Work - Volume 67, issue 3

Authors: Jacobs, Karen

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203304

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 517-518, 2020

Authors: Anholon, Rosley | Rampasso, Izabela Simon | Cooper Ordóñez, Robert E.

Article Type: Article Commentary

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging companies worldwide and undergraduate courses need to consider this context within their disciplines, especially regarding human factors and ergonomics. For this, professors should plan how to insert this knowledge into the program content of their discipline. OBJECTIVE: This commentary aims to present how this insertion will be conducted in the second academic semester of 2020 in the discipline “Productive Systems” of the mechanical engineering undergraduate course offered by a Brazilian university. METHODS: This commentary is based on the authors’ points of view and experiences. However, the presented discussion is based …on institutional websites and international articles. RESULTS: It is possible to verify that human factors and ergonomic aspects related to the pandemic can be debated in several topics of the analyzed discipline. CONCLUSIONS: Besides presenting the planning of inserting these aspects, this commentary expands the debates on the subject. Show more

Keywords: Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, engineering education, Brazil, human factors, ergonomics

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203305

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 519-521, 2020

Authors: Feiz Arefi, Maryam | Babaei-Pouya, Amin | Poursadeqiyan, Mohsen

Article Type: Article Commentary

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Quarantine is considered as an effective solution in the early stages of an epidemic. In the case of the coronavirus epidemic, quarantine was also recommended and implemented as a significant guideline to prevent the disease. However, despite the benefits of quarantine, there are also complications and problems. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study was conducted as a literature review through searching the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct for papers published before July 2020. The research was conducted based on the …keywords “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “quarantine.” The references of the papers were also reviewed to find the ones not found in the databases. The guidelines published by reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used in this study. RESULTS: Although quarantine is applied as an important and primary solution in the outbreak of epidemics, in cases of pandemics, it may not be free of negative effects on individuals and public health. However, because of the need to reopen and restart social and economic activities, some changes should be made in lifestyles and work activities. Using cyberspace and telework can be helpful. As the findings showed, COVID-19 bubbles can be used to restore social communications. CONCLUSION: Using masks, avoiding unnecessary gatherings, complying with personal and social hygiene, and respecting social distancing can be valuable solutions that, if implemented properly, can decrease the rate of the disease significantly. It is also emphasized that quarantine is still necessary and important as the best solution for sick people and individuals who are suspected carriers of the disease. Show more

Keywords: Personal protection equipment, pandemic, social distancing, COVID-19, quarantine, health effects

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203306

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 523-527, 2020

Authors: Stanhope, Jessica

Article Type: Other

Abstract: The day my pain specialist told me I would never be pain-free again, I knew my music career was over. I was 21 years old, and had been in constant pain for about two years. I had experienced intermittent jaw pain for about 10 years, but having braces on my teeth, and later having my wisdom teeth removed was supposed to fix it. It did not. The day of my surgery was the last time I had been pain free, even for a second. The years that followed were horrible, and my life was turned upside down.

Keywords: Music, health professional, pain

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203307

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 529-534, 2020

Authors: Bojner Horwitz, Eva | Spännäri, Jenni | Langley, Julia | Jacobs, Bette | Osika, Walter

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an insufficient amount of studies that examine how academic working life of researchers can be supported. OBJECTIVE: We examine the use of a nature and art-related activity retreat designed for researchers. The purpose was to evaluate if and how researchers perceived different workshop experiences set in nature as meaningful and important with regards to their self-care. METHODS: A mixed group of six researchers from Sweden, Finland, and the United States met for a three-day retreat consisting of self-selected nature and art-related activities. From data constituted from participant reflections, a focus group interview, …a three months follow-up questionnaire, and an analysis of the workshops undertaken, three major themes were identified: “Sharing and connection”, “Embodiment” and “Nature”. RESULTS: Analysis of the workshop-style exercises did not show significant variance in reported meaningfulness and usefulness related to the activity itself. However, there was a strong correlation between perceived value and shared experience where the sharing of the natural space was felt to put humanity into perspective. CONCLUSION: Organizing and systematizing health preventive retreats for researchers in academia may be an important part of the sustainabile academic community in which the researcher needs to be better taken care of in a more embodied way. Although this study was conducted prior to COVID-19, such retreats and potentially also online versions, could be useful for managing the pandemic and afterwards, in our new “normal”. Show more

Keywords: Academic stress, embodiment, nature retreat, perception

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203243

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 535-548, 2020

Authors: Abbasi, Maria S. | Ahmed, Naseer | Sajjad, Batool | Alshahrani, Abdullah | Saeed, Sumera | Sarfaraz, Shaur | Alhamdan, Rana S. | Vohra, Fahim | Abduljabbar, Tariq

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: E-learning is increasingly used during the COVID-19 pandemic, however the impact of this change on students is not known. This study aimed to evaluate perception and satisfaction of health sciences students towards E-learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 2000 health care students either through email or social media platforms. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: the first section addressed demographic information such as age, education level, course of study, number of lectures attended and country. The second section gathered information on perception and satisfaction of students using 13 close-ended questions. …Frequencies and percentages were assessed for demographic data, perception and satisfaction level of students. The paired sample t -test, independent t test and Spearman correlation were applied to evaluate statistical significance between different variables of the study. A p -value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Data from 1255 participants were included at a response rate of 66.4%. More than one third (37%) of the students took 25 or more online E-learning sessions and 47% preferred Zoom as an online platform. Participants belonged to 11 countries from developed and developing nations. 41% reported interference of E-learning due to network problems. 60% considered that clinical and practical skills are best learned in clinics and laboratories. More than one third of the students preferred classroom teaching and 34% of the students did not feel confident enough to take exit exams after E-learning sessions. CONCLUSION: E-learning satisfaction levels were better among developed countries (7.34) compared to developing countries (5.82). The majority of participants agreed that E-learning was satisfactory in acquiring knowledge, however not effective in acquiring clinical and technical skills. As the COVID-19 lockdown eases, there is a need for improvement in the methods employed in E-learning and more blended learning among healthcare students is recommended. Show more

Keywords: Education, teaching, distance learning, COVID-19, confidence

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203308

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 549-556, 2020

Authors: Tkatek, Said | Belmzoukia, Amine | Nafai, Said | Abouchabaka, Jaafar | Ibnou-ratib, Youssef

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To combat COVID-19, curb the pandemic, and manage containment, governments around the world are turning to data collection and population monitoring for analysis and prediction. The massive data generated through the use of big data and artificial intelligence can play an important role in addressing this unprecedented global health and economic crisis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work is to develop an expert system that combines several solutions to combat COVID-19. The main solution is based on a new developed software called General Guide (GG) application. This expert system allows us to explore, monitor, forecast, and optimize …the data collected in order to take an efficient decision to ensure the safety of citizens, forecast, and slow down the spread’s rate of COVID-19. It will also facilitate countries’ interventions and optimize resources. Moreover, other solutions can be integrated into this expert system, such as the automatic vehicle and passenger sanitizing system equipped with a thermal and smart High Definition (HD) cameras and multi-purpose drones which offer many services. All of these solutions will facilitate lifting COVID-19 restrictions and minimize the impact of this pandemic. METHODS: The methods used in this expert system will assist in designing and analyzing the model based on big data and artificial intelligence (machine learning). This can enhance countries’ abilities and tools in monitoring, combating, and predicting the spread of COVID-19. RESULTS: The results obtained by this prediction process and the use of the above mentioned solutions will help monitor, predict, generate indicators, and make operational decisions to stop the spread of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This developed expert system can assist in stopping the spread of COVID-19 globally and putting the world back to work. Show more

Keywords: Expert system, big data, prediction, artificial intelligence, machine learning, spread of COVID-19, work

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203309

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 557-572, 2020

Authors: Erez, Asnat Bar-Haim | Kuhle, Stefan | McIsaac, Jessie-Lee | Weintraub, Naomi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cross-national comparisons of students’ school quality of life (QoL) can support our understanding of factors that may affect students’ health and well-being at school. OBJECTIVE: To compare Canadian and Israeli students’ perception of their school QoL. METHODS: The Quality of Life at School Questionnaire (QoLS) was administered to 1231 students in 4th to 6th grades from Canada (n  = 629) and Israel (n  = 602), measuring: Physical Environment, Positive Attitudes, Student-Teacher Relationship, and Psychosocial. RESULTS: The Canadian students scored significantly higher than the Israeli students on all domains. The two-way ANOVA did not show a …statistically significant interaction between country and gender nor age. However, within each country, girls and 4th grade students reported higher overall QoLS. CONCLUSIONS: This study lends support for the universal aspects of perceived QoL at school. This information may serve clinicians and educators in setting goals and developing programs to enhance students’ school QOL. Show more

Keywords: Elementary school, school physical environment, occupational therapy, well-being, quality of life

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203310

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 573-581, 2020

Authors: Bernburg, Monika | Groneberg, David | Mache, Stefanie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses working in hospitals can suffer from occupational stress due to high workloads and low job and/or personal resources. This can lead to work-related stress, exhaustion, health problems, and low quality of care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of work-related self-care skill training for nurses. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted with 94 nurses in hospital departments in Germany. Nurses were either assigned to the intervention group that received competence training or to a waitlist control group. The intervention took place in groups over a period of 12 weeks. …Training content included i.e. work-related stress management training, problem-solving techniques, and solution-focused counselling. The outcomes studied were changes in work-related stress, emotional exhaustion, emotion regulation, and job satisfaction. Three follow-up assessments were arranged. RESULTS: Nurses in the IG achieved a decrease in perceived job stress and emotional exhaustion as well as improvements with regard to enhanced emotion regulation skills. The intervention was evaluated with high satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed first indications that training of mental health self-care skills for junior nurses could be a supportive approach for nurses starting work in hospital departments. However, replication studies are needed to verify the results. Show more

Keywords: Competence, evaluation, health promotion, stress, workplace intervention

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203311

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 583-590, 2020

Authors: Mehrifar, Younes | Zeverdegani, Sara Karimi | Rismanchian, Masoud

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Welding pollutants have potentially dangerous effects on the health of welders. Analysis of exposure risks is an appropriate method for industrial hygiene occupational exposure. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the concentrations of exposure and risk evaluation of welders to fumes and gases in three common types of welding including Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a steel company. Samples were taken from manganese, chromium and nickel fumes with NIOSH 7300 method and for NO, NO2, …CO and O3 gases using direct reading instruments. SQRCA method was used to assess the level of exposure risk. RESULTS: Our study showed that the highest and lowest concentrations of exposure to gases were observed in MIG and GTAW welding, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest concentrations of exposure to metals were observed in SMAW and GTAW processes, respectively. Mean exposure to M, Cr and Ni metals was 2.302, 3.195, and 1.241 mg/m3 , respectively. Also, mean exposure to CO, NO, NO2 and O3 was 43.05, 27.88, 4.30, and 0.41 ppm, respectively. Results of risk analysis showed that O3, NO2 and Cr had high and very high risk levels in all welding processes. CONCLUSIONS: MIG and SMAW welders have a high occupational exposure to metal and toxic gases in welding. Preventive measures such as assessment of workplace air, installation of the ventilation systems, and providing appropriate respiratory protection devices for welders should be taken. Show more

Keywords: Risk assessment, fume, gas, steel industry, welders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203272

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 591-598, 2020

Authors: Broday, Evandro Eduardo | de Paula Xavier, Antonio Augusto

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, there has been a concern to improve the quality of indoor work environments and increase energy efficiency as people spend much of their time in such settings. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed a group of women developing sedentary activities to determine the Actual Percentage of Dissatisfied (APD) in the environment, considering that all people who voted any value other than zero on the seven-point scale are deemed dissatisfied. METHODS: After this analysis, using the probit regression model, hot and cold air temperature curves were plotted so as to determine in which …situation the number of people dissatisfied with the environment is minimal. RESULTS: The results showed an APD of 52.31%, which is different from the ADP recommended by ISO 7730 (2005) [–0.5 < PMV < + 0.5, PPD < 10% ]. The probit analysis using the cut of 10% as dissatisfied, according to category B of ISO 7730 (2005), showed a comfort temperature of 21.1°C, with a comfort temperature range from 19.61 to22.61°C. CONCLUSIONS: Using the fraction of people dissatisfied with the environment (52.31%) as the cutoff, when the air temperature is equivalent to 20.2°C, the lowest percentage dissatisfied by the cold and heat in the environment occurs simultaneously. Show more

Keywords: Thermal comfort, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), Actual Percentage of Dissatisfied (APD), thermal comfort zones

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203215

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 599-609, 2020

Authors: Hemati, Karim | Darbandi, Zahra | Kabir-Mokamelkhah, Elaheh | Poursadeghiyan, Mohsen | Ghasemi, Mohamad Sadegh | Mohseni-Ezhiye, Mohammad | Abdolahian, Yeganeh | Aghilinejad, Mashallah | Ali Salehi, Mohammad | Dehghan, Naser

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational health hazards. In the flour production industry, the fast pace of work, high frequency of repetitive movements, manual handling of loads, and awkward postures put a lot of pressure on the worker’s body. OBJECTIVE: Given the high exposure of the workers of the flour production industry to ergonomic risk factors, this study aimed to reduce the rate of musculoskeletal disorders among a group of flour factory workers through ergonomic interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This interventional study was performed using the census method on the eligible workers of …a flour factory. An ergonomic intervention program was planned and implemented with the goal of reducing musculoskeletal disorders. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by measuring the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders before and six months after the interventions. RESULTS: Before the intervention, musculoskeletal disorders were most prevalent in the lower back, arms, shoulders, legs, thighs, knees, neck and wrists, respectively. Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders after the intervention showed the positive effect of the ergonomic intervention program on musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulders, lower back, thighs, knees, and legs (P  < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Engineering and management interventions implemented in this study led to a significant reduction in the level of ergonomic risk factors and a reduced rate of musculoskeletal disorders among workers of different units in the flour factory. Show more

Keywords: Flour factory, ergonomic intervention, Nordic Questionnaire, musculoskeletal disorders

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203275

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 611-618, 2020

Authors: Sohail, Rida | Hayat, Sarah | Tariq, Jawaria | Ashraf, Danial | Karim, Meenaz | Rizvi, Beenish Elahee | Saad, Saadia | Alam, Mohammad Khursheed | Qamruddin, Irfan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances are be poorly documented by primary care physicians. OBJECTIVE: Our objective for this survey was to assess the awareness level amongst medical and dental house officers, medical and dental practitioners, and ear, nose and throat specialists (ENTs) regarding OSA and its effects on daily life. METHODS: This was a questionnaire-based survey with yes and no and true and false type questions. In order to assess knowledge, questions related to the most common signs and symptoms of OSA were selected. Questionnaires were distributed in seven medical and dental colleges in Karachi, Pakistan under graduates …and above. Stratified random sampling technique was used to assess specific professionals which made a total sample size of 614. The data of this descriptive study was compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: 84% of the participants stated their awareness about OSA. After analyzing a detailed response in the form of questionnaires, an average of only 15% showed adequate knowledge of the problem in question, the rest was unaware of the pathophysiology, signs, symptoms and management of a patient suffering from OSA. CONCLUSION: knowledge about pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea and its effect on daily routine work is insufficient among health professionals. It is essential to create awareness among medical and dental fraternity regarding OSA as it is often not diagnosed and treated. Show more

Keywords: Pathophysiology, health practitioners, work, apnea

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203312

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 619-623, 2020

Authors: Fincke, Isabelle | Hieb, Amy | Harth, Volker | Mache, Stefanie

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The changing of work, driven by digitization, leads to the demand of large, open spaces in which the employees can work alone or in teams, can hold meetings or even find corners to relax. OBJECTIVE: This study empirically analyzed job demands and resources that can be found in innovative office concepts, like so called “activity-based working concepts”. METHODS: 16 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were performed with employees working in activity-based offices. Content of the interviews included questions on their working conditions and health-related outcomes. RESULTS: The results show that work autonomy, the flexibility to …decide where and when to work, and an improved communication and collaboration between different departments had a perceived positive effect on well-being, performance and motivation. Job demands, like missing territoriality on individual and team level, limited privacy and distractions in form of noise and interruptions describe consequences in form of perceived strain. CONCLUSION: The study results contribute to the expansion of knowledge in the subject area of flexible work arrangements in open work spaces. They can serve to design future working environments and thus increase the well-being and job performance of employees. It needs additional research to investigate the effects of office designs on the health of employees in the long term. Show more

Keywords: Flexibility, health, office concept, organization, working conditions

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203313

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 625-639, 2020

Authors: Duarte, Maria Lúcia Machado | Costal, Glauber Zerbini | Martinelli, Sthéfani Ferreira | Neves, Jorge Alexandre Barbosa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Students, as well as other professional drivers, must have focus to adequately perform their tasks. However, they are subjected to whole-body vibration (WBV) in their journey to school or work. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of in-loco WBV exposure on focus, both instantaneously, as well as residually. Analysis is performed for both genders, as well as for the presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Using a tablet computer, 20 volunteers played a focus game available on an app for brain training while exposed or not exposed to WBV. The exposure was that of …a car travelling on a stone paved route. The performance measure was the score provided at the end of each game. Subjective comfort and difficulty evaluations were also investigated. RESULTS: The results suggest that WBV had a negative effect on the focus performance. However, it proved positive three minutes after the exposure (residual effect). The mean scores of females were higher than for males for most of the tests, apart from the one under WBV although at the expense of getting more discomfort. The difficulty level was not different within the gender groups. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that the group with ADHD had a small but positive influence on the results for most of the tests, indicating that they are less affected by the presence of WBV. Since many students and workers have ADHD, this may be considered an important finding. It was shown that objective results should not be the only measures to use, as the subjective evaluation may explain the results better. Show more

Keywords: Cognition, focus, gender, WBV, ADHD

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203314

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 641-654, 2020

Authors: Calvo, Daniel de Souza Costa | Ferreira, João Alberto | Cunha, Daisy Moreira | Mendes, Davidson Passos

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk management analysis at work makes it possible to find individual and collective experiences of recognition and hierarchization of risks in view of the specificities of labor situations and the complex and contradictory application of the right to refuse in health work, whose space and technique are still in a deep structural transformation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how work organization impacts on the daily life of nursing care, in a general hospital surgical center, (un)enabling individual and collective risk management strategies in the context analyzed and how the right to refuse can be appropriate as a condition and …strategy for work management. METHODS: Ergonomics (Work Ergonomic Analysis) was used to bring about the actual work activity and Ergology for epistemological deepening, whose research approach took place in a surgical center with four registered nurses. RESULTS: The results reveal that nursing work is invisible and that individual and collective strategies are used to manage the variability and constraints of the environment. The right to refuse is one of the competencies universe strategies conceived and built at work that ensure the realization of the results found. CONCLUSIONS: The right to refuse is full of meanings. Refusing does not mean “not doing”, but also to do otherwise, by other means. It is beyond health and security and can be linked to other variables such as quality, environment, social responsibility. Show more

Keywords: Right to refuse, ergonomy, ergology, occupational risks

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203315

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 655-664, 2020

Authors: Uman, Timur | Broberg, Pernilla | Tagesson, Torbjörn

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Business professionals are an important occupational group that carries responsibility for the economic welfare of organizations and of society at large. These professionals have recently been reported to be experiencing increased mental strain, which may have a significant effect on the role they play in organizations and in society. Understanding the causes of this strain is thus an important endeavour. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the antecedents of the mental health of business professionals. METHODS: Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between business professionals’ mental health and its demographic, work-related, and other …triggers. T -tests and descriptive statistics were used to explore the gender of the respondents in relation to these triggers and mental health. RESULTS: Compared with their male counterparts, female business professionals report poorer mental health; however, no gender differences were found in job satisfaction or life satisfaction. According to this study, age, overtime pay, higher salary and position as a manager have a positive relation with mental health, whereas working overtime has a negative relation with mental health. Job satisfaction and life satisfaction are important determinants of the mental health of business professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Business professionals are important to the economic welfare of their organization and of society as a whole. Our study suggests that demographic characteristics, work-related aspects and subjective dimensions of well-being have a profound effect on the mental health of business professionals. Show more

Keywords: Keyterms: Antecedents, business professionals, mental health, occupational health

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203316

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 665-669, 2020

Authors: Strecker, Cornelia | Höge, Thomas | Brenner, Mirjam | Huber, Alexandra | Hausler, Melanie | Höfer, Stefan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work demands, resources and stressors affecting health, well-being and motivation also exist in the work of university students. There is a shortage of measures for analyzing work characteristics in this setting. OBJECTIVE: This article addresses that shortage of measures and describes the development and the validation of the short Work Analysis Measure for Students (WA-S Screening ). METHODS: In study 1 (N  = 422 students in Austria) the final version of the measure was developed based on analyzing the factor structure and psychometric properties of items and scales. Study 2 (N  = 333 German-speaking students in …Germany, Austria and Switzerland) was conducted for a cross validation and analyzing the criterion validity. RESULTS: An eight-scale structure of the WA-S Screening was supported in study 1 and 2. The scales have shown to be significantly associated with burnout and work engagement in study 2. CONCLUSIONS: The examinations indicate that the WA-S Screening is a short, reliable and valid instrument to identify critical, health-promoting work characteristics in the context of studying at university. Show more

Keywords: Work characteristics, studying, university, burnout, work engagement

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203317

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 671-688, 2020

Authors: Weber, Vinicius Muller Reis | Romanzini, Marcelo | Queiroga, Marcos Roberto | Panchoni, Camila | da Costa, Julio Cesar | da Silva, Luiz Augusto | Sergio Portela, Bruno | Ronque, Enio Ricardo Vaz

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the adult population, the work environment and physical fitness levels are directly related to the onset of musculoskeletal pain, repetitive strain injuries, and decreased blood circulation. Although low levels of muscle strength and flexibility may lead to a higher prevalence of pain, specific anatomic regions are poorly addressed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and the association between strength or flexibility and pain in university staff. METHODS: The sample was composed of 110 members of staff from a university in Guarapuava-PR. Body mass and height values were obtained, from which the BMI …was calculated. The pain evaluation was performed by means of a questionnaire, analyzing the intensity, frequency, and anatomical region. The subjects were then submitted to strength (right and left hand grip, lumbar traction, lower limb traction) and flexibility tests (sit and reach test). RESULTS: The anatomical region with the highest prevalence of pain was the lumbar region (43.4%). When the association between the presence of pain and flexibility was performed, only the lumbar traction presented significant results, with the weakest group demonstrating pain (OR: 3.47 [1.27 – 9.49]). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that low levels of strength in the lumbar region are associated with the presence of painful symptomatology. Show more

Keywords: Muscle pain, work, physical fitness, health, lumbar strength

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203318

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 689-696, 2020

Authors: Sormunen, Erja | Ylisassi, Hilkka | Mäenpää-Moilanen, Eija | Remes, Jouko | Martimo, Kari-Pekka

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational health service (OHS) providers and their client organizations are obligated to collaborate in promoting health and work ability. Little is known how this multiprofessional co-operation is implemented in relation to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the working practices of co-operation among OHS professionals, and between the OHSs and workplaces. METHODS: In 2015 a web-based questionnaire was sent to 3900 OHS professionals in Finland. A total of 589 responded: 106 physicians, 322 nurses, 134 physiotherapists and 27 psychologists. RESULTS: The co-operation within OHS …personnel was regarded to strengthen the processes to promote work ability of workers with MSD. Despite the positive expectations of co-operation, there is a problem of having enough time to put good ideas into practice. Four main possibilities to develop co-operation were identified: creating proactive working models with defined roles; increasing awareness of importance of early intervention models; implementing the principles of good OH practice; and adopting the knowledge of the latest information to promote work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its recognized importance, co-operation both with OHS colleagues and with the workplaces was not always optimal. There is a need for defined roles and common proactive working models between each stakeholder for more effective co-operation. Show more

Keywords: Occupational health services, multiprofessional work, rehabilitation, work ability promotion

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203319

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 697-708, 2020

Authors: Coledam, Diogo Henrique Constantino | da Silva, Yara Machado

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The health risks that usually affect teachers are already known; however, the predictors of health related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave have not yet been fully described. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictors of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave among elementary school teachers. METHODS: This study involved a probabilistic sample of 519 Brazilian elementary school teachers. The outcomes were days of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave in the previous 12 months. Work-place and individual factors were the independent variables analyzed. RESULTS: Inadequate infrastructure of schools, disability, and medical consultations were positively associated …with all outcomes. Teachers who reported having a chronic disease, common mental disorders, and voice disorders presented higher absenteeism and presenteeism days. Musculoskeletal pain and low job support were associated with higher presenteeism and sick leave days. Teachers who performed strength and flexibility activities presented less presenteeism, those who reported physical violence at school were more frequently absent, and teachers with depersonalization presented a higher likelihood of sick leave. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave among elementary teachers should ensure adequate work conditions and prevention and monitoring of health risks. Show more

Keywords: Chronic disease, health behavior, mental health, school health, sick days

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203320

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 709-719, 2020

Authors: de Araújo, Diná Herdi Medeiros | de Carvalho, Elaine Alves | Jatoba, Alessandro | de Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues | Gomes, José Orlando

Article Type: Review Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health crises occur both regionally and globally. Online social networks are widely used technical resources that allow users to share large amounts of information with increasing reach and velocity. Thus, the capacity of spreading information about epidemics through social media allows members of a population and health professionals or agencies to collaborate. METHOD: This study presents results obtained in an integrative review, including examples of how social media enabled collaboration in health surveillance to treat the epidemies of Dengue, Zika, and H1N1. The literature review covers studies published between 2009 and 2017. RESULTS: The studies …reviewed indicate that social media interactions are tools for the rapid dissemination of information. These networks operate at low cost and allow information to reach audiences in need of information and who otherwise would not receive it. Social media allowed researchers to monitor evolving epidemics and obtain epidemiological data useful for decision-making in health surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the widespread use of social networks, there are opportunities for improvement, especially in technology for treatment. Show more

Keywords: Social media, collaboration in health, Dengue, Zika, H1N1

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203321

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 721-732, 2020

Authors: Cimarras-Otal, Cristina | Marcen-Cinca, Noel | Rabal-Pelay, Juan | Lacrcel-Tejero, Beln | Alczar-Crevilln, Andrs | Villalba-Ruete, JosAntonio | Bataller-Cervero, Ana Vanessa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise has been demonstrated as effective for the treatment of low back pain (LBP) in workers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an exercise program adapted to the characteristics of the workplace is a useful supplement to general exercise recommendations in assembly line workers with chronic LBP. METHODS: Workers were randomly assigned to intervention group-adapted exercises plus general exercise recommendations (n  = 10), and control group-general exercise recommendations (n  = 8). Both received 8-week exercise program through a mobile application (APP) to manage the intervention. Outcome was based on lumbar disability (Oswestry Disability …Index), interference and lumbar pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), and kinematic parameters. RESULTS: Significant differences were obtained for the intervention group in the “pain interference” variable, in the “mood” and “enjoyment” sub-variables, as well as in “flexion angle” variable. For the control group, significant differences occurred in the “pain intensity” variable. Adapted exercise plus general recommendations seems more effective than the general recommendations for the improvement of lumbar flexion. CONCLUSIONS: An adapted exercise program for assembly line workers with chronic LBP could be an effective treatment. Future studies with a larger sample size and with an exhaustive control of the exercise adherence are required to confirm the findings of this pilot study. Show more

Keywords: Assembly line, mobile application, occupational health, physical activity

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203322

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 733-740, 2020

Authors: Sampson, Amanda K. | Hassani-Mahmooei, Behrooz | Collie, Alex

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Migrant workers have been identified in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia as a particularly vulnerable working population with a higher risk of work-related injury and mortality compared to non-migrant workers. Lack of English language proficiency is associated with an increased risk of work-related injury. Whether lack of English proficiency influences post-injury recovery or return to work outcomes remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: Using administrative data from a population based workers’ compensation dataset in the state of Victoria, Australia, we aimed to examine work-related injury rates, worker characteristics and compensation outcomes in workers who were not proficient in English. …We hypothesized that the use of an interpreter service would be associated with a poorer post-injury recovery profile and worse return to work outcomes. METHODS: WorkSafe Victoria accepted non-fatal claims for injuries and illnesses reported between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2012 by workers aged 15 to 74 (n  = 402, 828 claims) were analysed. Consistent with prior research, we selected “use of an interpreter service” as the indicator of English language proficiency. The total and categorical compensable cost of recovery was used as recovery outcomes. RESULTS: Of these claims, 16,286 (4%) involved the use of an interpreter service (LOTE workers). Our analysis revealed that Victorian injured LOTE workers have significantly different demographic, occupational and injury characteristics compared to non-LOTE injured workers. Furthermore, we present novel evidence that LOTE status was associated with poorer long-term injury outcomes, observed as a greater healthcare utilisation and larger paid income benefits, after controlling for occupation, employment status and injury type compared to non-LOTE injured workers. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that English language proficiency is associated not only with the risk of work-related injury but also to the long-term recovery outcomes. We conclude that despite access to language interpreter services, injured LOTE workers experience English language proficiency dependent, and injury severity independent, recovery barriers which need to be overcome to improve long term recovery outcomes. Show more

Keywords: Migrant workers, OHS, compensation, recovery, English proficiency

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203323

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 741-752, 2020

Authors: Guner, Umit | Guner, Neslihan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have been performed on the relationship between working conditions and health. Numerous parameters still require further study, including working hours and obesity among different groups, specifically older workers in national, regional, and international levels. OBJECTIVE: Working hours have considerable effects on the socio-cultural, psychological, and economic aspects of people’s lives and health. While long working hours increases income level and raises living standards, it increases the risk of certain health problems. This study investigated whether working hours are associated with obesity in upper-middle-aged workers. METHODS: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in …Europe (SHARE) dataset was used for the analyses. Analyses were carried out by means of a Cox regression of the panel dataset created with the data in question, surveyed by European Commission to 12,000 participants. RESULTS: The survey was performed in Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Ireland. We found that in most countries, especially Sweden and the Netherlands, upper-middle-aged employees working > 59 hours per week are more likely to gain weight than their counterparts working < 59 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings raise awareness of obesity in older workers, and highlight the need to regulate working conditions and hours in the European Union and other countries. Show more

Keywords: Obesity, older workforce, public health, nutrition, overemployment

DOI: 10.3233/WOR-203324

Citation: Work, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 753-759, 2020