continued work, or not, had significant differences in reported physical function and stress. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data, including the perceived meaning of work, challenges for RTW, preparing for RTW, and social support. After diagnosis and treatment, patients perceived the meaning of work, such as personal value, responsibility, and financial need. They faced many challenges to RTW, including declining physical strength, workload, schedule rearrangement, speech difficulty, and changed appearance. In order to RTW, they prepared extensively and needed support from family and friends. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the experiences and challenges of RTW patients with HNC. The results allowed us to identify patients’ concerns and ways that healthcare providers could improve the RTW process. Future studies may develop tailored approaches for RTW in healthcare and government policies. Show more

Keywords: Cancer survivorship, employment, mixed-method, rehabilitation, work resumption

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220707

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 231-241, 2024

Authors: Genc, Ezgi | Pirincci, Edibe

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Internet addiction and physical inactivity are often a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between internet addiction (IA) and physical activity (PA) levels of university students in a province in eastern Turkey. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 638 students. Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were administered. Chi-square, independent sample t -test, correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance tests (ANOVA), Tukey HSD test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: 64.6% of the participants were female, with a mean age …of 20.4±2.4 and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.3±3.5. 83.4% of the participants were identified as those asymptomatic, 15.2% showed limited symptoms, and 1.4% were pathological internet users according to IAT. A statistically significant difference was found between IAT scores and gender, mother’s education level, father’s education level, academic success, smoking status, and alcohol use (p  < 0.05). According to IPAQ scores, 28.1% of the students were inactive, 56.3% were moderate PA and 15.7% had vigorous PA levels. IPAQ total scores of male participants, smokers, and participants with exercise habits were found to be significantly higher (p  < 0.05). The mean score IAT and IPAQ was found to be 30.9±18.9 and 1697.7±1847.0. A negative, significant correlation was found between students’ PA and IA levels (p  < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It has been observed that IA negatively affects PA. Seminars, conferences, and panels on the internet and physical activity should be organized for university students. Show more

Keywords: Body mass index, cross-sectional study, exercise, gender, habits, smoking

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230015

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 243-252, 2024

Authors: Demirel, Yüksel | Çağatay, Hüseyin Tolga | Ertuğrul, Bekir | Başaran, Esin | Salimoğlu, Serap

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A sense of compassion has a core importance in health service delivery. Research on the psychological impact of being compassionate on healthcare workers is limited. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to examine the effect of compassion levels of healthcare workers on their psychological well-being. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The population of the research consists of health personnel working throughout Ankara, the capital. The study was carried out with 414 healthcare workers. A personal information form, compassion scale and psychological well-being scale were used in the research questionnaire. …RESULTS: A positive and significant relationship was found between compassion and psychological well-being scores. It was determined that compassion positively affected psychological well-being levels. The level of compassion showed that there was a significant difference between the groups according to the variables of gender, family structure, job satisfaction and whether they would choose the same profession again. The level of psychological well-being was found to be significantly different between the groups in education, job satisfaction and making the same profession choice again. CONCLUSION: It is a professional requirement that health professionals in patient care have a sense of compassion and reflect this feeling in their conduct. Research shows that the greater the compassion, the higher the psychological well-being. Therefore, undertaking training initiatives to make healthcare workers more compassionate can contribute to patient care and at the same time to the psychological well-being of healthcare workers. Show more

Keywords: Healthcare personnel, health status, health improvement, mental health, mental healing, mental hygiene

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230035

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 253-262, 2024

Authors: Marin-Farrona, Maria | Wipfli, Brad | Thosar, Saurabh S. | García-Unanue, Jorge | Gallardo, Leonor | Felipe, Jose Luis | López-Fernández, Jorge

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Active break programs at the workplace are a promising initiative for increasing workers' physical activity (PA) levels, health, work-ability (WA), and social relationship. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of an Active Breaks workplace program based on Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) aligned with Behavior Change Techniques (BCT) on PA levels, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), WA, and social relationships among university workers. METHODS: #UCLMuévete is a quasi-experimental, 12-week intervention designed according to the TREND and TIDieR-PHP checklists. Sixty-nine university workers were recruited and placed into 17 teams of 3 to 5 people. Participants were …instructed to take a 20-min active break every working day (walking, cycling, and functional training). The following variables were measured before and after the 12-week intervention: (1) Amount of PA with accelerometers, (2) CRF through the 6 Min-Walking Test (m), (3) Body composition (fat mass (gr), muscle mass (gr), and bone mineral content (g/cm3) through densitometry), (4) Stress with the BodyGuard2 device, (5) WA through Work Ability Index (WAI), and (6) Social relationships through an ad-hoc questionnaire. Part-time workers, pregnant women, and workers with physical disability were excluded. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the amount of daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (Difference (Dif)., women +8.05 and men +12.31 minutes; p  < 0.05; ES = 0.224; 0.379), CRF (Dif., women +52.98 and men +25.53 meters; p  < 0.05; ES = 0.578; 0.209), and (Dif., women +2.16 and men +2.39; p  < 0.05; ES = 0.150; 0.177). No significant changes were observed in body composition and stress. CONCLUSION: 20 min/day of aerobic and strength active breaks, based on SCT aligned to BCTs, improves university workers’ amount of PA, CRF, WAI, and social relationships. Show more

Keywords: Employees, Bandura’s theory, behavior change techniques, mHealth, exercise

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230062

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 263-273, 2024

Authors: O’Loghlen, Jessica | Geraghty, Timothy | Kendall, Melissa | Nielsen, Mandy | Jones, Rachel | McLennan, Vanette | Watter, Kerrin | Ownsworth, Tamara

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Return-to-work (RTW) is often viewed as an important outcome following acquired brain injury (ABI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), although not all individuals have vocational goals and many experience barriers to RTW. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationship between RTW and psychosocial functioning at 12-months post-discharge after ABI and SCI and examined patterns of RTW according to perceived need for and receipt of vocational support. METHODS: A file audit was conducted for 69 participants with ABI (n  = 44) and SCI (n  = 25). Data on employment status and perceived vocational support at 3- …and 12-months post-discharge, home and community participation, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life were extracted. RESULTS: Individuals in paid employment at 12-months post-discharge (22%, n  = 15) reported significantly better psychosocial functioning at this timepoint compared to those not employed (78%; n  = 54). For those not employed, three subgroups were identified: 1) Did not perceive the need for or receive vocational support (50%; n  = 27); 2) Perceived vocational support needs were unmet (19%; n  = 10); and 3) Perceived and received vocational support (31%; n  = 17). Psychological distress was highest for those who perceived and received vocational support but were not employed. CONCLUSION: RTW was associated with better psychosocial functioning after acquired neurological injury. The findings highlight the need for clinicians to explore and revisit individuals’ perceived need for and preferences for vocational support and monitor the psychological well-being of those with RTW goals that are not yet successful. Show more

Keywords: Acquired neurological injury, work re-integration, employment outcome, psychosocial functioning, psychological well-being

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230090

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 275-293, 2024

Authors: Langove, Naseebullah | Javaid, Muhammad Umair | Ayyasamy, Ramesh Kumar | Ibikunle, Afeez Kayode | Sabir, Asrar Ahmed

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fear of losing psychological resources can lead to stress, impacting psychological health and behavioral outcomes like burnout, absenteeism, service sabotage, and turnover. OBJECTIVE: The study examined the impact of job stressors (time pressure, role ambiguity, role conflict) on employee well-being and turnover intentions. The study also investigated the mediating role of employee well-being between job stressors and turnover intention based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory. METHODS: Data from 396 IT executives in Malaysian IT firms were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. RESULTS: Results confirmed …a significant negative correlation between time pressure (–0.296), role ambiguity (–0.423), role conflict (–0.104), and employee well-being. Similarly, employee well-being showed a significant negative relationship with turnover intentions (–0.410). The mediation analysis revealed that employee well-being mediates the relationship between time pressure (0.121), role ambiguity (0.173), role conflict (0.043), and turnover intentions. CONCLUSION: This paper aims to manifest the importance of designing employee well-being policies by firms to retain employees. Findings reflect the role of the managerial approach towards ensuring employee well-being for employee retention, thereby reducing recruitment and re-training costs. Show more

Keywords: Time pressure, role ambiguity, role conflict, employee satisfaction

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230103

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 295-305, 2024

Authors: Cannedy, Shay | McCoy, Matthew | Oishi, Kristina | Canelo, Ismelda | Hamilton, Alison B. | Olmos-Ochoa, Tanya T.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of patient aggression on primary health care employees is underexplored, yet imperative to address, given high rates of burnout. OBJECTIVE: We qualitatively explore perceptions of patient aggression among staff in women’s health primary care at the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Our objective is to identify coping strategies that staf devised in response to aggressive behavior. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 VA women’s health primary care employees in 2021 and 2022. Informed by the Job Demands-Resources theoretical model, we used rapid qualitative analysis to identify themes related to patient aggression and employee …coping strategies. RESULTS: Disruptive behaviors reported by participants included verbal and physical aggression. Staff cited disruptive patient behavior as emotionally draining and perceived a lack of consequences for low-level aggression. Respondents used coping strategies in response to patient aggression at three time points: before, during, and after a negative interaction. At each point, support from team members emerged as a dominant coping mechanism, as well as rapport-building with patients. CONCLUSION: Patient aggression can negatively impact the work experiences of primary care employees. At VA, women’s health primary care staff have devised multiple strategies to cope with these interactions. However, the ability to effectively prevent and manage patient aggression is limited by the lack of meaningful repercussions for aggression at the organizational level, which has important implications for employee well-being and retention. Retention of women’s health employees in VA is critical given the need for a highly specialized workforce to address the complex health needs of women veterans. Show more

Keywords: Workplace violence, incivility, workforce, veterans, delivery of health care

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230157

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 307-315, 2024

Authors: Béguin, Pascal | Cerf, Marianne

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-236021

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 317-320, 2024

Authors: Heddad, Nadia | Biquand, Sylvain

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several characteristics of working in an urban environment that challenge the usual forms of work prescription. OBJECTIVE: This is a case study on the work of gardeners in an urban setting in the north of Paris. This paper develops the notion of territory, which we define as a system that is locally rooted in an open environment through the situated actions of gardeners’ work. As the employees do their work in an outside environment, interactions in real-life situations are beyond the control of work organization. City gardeners’ work is carried out in a green, living …and human environment. METHODS: We conducted detailed open observations in a town’s green zones. These were complemented by individual interviews in work situations and by collective interviews within the boundaries of the municipality. RESULTS: We use the notion of territory to highlight the particularity of work within organizations where the work environment cannot be limited to the space inside their walls. The gardeners’ work makes it possible to link residents and passers-by (on foot or in vehicles) with the town’s green spaces (micro-ecosystems). Their work consists in connecting the different expectations and needs of the various life forms: the human beings (with a variety of lifestyles), as well as the plants, insects and animals. CONCLUSION: The particularities of working in an open environment create complex forms of prescription. The notion of territory, rarely used in ergonomics, proves to be fruitful for considering work in these contexts. Show more

Keywords: Work activity, situated action, forms of prescription, living system, territory

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220378

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 321-330, 2024

Authors: Robert, Jeanne-Martine | Béguin, Pascal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A huge amount of ergonomic research has been carried out in companies. However, territory is now becoming a new frontier for decision-making during design. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to examine how territorial scale impacts the design process of a work system. METHODS: Two types of methods were used. First, we analyzed and defined what constitutes a territorialized work system. On this basis we conducted a design project for the re-conception of a territorialized work system with the linden tree. RESULTS: It is argued that a “territorialized work system” is not limited to its …productive dimensions; it engages in a “making of a milieu” which consists of matching the work system with a range of dimensions that make life possible within the territory. CONCLUSION: The territorial aspect of running a design project thus relates to three dimensions: the systemic dimension of the system to be designed, the organization of the design project itself, and the nature of the object to be designed: the possibility of making a milieu, i.e. of being able to live in the territory. Show more

Keywords: Design, territory, activity, milieu

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220349

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 331-342, 2024

Authors: Cerf, Marianne | Le Bail, Chloé | Boccara, Vincent | Loyce, Chantal

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Few ergonomics studies have explored the work required to implement territorialized public policies. OBJECTIVE: To identify key challenges for ergonomists who analyse and support intermediation work taking place in the design and implementation of a Territorial Food Project or TFP (a public policy device). METHODS: We adapted a framework developed in the field of political sociology. The analysis focuses on two scales to identify key characteristics of intermediation work: the agri-urban area as delimited and targeted by the TFP; and the farm and its relationships to food systems. To capture how intermediation work articulates prescription …and action, we studied first the work carried out by the actors to use a public policy device such as TFP, and second the evolving farming work systems’ connections to food systems and how they are supported by various actors. RESULTS: Intermediation work is spread across a wide diversity of actors. Coordination at governance level aims to allocate resources among institutional actors and to check the progress of the elaborated action plan. Coordination at operational level, which is meant to support farming work system dynamics or to implement the action plan, focuses on fostering the emergence of initiatives but seems to lack a shared vision and time availability. CONCLUSION: We identify two main challenges: to further develop a framework for analysing the intermediation work occurring in a multi-scale and territorial perspective; and to develop new intervention methods so that ergonomists can take part in and support such intermediation work. Show more

Keywords: Food policy, local food systems, facilitation, peri-urban agriculture, ergonomic intervention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220298

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 343-357, 2024

Authors: Xavier, Amanda Fernandes | Valle, William Azalim do | de Souza, Marcelo Alves | Duarte, Francisco José de Castro Moura | Lima, Francisco de Paula Antunes

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: This article discusses expanded governance of territorial issues as the basis for a sustainable way of producing and commercializing, as well as the relevance of work analysis within this governance. This discussion is developed from the Functionality and Cooperation Economy approach and from Brazilian experiences of organic food production and community-based solid waste management. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the relationship between territorial issues and work activities in initiatives that seek territorial solutions for food and waste management in order to reflect on a sustainable economic transition and its challenges. METHODS: This article presents a …reflection, a posteriori , concerning the follow-up of two initiatives that seek a sustainable economy and that, facing territorial issues, adopted different economic strategies. The field of research, by which the intended reflections are guided, originated from two intervention projects conducted by two different research/intervention groups. RESULTS: Our study highlights how the central focus on the effects of work in a territory can support the development of reflexivity and, consequently, the production of transversal cooperation and the sharing of material and immaterial resources, thereby leading to multifunctional territorial solutions. CONCLUSION: This study presents how the co-construction of multifunctional territorial solutions, involving cooperation among different actors, can be developed by an analysis of the respective activities involved. This analysis confers centrality to real work in order to feed the governance devices and enable the development of relationships of trust, necessary for living and producing in harmony, along with the construction of conventions and dynamic cooperation. Show more

Keywords: Functional and cooperative economy, work activities, territorial issues, territorial solutions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220376

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 359-375, 2024

Authors: Boudra, Leïla | Souza, Marcelo | Varella, Cinthia | Béguin, Pascal | Lima, Francisco de Paula Antunes

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Waste production and management from residents and collection for sorting are systems heavily dependent on territorial dimensions. Ergonomic research needs to better integrate such territorial determinants to improve work conditions and design sustainable work systems. OBJECTIVE: Through studies in France and Brazil, this paper analyzes the territorial relations that raise work systems’ sustainability challenges for materials recovery facilities (MRFs) and waste management in both countries and examines the links between work activity and territory in MRFs. METHODS: Both studies were based on the principles of activity-oriented ergonomics and used analyses of work activity and sociotechnical …systems. The French study focused on interventions conducted over a 42-month period in five MRFs. The Brazilian study was based on a 20-month longitudinal qualitative and quantitative study. RESULTS: In this paper, we argue that territory is a key determining factor in waste production and work. Notably, the consumption patterns of residents and the economic flows within a geographic space determine the waste composition; and the territorially specified public policies, which define technical and social dimensions of waste collection and sorting. However, the territorial dimensions of waste are poorly considered in facility design. Workers’ health and sorting system performance are thus affected and negatively compromising plant performance. CONCLUSION: The territory appears as a blind spot in the design of work systems. One of the challenges is to create interfaces and devices that could help to integrate better human activity and waste territorialized anchorage, in a multilevel organization, from local communities to the global recycling chains. Show more

Keywords: Sustainable development, territory, waste management, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220362

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 377-389, 2024

Authors: Cunha, Liliana | Lacomblez, Marianne

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The heuristic potential of work activity-focused territory analyses has yet to be explored in depth. Instead of viewing territories as a product of their actors, the prevailing approaches rely on statistical indicators to view them “from above”. OBJECTIVE: To understand how work activity acts upon a territory and transforms it, and to discuss what the main indicators used to characterize territories reveal and conceal. METHODS: Case studies led on two territories, each in a different industry. One on transportation in a sparsely populated “low density” area; the other in an industrial district, focusing on its …“high activity rate” cork industry. In the first case, work activity analyses were led with drivers and mobility designers, including systematic observations and interviews, in the context of an endeavour to redesign a local transport network. In the second case, work activity analyses led among cork stopper choosers were followed with an integrative literature review of indicators about the cork industry and its health impacts. RESULTS: This territory analysis highlights: (i) traces of bus drivers’ work activity on the mitigation of inequalities in access to public transportation; (ii) “absent indicators” regarding cork choosers’ work activity and its health impacts, stressing the existence of a development agenda for this territory focused on cork processing rather than on those who perform it. CONCLUSION: Our analysis of territorialization processes through the lens of work activity signposts a path for research-action seeking to associate territorial development with improvements in the working conditions of citizen workers. Show more

Keywords: Activity-centred ergonomics, territorialization processes, absent indicators, activity traces, boundary objects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220374

Citation: Work, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 391-404, 2024