Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems - Volume 45, issue 6

Authors: Srivastava, Stuti | Bansal, Richa | Thapar, Antika

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Bandwidth consecutive multicoloring problem is also known as a b-coloring problem. Let G  = (V , E ) be a graph where V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges. Let each vertex v of V has a positive integer weight b  (v ) and each edge (v , w ) of E has a non-negative integer weight b  (v , w ). A bandwidth consecutive multicoloring of a graph is a problem of assigning b  (v ) consecutive positive integers to each vertex v of V in such …a manner that the difference between all the integers of vertex v and all the integers of vertex w is greater than b  (v , w ). The maximum integer assigned in this coloring is called the span of the coloring. The b-coloring is the problem of minimizing this span. No metaheuristic is proposed for general graphs so far for this problem till date as it is strongly NP-hard. In this paper, we proposed three heuristics for the problem including a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP). The efficiency of these algorithms is tested on benchmark graphs and their performance is compared among themselves. Experimental results showed that among all three proposed heuristics, GRASP performed well for the given problem. Show more

Keywords: Graph theory, bandwidth coloring, greedy coloring, GRASP

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-224242

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 9991-10002, 2023

Authors: Weng, Zhi | Liu, Ke | Zheng, Zhiqiang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The detection and identification of individual cattle plays an integral role in precision feeding and insurance claims, among others. Most current research is based on high-performance computing devices, which limits the application of deep learning techniques to mobile terminals. To this end, in this paper, we propose a channel-pruned YOLOv5 network-based method for cattle face detection on mobile terminals, referred to as NS-YOLO. First, the original model is sparsely trained and a sparse regularization penalty term is applied to the BN layers, then the corresponding mask values are labeled according to different weight thresholds, and the channels are pruned with …global thresholds. Second, the detection precision is recovered by fine-tuning the model. Finally, the NCNN forward inference framework is used to quantize the model and an Android-based cattle face detection application is developed. Experimental results show that the model size, number of parameters and FLOPs are reduced by 86.10%, 88.19% and 63.25%, respectively, and the inference time is reduced by 35.53% compared to the original model, while mAP0.5 is reduced by only 1.6%. In particular, the 16-bit quantized model reduces the model size by 93.97% and the inference time by 34.97% compared to the original model on the mobile side. The results show that the proposed method can be easily deployed in resource-constrained mobile devices and has great advantages in practical engineering applications. Show more

Keywords: Cattle face detection, channel pruning, YOLOv5, model quantization, mobile deployment

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232213

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10003-10020, 2023

Authors: Tang, Bin | Xie, Kai | Tao, Wenbin | Liu, Zhenyu | Zhu, Chuanqi | Zhao, Neng | Wang, Yiyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to improve bearing capacity of rockbolts in deep-buried coal mine roadways, orthogonal tests were conducted to study influencing factors of rockbolt anchoring effect. Wavelet neural network model was introduced to predict the pull-out force of rockbolt. The activation and output functions of the wavelet neural network were improved, and the scaling and translation parameters were also modified by using the gradient descent method. These improvements enhanced the approximation rate of the wavelet neural network model, and solve the problem that the wavelet transform method is monotonous and difficult to adapt to the complex and variable engineering conditions. Research …results illustrated that The value of the ultimate pull-out force is positively correlated with the strength of the specimen and pre-tension value of the specimen. According to the test results, the coal mine roadway support scheme was optimized, and the high prestress full-length anchoring rockbolt support technology was proposed. The effectiveness of research was verified through the engineering applications and in-situ monitoring results. Show more

Keywords: Rockbolt, improved Wavelet Neural Network, high prestress, pull-out test, field performance

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232435

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10021-10032, 2023

Authors: Li, Jing | Li, Chengyu | Meng, Lusha

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Global warming caused by excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has become a hot topic globally in today’s society, and optimizing carbon emission performance (CEP) is an effective way to alleviate CO2 emissions. Many studies have explored CEP at the global, national, provincial and sector levels. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining energy consumption data, there is a lack of studies at the urban agglomeration and city levels. Taking the urban agglomeration dimension as the starting point, this paper constructs an improved epsilon-based measure (EBM) model to measure the CEP of the Yellow River Basin. A spatial …data analysis model was introduced to explore the regional spatial characteristics of CEP. The newly developed spatial statistical model was used to study the driving factors of CEP. The results showed that: (1) The overall CEP of the Yellow River Basin was relatively high, showing an upward trend of volatility. There were significant differences between the seven urban agglomerations and 69 cities. (2) The CEP of the Yellow River Basin showed a trend of spatial agglomeration. The urban agglomerations of the eastern region showed a low-value agglomeration phenomenon, and the urban agglomerations of the central and western regions showed a trend of high-value agglomeration. (3) Economic development level (PGGDP), technological progress (TP), industrialization level (IND) and human capital (HC) can play a positive role in promoting the improvement in CEP, and population structure (PD) and energy structure (ES) can play a negative role in promoting the improvement in CEP. Industrial agglomeration (IA) and CEP show a “U"-shaped relationship that first inhibits and then promotes. In addition, foreign direct investment (FDI), IND, and HC have significant spatial spillover effects on neighboring cities. Show more

Keywords: Yellow River Basin, urban agglomeration, carbon emission performance, spatial Durbin model, spatial agglomeration

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233246

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10033-10052, 2023

Authors: Shu, Mingming | Liu, Xiaoyu | Zhou, Hongming

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to better realize the effective display of painting art, this paper puts forward an interactive modeling method of structural sense of painting art communication from the perspective of media integration. From the perspective of comprehensive media, the painting art is spread and displayed, and the interactive evaluation index of painting art communication structure sense is constructed, and the interactive behavior evaluation model of painting art communication structure sense is constructed to realize the interactive modeling of communication structure sense. The experimental results show that from the perspective of integrating media, the somatosensory interaction mode of the communication structure …of painting art is highly practical in the practical application process, which meets the research requirements and can realize the effective display of painting art in a modified way. Show more

Keywords: Integrated media perspective, painting art, somatosensory interaction

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234284

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10053-10062, 2023

Authors: Zhang, Hu | Bai, Ping | Li, Ru

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Short text classification task is a special kind of text classification task in that the text to be classified is generally short, typically generating a sparse text representation that lacks rich semantic information. Given this shortcoming, scholars worldwide have explored improved short text classification methods based on deep learning. However, existing methods cannot effectively use concept knowledge and long-distance word dependencies. Therefore, based on graph neural networks from the perspective of text composition, we propose concept and dependencies enhanced graph convolutional networks for short text classification. First, the co-occurrence relationship between words is obtained by sliding window, the inclusion relationship …between documents and words is obtained by TF-IDF, long-distance word dependencies is obtained by Stanford CoreNLP, and the association relationship between concepts in the concept graph with entities in the text is obtained through Microsoft Concept Graph. Then, a text graph is constructed for an entire text corpus based on the four relationships. Finally, the text graph is input into graph convolutional neural networks, and the category of each document node is predicted after two layers of convolution. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method overall best on multiple classical English text classification datasets. Show more

Keywords: Short text classification, Knowledge graph, Graph convolutional neural networks, Long-distance dependency, Building graph for text

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-222407

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10063-10075, 2023

Authors: Guo, Peng | Wang, Xiaonan | Zhang, Duo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Punishment promotes cooperation among selfish agents. Unlike previous studies, we propose a new supervision (heterogeneous preference supervision, HPS) mechanism based on the original random supervision (ORS) mechanism considering regulators’ limited supervision ability and agents’ heterogeneous preferences. The concepts of exemption list capacity, observation period, and removal time are introduced as the variables under the HPS mechanism. A public goods game model is built to verify the supervision effects under the ORS and HPS mechanisms. The simulation results show that the HPS mechanism can promote cooperation more than the ORS mechanism. Increasing the exemption list capacity can make regulators pay more …attention to defectors and improve the cooperation level. Setting a relatively moderate observation period benefits a better supervision effect, while a too-small or too-large observation period leads to the collapse of cooperation. Shortening the removal time can increase the updating speed of the exemption list and enhance the role of the exemption list, resulting in improving the fraction of cooperators. Show more

Keywords: Public goods game, supervision mechanism, supervision ability, heterogeneous preference, exemption list

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-230775

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10077-10088, 2023

Authors: Bharathi, J. | Nandhini, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper explores the behaviour of a Bulk Arrival Retrial Queue Model (BARQ) with two phases of service under the Bernoulli Vacation schedule and Breakdown (BVSB). Each batch of customers arriving the system finds if the server is available, instantly utilizes the service. If the server is busy, under breakdown, or taking a vacation, then the customers enter into the orbit. After completing both service stages, the server will either take a vacation with probability p or wait until the next customer arrives with probability 1 - p or q . Our approach considers the nature of the customer as …balking and also takes into account the breakdown of server, which may occur instantaneously during any stage of service. Significant performance measures have been derived and presented. A numerical study of the proposed model is carried out using MATLAB and results were reported. Show more

Keywords: Retrial Queues, two types of service, Bernoulli Vacation, steady-state, Fortuitous Breakdown, impatient customers

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231195

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10089-10098, 2023

Authors: Thilagavathy, A. | Mohanaselvi, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Consolidating cubical fuzzy numbers (CFNs) is essential in an uncertain decision-making process. This study focuses on creating innovative cubical fuzzy aggregation operators based on the newly proposed Einstein operational laws, utilizing the Bonferroni mean function to capture the interrelationships among the aggregated CFNs. The first contribution of this paper is introducing a novel cubical fuzzy Einstein Bonferroni mean averaging operator. Building upon this operator, we extend our research to develop cubical fuzzy Einstein Bonferroni mean weighted, ordered weighted, and hybrid averaging operators, taking into account the weights of the aggregated CFNs. To ensure their effectiveness, we thoroughly investigate the desirable …properties of these proposed operators. Furthermore, we leverage the introduced operators to establish a new approach known as the cubical fuzzy linear assignment method, which proves valuable in resolving multiple criteria group decision-making problems. As a practical demonstration of the method’s utility, we apply it to address a real-life challenge: identifying the optimal location for constructing a wind power plant under a cubical fuzzy environment. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we compare its results with those obtained using existing methods from the literature. Additionally, we conduct a statistical analysis to visualize the correlative conjunction between the ranking outcomes obtained by different operators Show more

Keywords: Cubical fuzzy set, Einstein operational laws, Bonferroni mean, averaging aggregation operators, linear assignment method, wind power plant location selection

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232252

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10099-10125, 2023

Authors: Guo, Yijian | Sun, Kaiqiong | Luo, Gang | Wang, Meng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Leaf segmentation is crucial for plant recognition, especially for tree species identification. In natural environments, leaf segmentation can be very challenging due to the lack of prior information about leaves and the variability of backgrounds. In typical applications, supervised algorithms often require pixel-level annotation of regions, which can be labour-intensive and limited to identifying plant species using pre-labelled samples. On the other hand, traditional unsupervised image segmentation algorithms require specialised parameter tuning for leaf images to achieve optimal results. Therefore, this paper proposes an unsupervised leaf segmentation method that combines mutual information with neural networks to better generalise to unknown …samples and adapt to variations in leaf shape and appearance to distinguish and identify different tree species. First, a model combining a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and a segmentation network is used as a pre-segmenter to obtain dynamic masks. Secondly, the dynamic masks are combined with the segmentation masks generated by the mask generator module to construct the initial mask. Then, the patcher module uses the Mutual Information Minimum (MIM) loss as an optimisation objective to reconstruct independent regions based on this initial mask. The process of obtaining dynamic masks through pre-segmentation is unsupervised, and the entire experimental process does not involve any label information. The experimental method was performed on tree leaf images with a naturally complex background using the publicly available Pl@ntLeaves dataset. The results of the experiment showed that compared to existing excellent methods on this dataset, the IoU (Intersection over Union) index increased by 3.9%. Show more

Keywords: Leaf extraction, deep learning, unsupervised image segmentation, mutual information, VAE

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232696

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10127-10139, 2023

Authors: Umamageswari, A. | Deepa, S. | Bhagyalakshmi, A. | Sangari, A. | Raja, K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To assess non-verbal reactions to commodities, services, or products, sentiment analysis is the technique of identifying exhibited human emotions utilizing artificial intelligence-based technology. The facial muscles flex and contract differently in response to each facial expression that a person makes, which facilitates the deep learning AI algorithms’ ability to identify an emotion. Facial emotion analysis has numerous applications across various industries and domains, leveraging the understanding of human emotions conveyed through facial expressions, so it is very much required in healthcare, security and survelliance, Forensics, Autism and cultural studies etc,.. In this study, facially expressed sentiments in real-time photographs as …well as in an existing dataset are classified using object detection techniques based on deep learning. Fast Region-based Convolution Neural Network (R-CNN) is an object detection system that uses suggested areas to categorize facial expressions of emotion in real-time. Using a high-quality video collection made up of 24 actors who were photographed facially expressing eight distinct emotions (Happy, Sad, Disgust, Anger, Surprise, Fear, Contempt and Neutral). The Fast R-CNN and Mouth region-based feature extraction and Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) method used for classification and feature extraction respectively. In order to assess the deep network’s performance, the proposed work builds a confusion matrix. The network generalizes to new images rather well, as seen by the average recognition rate of 97.6% for eight emotions. The suggested deep network approach may deliver superior recognition performance when compared to CNN and SVM methods, and it can be applied to a variety of applications including online classrooms, video game testing, healthcare sectors, and automated industry. Show more

Keywords: Deep learning, R-CNN, emotion recognition, facial expression, computer vision

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233842

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10141-10155, 2023

Authors: Liu, Jun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Composite cylindrical shells play a crucial role in aerospace and marine structures. This study investigates the optimal structure for cylindrical multilayer composite shells under the effect of axial pressure using the finite element method and NSGA-II genetic algorithm to determine the maximum buckling load capacity. The critical buckling load of multilayer composite shells depends on various parameters, such as fiber angle, the number of layers, the material of the layers, and their thickness. The objective functions are used to increase the structure load capacity and reduce its weight. ABAQUS software was used to perform finite element analysis on the composite …cylindrical shell for determining the buckling load. Using the response surface model, the relationship between variables and objective functions has been determined. Results of the proposed response surface model for the training stages are evaluated using various statistical indices and the root mean square error for buckling load and shell weight variables is 0.065 and 0.140, respectively. In the next step, the NSGA-II genetic optimization algorithm was used to modify the layout and thickness of the composite layers to optimize the buckling strength and weight of the structure. A genetic algorithm based on NSGA-II was used to optimize the geometric characteristics. Show more

Keywords: Multi-objective optimization, NSGA-II, buckling load, genetic algorithm, cylindrical shell

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-230826

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10157-10165, 2023

Authors: Sun, Tiantian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: A scientific financial transfer payment system is an important guarantee for promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The new development concept puts forward new requirements for fiscal governance at a new historical stage. The reform and improvement of the special transfer payment system match the responsibility and responsibility of fiscal governance, and better serve the national strategic pattern of rural revitalization and common prosperity. The performance evaluation of financial special poverty alleviation (SPA) development funds is conducive to improving the efficiency of fund utilization, achieving the radiation effect and multiple effect of financial SPA development …funds, improving the ability of financial transfer payments, and enhancing the modernization of national financial governance capabilities. The performance evaluation of financial SPA development funds under the background of rural revitalization is a multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM). Based on the existing MABAC model, the MABAC model is extended to 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (2TLPFSs). Firstly, the definitions of 2TLPFSs, 2TLPFWA operator and 2TLPFWG operator is introduced. Then, the existing MABAC method is also introduced. The 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy number MABAC method (2TLPFN-MABAC) is constructed to cope with the MAGDM under 2TLPFSs. Finally, a case study for performance evaluation of financial SPA development funds under the background of rural revitalization is constructed and some comparative analyses is employed to verify the 2TLPFN-MABAC method. Show more

Keywords: Multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM), MABAC method, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (2TLPFNs), Financial SPA development funds

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232168

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10167-10181, 2023

Authors: Sun, Yin-Kun | Hua, Jun | Li, Yan-Na | Chen, Guang-Wei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, automatic control systems have been applied in more and more fields. At the same time, the requirements for the stability, accuracy, response speed, and self-regulation ability of the system are also increasing. In the wood processing industry, the heating system of factories is an important link to ensure normal production. Therefore, in order to further improve the production efficiency of the wood processing industry and enhance the stability and controllability of the heating system in wood processing production, this article takes into account the delay and coupling effects in the rapid heating …process, and combines fuzzy control with temperature control to study and establish a woodworking thermal mechanical coupling model based on fuzzy control algorithm. The results show that compared with traditional PID control, fuzzy control has advantages such as short response time, small overshoot, high steady-state accuracy, fast steady-state recovery, and good dynamic and static performance. Under the condition of rapid heating, the existence of delay effect weakens the effect of Thermal shock, while the coupling effect not only affects the propagation of thermoelastic waves in the elastic body, but also weakens the weakening effect of delay effect on Thermal shock to a certain extent. Show more

Keywords: Woodworking, fuzzy control, thermal-mechanical coupling, thermodynamic coupling, delay effect

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232242

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10183-10192, 2023

Authors: Sritha, P. | Valarmathi, R.S. | Poongodi, C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: One of the best methods for assessing a baby’s health is foetal electrocardiography (FECG). Previously restricted to more widespread global disorders such as common ischemia, it is new way to investigating foetal heart rate irregularities. Current prenatal monitoring practices ignore critical FECG waveform elements that are the foundation of both pediatric, adult cardiac assessment, and instead of focusing solely on the foetal heart rate. In this paper we proposed Double Multiply-and-Accumulate (MAC) approach used for package operators into a single DSP block of commercial FPGAs, theoretically doubling the calculation speed for FECG monitoring. For a variety of technical reasons, they …were using the Space-Time Block Code (STBC) monitoring mode of operation. To strengthen the security of FECG monitoring, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) method may be used with the double MAC operators using STBC based FECG monitoring that has been developed. The solution was then assessed using state-of-the-art the Space-Time Block Code (STBC) based FECG techniques, and its validity was confirmed using Verilog simulation and FPGA synthesis. The calculation throughput of an STBC-based FECG monitoring system was found to be doubled using the Double MAC approach. Our implementation result demonstrates that keys are necessary for 128-bit AES encoding and decoding operations via VHDL-coded transformations. It is now more vital than ever to do a feasibility analysis of any hardware design due to the increase in the number of ways presented for minimizing noise. The efficiency increased (92%), and the delay was decreased to 19.35 ns by employing this double MAC architecture. The simulation results demonstrate that transformations for coding on an FPGA are implemented using the Xilinx VIVADO tool. Show more

Keywords: FECG monitoring, Double MAC, STBC based FECG, Verilog, AES, Xilinx

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234164

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10193-10211, 2023

Authors: Wang, Hui

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In Visual Communication Design (VCD), noise data is easy to appear, which reduces image quality and affects the effect of VCD. The non local mean image denoising algorithm is a good filtering denoising algorithm, but there are still issues of information interference and missing. To improve the performance of noise recognition and image denoising technology, this study proposes a non local mean image denoising algorithm based on machine learning technology. The whale optimization algorithm, as a machine learning technique, has good performance in seeking optimal solutions. Therefore, it is applied to optimize the filtering parameters of non local mean image …denoising algorithms to improve the perforGAmance of non local mean image denoising algorithms. To address the shortcomings of the whale optimization algorithm, BP neural network is introduced for optimization. Finally, the experiment uses the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the BPNN and applies it to the recognition and classification of noise data. Combining the above contents, the IBINLM image denoising algorithm is constructed experimentally. It is verified that the IPSO-BPNN model’s loss value is 0.12; The recognition accuracy of the model for noise pixels is 98.64%; F1 value reaches 96.32%; The fitting degree reaches 0.983. The PSNR of IBINLM algorithm is 35.86 dB; MSE is 0.29; AUC value reaches 0.903. The results show that the IPSO-BPNN model and IBINLM image denoising algorithm have better performance compared to other models, which can improve the quality of visual communication works, playing an essential role in image transmission and storage in visual communication design. Show more

Keywords: Machine learning, non-local mean, image denoising, whale optimization algorithm, visual communication design

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234632

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10213-10225, 2023

Authors: Guo, Ying | Peng, Jinzhu | Ding, Shuai | Liang, Jing | Wang, Yaonan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this paper, a variable impedance control method is proposed for uncertain robotic systems based on a nonlinear force contact-based flexible environmental model. First, a nonlinear force contact model between the rigid manipulator and flexible environment is applied to the compliant control of the manipulator, which can avoid excessive force overshoot that usually exists in the traditional spring-damping environmental model. Then, to achieve better force/position tracking performances, a fuzzy-based adaptive variable impedance controller is designed based on the force contact-based flexible environmental model, where the impedance parameters are adjusted online through the force and position feedback of the robotic system, …and the fuzzy logic system is used to compensate the uncertainties. Moreover, the stability of the adaptive variable impedance control scheme is proved by the Routh stability criterion, and the boundness of all the signals in the closed-loop control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation of a two-link manipulator, and the results demonstrate that the performances of position tracking are improved, while the force overshoot and oscillation time are reduced. Show more

Keywords: Variable impedance control, flexible environment, fuzzy logic system, force contact model, robotic system

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-224250

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10227-10241, 2023

Authors: Kayyidavazhiyil, Abhilash

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Prediction of malicious attacks and monitoring of network behaviour is significant for providing security and mitigating the loss of credential information. In order to monitor network traffic and identify different types of attacks in the network, numerous existing algorithms have been provided for classifying unauthorized access from the authorized access. However, the traditional techniques have faced complications in satisfying the accuracy while making predictions of malicious activities. Detection accuracy have been addressed as a drawback which hinders in making appropriate identification of threats. In order to overcome such challenges, the proposed work is designed with effective IDS mechanism for detecting …and classifying the attacks taken from the UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD dataset. IDS (Intrusion Detection System) implementation is accomplished with three stages such as pre-processing is the initial phase in which scaling re-sizing of all images to similar width and height. Process of checking missing values reduces the computational complexities and enhances accuracy. Second stage is the novel feature-selection process accomplished by E-GSS (Enhanced Genetic Sine Swarm Intelligence) for selecting significant and optimal features. Finally, classification is the final phase in which intrusion is classified using novel DMH-ANN (Deep Meta-Heuristics Artificial Neural Network) which is internally being compared to three classifiers such as RF (Random Forest), NB (Naïve Bayes) and XG-Boost (Extreme Gradient). Experimental evaluation is carried out with the performance metrics such as accuracy, precision and recall and compared with existing algorithms for exhibiting the effectiveness of the proposed model. The research outcome reveals its efficiency in detecting and classifying attacks with greater accuracy. Show more

Keywords: Intrusion detection, UNSW-NB15 dataset, NSL-KDD, Genetic Sine Swarm, Metaheuristic ANN, Naïve Bayes, XG-Boost, random forest

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-224283

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10243-10265, 2023

Authors: Vaishnavi, D. | Balaji, G.N.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Due to the drastic increase in the generation of high-quality fake images in social networking, it is essential to design effective recognition approaches. Image/video manipulation defines any set of actions which can be carried out on digital content by the use of software editing approaches or artificial intelligence. A major kind of image and video editing comprises replicating the regions of the image, named as copy-move technique. Conventional image processing methods physically search for the pattern relevant to the replicated contents, restricting the utilization in massive classification of data. Contrastingly, the recently developed deep learning (DL) models have exhibited promising …performance over the traditional models. In this aspect, this paper presents a novel intelligent deep learning based copy move image forgery detection (IDL-CMIFD) technique. The proposed IDL-CMIFD technique intends to design a DL model to classify the candidate images into two classes: original and forged/tampered and then localized the copy moved regions. In addition, the proposed IDL-CMIFD technique involves the Adam optimizer with Efficient Net based feature extractor to derive a useful set of feature vectors. Moreover, chaotic monarch butterfly optimization (CMBO) with deep wavelet neural network (DWNN) model is applied for classification purposes. The CMBO algorithm is utilized to optimally tune the parameters involved in the DWNN model in such a way that the classification performance gets improved. The performance validation of the proposed model takes place on benchmark MICC-F220, MICC-F2000, MICC-F600 datasets. A wide range of comparative analyses is performed and the results ensured the better performance of the IDL-CMIFD technique in terms of different evaluation parameters. Show more

Keywords: Copy Move technique, image forgery, deep learning, hyperparameter tuning, metaheuristics

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-230291

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10267-10280, 2023

Authors: Sri Geetha, M. | Grace Selvarani, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Breast cancer is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of women every year. The manual identification of breast cancer has more difficulties, and have the possibility of error. Many imaging approaches are being researched for their potential to identify breast cancer (BC). Incorrect identification might sometimes result in unneeded therapy and diagnosis. Because of this, accurate identification of breast cancer may save a great number of patients from needing unneeded surgery and biopsies. Deep learning’s (DL) performance in the processing of medical images has substantially increased as a result of recent breakthroughs in the sector. Because of their improved capacity …to anticipate outcomes, deep learning algorithms are able to reliably detect BC from ultrasound pictures. Transfer learning is a kind of machine learning that reuses knowledge representations from public models that were built with the use of large-scale datasets. Transfer learning has been shown to often result in overfitting. The primary purpose of this research is to develop and provide suggestions for a deep learning model that is effective and reliable in the detection and classification of breast cancer. A tissue biopsy is obtained from the suspicious region in order to ascertain the nature of a breast tumor and whether or not it is cancerous. Tumors may take any of these forms. When the images have been reconstructed with the help of a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE), a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used. This will be the case because it opens up a new area of the field to be investigated. The histological subtypes of breast cancer are used in conjunction with the degree of differentiation to execute the task of breast cancer categorization. Show more

Keywords: Medical image classification, disease detection, deep learning, breast cancer, convolutional neural network (CNN), variationalautoencoder, histopathology image

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231345

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10281-10294, 2023

Authors: Gao, Caiwen | Zhang, Zhiqiang | Liu, Baoliang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This paper extends the traditional multifactor population model from a probabilistic background to an uncertain background, allowing us to better account for the fact that the birth and death rates are sometimes affected by different, independent uncertain noises. The theory of multifactor uncertain differential equation is applied to analyze the novel model. First, a multifactor uncertain population model is developed and the solution of the model is obtained. Secondly, the stability in measure and stability in distribution of the multifactor uncertain population model are studied respectively, and the relationship between the two kinds of stability is further discussed. Then, a …method of moment estimation based on residuals is proposed for the unknown parameters in the multifactor uncertain population model. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the validity and rationality of the parameter estimation method. Show more

Keywords: Parameter estimation, residual, multifactor differential equation, stability

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232020

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10295-10303, 2023

Authors: Mu, Yongan | Liu, Wei | Lu, Tao | Li, Juan | Gao, Sheng | Wang, Zihao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The self-adaptive multi-agent system requires adaptive adjustments based on the dynamic environment during its runtime. Heterogeneous agent can accomplish different task goals, enhance the efficiency of system operation, but its complex collaboration problem poses new challenges to the study of verification of adaptive policies for heterogeneous multi-agents. This paper proposes a runtime verification method for self-adaptive multi-agent systems using probabilistic timed automata. The method constructs a probabilistic timed automaton model by formally describing the functional characteristics of heterogeneous agents and integrating random factors in the environment to simulate the operation process of the self-adaptive multi-agent system. Regarding the collaboration logic …among heterogeneous agents, security constraints are established to ensure the security of state transition processes during system operation. Combining model checking with runtime quantitative verification methods to conduct experiment and applying it in the case of an intelligent unmanned parking system. Experimental results manifest the correctness of the cooperation logic between agents can effectively ensure the stability of the system at runtime. Significant improvement in system uptime and efficiency compared to the initial system without runtime quantitative validation. Show more

Keywords: Self-adaptive system, heterogeneous multi-agent, probabilistic timed automata, agent cooperation logic, runtime quantitative verification

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232397

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10305-10322, 2023

Authors: Xu, Zan | Lu, TongWei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Some anomaly detection methods are based on CNN to fuse spatial and channel-wise information together within local receptive fields. However, the correlation between feature channels has not been fully utilized. Channel attention has been shown to model the interdependence between convolution feature channels and improve network representation. It is possible to introduce channel attention into anomaly detection. We attempt to directly embed the SE(Squeeze and Excitation) module into the convolutional layer but reduced anomaly detection performance. Therefore, we propose a lightweight channel attention module C-SE(Current Squeeze and Excitation) suitable for anomaly detection. C-SE module not only improves the representation ability …of depth convolutional neural network but also has a significant effect on texture anomaly detection. C-SE module body is constructed by average pooling and maximum pooling branches, which ensure that local salient features of the image are not lost. Then reduce the negative impact of feature calibration through a long connection. In addition, the improvement of classifier plays an important role. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method outperforms the Patch SVDD methods by 3% in image-level AUROC and 0.7% in pixel-level AUROC on the MVTec benchmark. The higher AUROC score and the faster rate of convergence prove the effectiveness of the method. Show more

Keywords: Anomaly detection, channel attention, feature calibration, texture, MVTec

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232677

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10323-10334, 2023

Authors: Manivannan, K. | Sathiamoorthy, S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the last decades, Tuberculosis (TB) can be considered a serious illness affecting people over the globe and it leads to mortality when left untreated. Chest X-Ray (CXR) is the topmost selection for the recognition of pulmonary diseases in hospitals since it can be cost-efficient and easily available in many nations. But, manual CXR image screening is a huge load for radiologists, which results in a maximum inter-observer discrepancy rate. At present, Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) is a powerful imaging equipment for detecting and screening dangerous ailments. In recent times, Deep Learning (DL) based CAD schemes have demonstrated positive outcomes in …the recognition of TB diseases. This study introduces an Egret Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Deep Feature Fusion based Tuberculosis Classification (ESOA-DFFTC) technique on CXR Images. The presented ESOA-DFFTC technique utilizes feature fusion and tuning processes for the classification of TB. To accomplish this, the ESOA-DFFTC model first exploits the Gaussian Filtering (GF) approach for image denoising purposes. Next, the ESOA-DFFTC model performs a feature fusion process using three DL models namely ResNeXt-50, MobileNetv2, and Xception. To enhance the achievement of the DL models, the ESOA-based hyperparameter optimizer is implemented in the study. For TB classification, the ESOA-DFFTC methodology uses an Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) with Weight-Dropped Long Short-Term Memory (WDLSTM) methodology. The investigational output of the ESOA-DFFTC system was examined on a benchmark medical imaging dataset. A wide comparative investigation stated the greater achievement of the ESOA-DFFTC system over other current algorithms. Show more

Keywords: Computer-aided diagnosis, machine learning, Tuberculosis, chest X-Ray images, feature fusion, Metaheuristics

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233975

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10335-10347, 2023

Authors: Fang, Yuhua | Xie, Zhijun | Chen, Kewei | Huang, Guangyan | Zarei, Roozbeh | Xie, Yuntao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Traditional Simultaneous Localization and Mapping application in dynamic situations is constrained by static assumptions. However, the majority of well-known dynamic SLAM systems use deep learning to identify dynamic objects, which creates the issue of trade-offs between accuracy and real-time. To tackle this issue, this work suggests a unique dynamic semantics method(DYS-SLAM) for semantic simultaneous localization and mapping that strikes a trade-off between high accuracy and high real-time performance. We propose M-LK, an enhanced Lucas-Kanade(LK) optical flow method. This technique keeps the continuous motion and greyscale consistency assumptions from the original method while switching out the spatial consistency assumption for a …motion consistency assumption, reducing sensitivity to image gradients to identify dynamic feature points and regions efficiently. In order to increase segmentation accuracy while maintaining real-time performance, we develop a segmentation refinement scheme that projects 3D point cloud segmentation results into 2D object detection zones. A dense semantic octree graph is built in the interim to expedite the high-level process. Compared to the four equivalent dynamic SLAM approaches, experiments on the publicly available TUM RGB-D dataset demonstrate that the DYS-SLAM method offers competitive localization accuracy and satisfactory real-time performance in both high and low-dynamic scenarios. Show more

Keywords: Visual SLAM, object detection, dynamic environment, deep learning for visual perception

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234235

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10349-10367, 2023

Authors: Mao, Yaxin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The process of attempting to estimate the future prices of particular stocks by utilizing historical data and various analytical tools, including deep learning algorithms, is called stock price prediction. Insurance providers’ overall approach and decisions to manage their risks, enhance their profitability, and give value to their policyholders are referred to as the insurance strategy. It requires various things to be considered, including underwriting procedures, pricing strategies, product creation, risk analysis, claims administration, and investment choices. This study proposed optimizing an insurance strategy and predicting securities prices using a deep learning algorithm. Initially, the real stock data sources for Microsoft …Corporation (MSFT) were gathered from Ping An Insurance Company of China (PAICC) and the Shanghai-based National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ). Normalization is the procedure used to preprocess data for the raw data. We suggest an Enhanced dragonfly-optimized deep neural network (EDODNN) with stock price forecasting and insurance. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the current methodology and achieves accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, R 2 , and RMSE. To display the effectiveness of the suggested system, its performance is compared to more established methods to obtain the highest level of efficiency for the research. Show more

Keywords: Deep learning, stock price prediction, insurance strategy, microsoft corporation (MSFT), enhanced dragonfly optimized deep neural network (EDODNN)

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234292

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10369-10379, 2023

Authors: Yuan, Jinhai | Li, Sisi | Fan, Xin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Educators across different fields disseminate their knowledge and utilize digital technologies to improve student skills for their careers and sustainability. Students’ skills that are improved are verified based on assessment and knowledge application over different circumstances. The article investigates the impact of the effective educator’s knowledge assessment and their role in student skill development. The motivation for the research arises from the realization that teachers’ knowledge and their capacity for transferring skills and information to students successfully play a significant role in the quality of education. The goal of the study is to develop a GA2M that has been verified …and can be used by educators to improve their performance, enhance student’s results, and eventually progress educational practices to use Fuzzy methods for reasoning and to include new rules for improving knowledge to bridge the knowledge gap between educators and students’ skill growth. It requires a great effect by the educator to enhance their ability over successive performance improvement. This article analyzes the ability for better improvement using the proposed Guided Ability Assessment Model (GA2M). The proposed model discards the negative impact of the ability on students’ skill deterioration. Besides, the ratio of skill improvement across various new abilities and exposures is analyzed using Fuzzy inference. This analysis frames the interference using knowledge rules required for different circumstances. These rules are framed using existing skill implications and problem-solving ability. This proposed model proposes new rules for development of various abilities of educators. Based on their current ability, further training process for the educator’s skill development is prescribed. Therefore, the inference for fuzzification is performed for the positive impact on students’ skill development. If the inference succeeds, the assessment is leveraged between skill guidance and ability. Show more

Keywords: Digital assessment, educator ability, fuzzy model, student skill

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231074

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10381-10395, 2023

Authors: Luo, Zhi-Yong | Chen, Ya-Nan | Liu, Xin-Tong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In cloud computing, optimizing task scheduling is crucial for improving overall system performance and resource utilization. To minimize cloud service costs and prevent resource wastage, advanced techniques must be employed to efficiently allocate cloud resources for executing tasks. This research presents a novel multi-objective task scheduling method, BSSA, which combines the Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm (BSA) and the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA). BSA enhances SSA’s convergence accuracy and global optimization ability in later iterations, improving task scheduling results. The proposed BSSA is evaluated and compared against traditional SSA and other algorithms using a set of 8 benchmark test functions. Moreover, …BSSA is tested for task scheduling in cloud environments and compared with various metaheuristic scheduling algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed BSSA, validating its effectiveness and efficiency in cloud task scheduling. Show more

Keywords: Cloud computing, task scheduling, multi-objective optimization, sparrow search algorithm

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232527

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10397-10409, 2023

Authors: Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq | Almazrooei, Abdullah Eqal | Yanhong, Li | Ibrar, Muhammad | Nazif, Fatima | Latif, Abdul

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Disaster Management Program plays a critical role in coordinating and implementing strategies to address emergencies and disasters, ranging from natural events like hurricanes, earthquakes, and wildfire to human-made incidents such as industrial accidents or terrorist attacks. Simultaneously, it is widely studied as a typical multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. This paper investigates the concept of complex picture fuzzy sets (CPFS), an extension of picture fuzzy sets (PFS), achieved by the inclusion of a phase term. The existence of phase terms expand the scope of CPFS from real line to a complex plane of unit disc and highlight its originality by demonstrating …its capacity to handle both vagueness and periodicity simultaneously. In this paper, the complex picture fuzzy Hamy mean operator (CPFHM) and complex picture fuzzy dual Hamy mean operator (CPFDHM) is studied. The reason of selecting complex picture fuzzy Hamy mean operator (CPFHMO) is that it can find interrelationship among multi-input variables. Then the various properties of CPFHM and CPFDHM operator are described in depth. A multi-attributes group decision-making (MAGDM) technique for solving group decision-making problems is proposed based on these operators. The validity of the present technique is demonstrated by analyzing a disaster management problem. Furthermore we check the sensitivity of parameter k and apply the validity test on our proposed technique. Finally, a comprehensive comparison is provided between the proposed model and specific existing approaches, illustrating that the suggested decision model is superior and more advantageous than the existing employed methodologies. Show more

Keywords: Picture fuzzy set, complex picture fuzzy set, Hamy mean operator, multi-attribute group decision making, evaluation the disaster management program

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232529

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10411-10436, 2023

Authors: Feng, Qingyuan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: China’s education has entered the era of quality, and in order for higher vocational colleges to develop better, effective measures must be taken to improve the quality of education. Facing the continuous innovation of education in higher vocational colleges, it is necessary to strengthen institutional construction and constrain educational management with institutional constraints, which is the key to ensuring the education quality. The higher vocational education quality evaluation in the new era is regarded as multiple attribute decision-making (MADM). Recently, the EDAS and CRITIC model has been employed to solve MAGDM. The triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs) are constructed as …an efficient tool for portraying the uncertain information during the higher vocational education quality evaluation in the new era. In this paper, the triangular fuzzy neutrosophic number EDAS (TFNN-EDAS) model based on the Hamming distance and Euclid distance is constructed to solve the MADM under TFNSs. The CRITIC method is utilized to obtain the weight information based on the Hamming distance and Euclid distance under INNSs. Finally, a numerical example of higher vocational education quality evaluation in the new era is constructed and some efficient comparisons are founded to verify the TFNN-EDAS method. Show more

Keywords: Multiple attribute decision making (MADM), triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs), EDAS method, higher vocational education quality evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234044

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10437-10450, 2023

Authors: Tan, Lirui | Zheng, Qiuju | Chen, Junji

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Network security is one of the key concerns with wireless sensor networks. Because sensor nodes employ radio channel frequencies, which are riskier than traditional networks, the attacker may be able to force the node to compromise, disrupt data integrity, eavesdrop, or insert false data into the network, wasting network resources. Creating dependable sensor networks that offer the highest level of security while using the fewest resources is thus one of the problems. The designers of wireless sensor networks can take into account providing an efficient key management system that can enhance any efficiency features such as communication overhead, calculation rate, …memory demand, and energy consumption rate. The energy level of nodes is determined in this article using a novel approach based on fuzzy systems and simple to implement in both hardware and software. In this study, the memory needed to carry out the plan was decreased, and the search performance was raised by integrating elliptic curve cryptography with an AVL search tree and a LEACH model. Also, the frequency range of radio channels in this study is 2.4 GHz. Based on the theoretical analysis as well as the outcomes of the experiments, the suggested key management strategy for wireless sensor networks improves security while also reducing computational overhead by 23%, energy consumption by 14%, and memory consumption parameters by 14%. 18% of people have used the network. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the suggested approach is scalable and extendable. Because of this, the suggested technique has a wide range of applications in massive wireless sensor networks. Show more

Keywords: Effective key management, transaction security, homogeneous mobile wireless sensor networks

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233476

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10451-10466, 2023

Authors: Dong, Yanfeng | Wang, Meng

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: At present, China’s football sports are relatively backward in training theory and practice. If you want to break out of Asia and enter the world, and gain a firm foothold in the international football arena, you must use a scientific and realistic attitude, absorb the successful experience of advanced football countries, reflect on our training concepts and practices, and deeply study the training laws of football, in order to find a way suitable for our development. Athletes’ competitive ability is the core issue of sports training. The failure of our football level is directly related to our systematic understanding of …athletes’ competitive ability. This problem has led to the separation of our training practice from the actual competition, making training unable to meet the needs of the competition. Only by solving this problem, can we improve the level of football in China. The football players’ competitive ability evaluation is affirmed as multiple attribute decision making (MADM). In such paper, motivated by the idea of cotangent similarity measure (CSM), the CSMs are extended to DVNSs and four CSMs are created under DVNSs. Then, two weighted CSMs are built for MADM under DVNSs. Finally, a numerical example for Football players’ competitive ability evaluation is affirmed and some comparative algorithms are produced to affirm the built method. Show more

Keywords: Multiple attribute decision making (MADM), double-valued neutrosophic sets (DVNSs), cotangent similarity measure (CSM), football players’ competitive ability evaluation

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231194

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10467-10476, 2023

Authors: Kolla, Bhavannarayanna | Venugopal, P.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Breast cancer is a widespread and significant health concern among women globally. Accurately categorizing breast cancer is essential for effective treatment, ultimately improving survival rates. Moreover, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a widely adopted approach for precise medical image classification in recent years, showing promise in this domain. However, despite the availability of DL models proposed in the literature for automated classification of breast cancer histopathology images, achieving high accuracy remains challenging. A minor modification to pre-trained models and simple training strategies can further enhance model accuracy. Based on the approach, this paper proposed an anti-aliased filter in a …pre-trained ResNet-34 and a novel three-step training process to improve BC histopathology image classification accuracy. The training involves systematically unfreezing layers and imposing additional constraints on the rate of change of learnable parameters. In addition, four-fold on-the-fly data augmentation enhances model generalization. The Ada-Hessian optimizer adjusts learning rates based on first and second-order gradients to improve convergence speed. The training process utilizes a large batch size to minimize the training loss associated with batch normalization layers. Even with the limited GPU size, the gradient accumulation technique achieves a large batch size. Collectively, these strategies minimize training time while maintaining or improving the accuracy of BC histopathology image classification models. In the experimental implementation, the proposed architecture achieves superior results compared to recent existing models, with an accuracy of 98.64%, recall (98.98%), precision (99.35%), F1-Score (99.17%), and MCC (97.36%) for binary classification. Similarly, the model achieves an accuracy of 95.01%, recall (95.01%), precision (94.95%), F1-Score (94.94%), and MCC (93.42%) for the eight-class category of BC images. Show more

Keywords: Deep learning, anti-aliased ResNet, BreakHis, breast cancer, fine-tuning, transfer learning

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231563

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10477-10495, 2023

Authors: Sowmya, S. | Jose, Deepa

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to assess the fetus health and make timely decisions throughout pregnancy, Fetal Electrocardiography (FECG) monitoring is essential. Huge datasets for electrocardiograms are freely accessible from Physionet ATM Dataset1- Abdominal and Direct Fetal ECG Database (adfecgdb), Dataset2- Fetal ECG Synthetic Database (fecgsyndb), Dataset3- Non-Invasive Fetal ECG Database(nifecgdb). In this study, categorization is done based on normal and abnormal (Atrial fibrillation) FECG from three online dataset which contains FECG recordings as major details. Deep learning models like Transfer Learning (TL) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are being investigated. The composite abdominal signal and the FECG are separated using a wavelet …transform approach. The best model for categorizing the parameters of the FECG is determined through a comparative analysis and performance is improved using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). The accuracy of the CNN-based technique is found to be 98.59%, whereas the accuracy of the transfer learning model is 99.01% for FECG classification. The computation of metric parameters for all the datasets is done. The classification of normal and abnormal (Atrial fibrillation) is best performed in TL model compared to CNN. Real-time data analysis is done for PQRST plotting and comparative study is done using Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and obtained NRI = 13%, z static 0f 3.7641, p -Value of 0.00016721. Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI) identification is done based on ST segment of Maternal ECG (MECG) images to analyze the heart attack risk. The proposed work can be utilized to track FECG waveforms in real-time for wearable technology because of its end-to-end properties and expandable intrinsic for diagnosing multi-lead heart disorders. Show more

Keywords: Fetal electrocardiogram, convolutional neural networks, transfer learning, physio net ATM, deep learning models

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231681

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10497-10514, 2023

Authors: Deepika, S. | Anandakumar, S. | Bhuvanesh Kumar, M. | Baskar, C.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the present marketing environment, choosing the right suppliers is very difficult for any construction company. Current supplier selection models in the construction industry often suffer from limitations such as incomplete criteria coverage, inadequate handling of uncertainties, and oversimplification of decision-making, leading to sub-optimal supplier choices and project risks. This paper aims in selecting the best suppliers among the different M-Sand environment suppliers. In this study 13 qualitative criterions are selected by the expert team. For handling the attributes, uncertainties, vagueness associated with supplier selection problems the Fuzzy Delphi, Fuzzy Analytical hierarchal Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Technique for order preference …by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods were chosen. In the first phase of this study, Fuzzy Delphi Method is employed to select the 5 significant criterions. These criterions can be used to help the construction company in the direction to choose the right suppliers at the end. During the second phase, one of the significant Multi-criteria Decision Making Method called AHP is employed with extended support of fuzzy logic to evaluate the weightage of each criterion. Further ranking of various alternative suppliers are done by Fuzzy TOPSIS model. The ranking results indicate that A2 is the best supplier followed by A1 and A2. The third phase of this study deals with analyzing both the qualitative and quantitative criteria, hence Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is adopted to correlate the criteria. This is done to select efficient suppliers. The develop model is demonstrated in the construction industry. Show more

Keywords: Supplier selection, multi-criteria decision making method, fuzzy delphi method, fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy TOPSIS and DEA model.

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-231790

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10515-10528, 2023

Authors: Wang, Liyang | Yang, Xiao

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Evaluating English teaching quality is vital for improving knowledge-based developments through communication for different aged students. Teaching quality assessment relies on the teachers’ and students’ features for constructive progression. With the development of computational intelligence, optimization and machine learning techniques are widely adapted for teaching quality assessment. In this article, a Quality-centric Assessment Model aided by Fuzzy Optimization (QAM-FO) is designed. This optimization approach validates the student-teacher features for a balanced model assessment. The distinguishable features for improving students’ oral and verbal communication from different teaching levels (basic, intermediate, and proficient) are extracted. The extracted features are the crisp input …for the fuzzy optimization such that the recurring fuzzification detains the least fit feature. Such features are replaced by the level-based teaching and performance feature that differs from the previous fuzzy input. This replacement is pursued until a maximum recommendable feature (performance/ learning) is identified. The identified feature is applicable for different teaching levels for improving the quality assessment. Therefore, the proposed optimization approach provides different feasible recommendations for teaching improvements. Show more

Keywords: English teaching, fuzzy optimization, quality assessment, recommendation model

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232034

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10529-10543, 2023

Authors: Bai, Xuemei | Tan, Jiaqi | Hu, Hanping | Zhang, Chenjie | Gu, Dongbing

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The paper proposes a deep learning model based on Chebyshev Network Gated Recurrent Units, which is called Spectral Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network, for multichannel electroencephalogram emotion recognition. First, in this paper, an adjacency matrix capturing the local relationships among electroencephalogram channels is established based on the cosine similarity of the spatial locations of electroencephalogram electrodes. The training efficiency is improved by utilizing the computational speed of the cosine distance. This advantage enables our method to have the potential for real-time emotion recognition, allowing for fast and accurate emotion classification in real-time application scenarios. Secondly, the spatial and temporal dependence …of the Spectral Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network for capturing electroencephalogram sequences is established based on the characteristics of the Chebyshev network and Gated Recurrent Units to extract the spatial and temporal features of electroencephalogram sequences. The proposed model was tested on the publicly accessible dataset DEAP. Its average recognition accuracy is 88%, 89.5%, and 89.7% for valence, arousal, and dominance, respectively. The experiment results demonstrated that the Spectral Graph Convolution Recurrent Neural Network method performed better than current models for electroencephalogram emotion identification. This model has broad applicability and holds potential for use in real-time emotion recognition scenarios. Show more

Keywords: Electroencephalogram, emotion recognition, chebyshev network gated recurrent units, spectral graph convolution recurrent neural network, adjacency matrix

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232465

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10545-10561, 2023

Authors: Xian, Luo | Tian, Lan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In the era of big data, the exponentially increasing data volume and emerging technical tools have put forward new requirements for enterprise information management. Therefore, it is of great significance to enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises to explore how big data can empower the innovation of enterprise information management. Intelligent transportation system combines a variety of technologies and applies them to a large-scale transportation management system, so as to make a reasonable dispatch of traffic conditions. Aiming at the problem of the relatively low accuracy of bus passenger flow forecasting with the existing models, a short-term passenger flow prediction …model combining Stacked Denoising Auto Encoder (SDAE) and improved bidirectional Long-short Term Memory network (Bi-LSTM) is proposed. First, the SDAE model is used to fill in the missing bus passenger flow data, the characteristics of the bus passenger flow data are effectively utilized, and the data with rich information is used to predict the missing values with high accuracy. Second, Bi-LSTM model combined with attention mechanism is used for short-term bus passenger flow prediction. Considering that the data sequence of bus passenger flow is relatively long and there is a two-way information flow, the BiLSTM neural network is used for prediction tasks, and the influence of key factors is highlighted through attention weights to mine the internal laws of passenger flow data. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the lowest prediction error among all the comparison methods in the task of short-term bus passenger flow prediction on the public transportation dataset, with MAE, MRE, and RMSE values of 6.014, 0.052, and 9.874, respectively. These findings confirmed the effectiveness of the new model in the passenger flow prediction field. Show more

Keywords: Intelligent transportation system, passenger flow prediction, stacked denoising autoencoder, bidirectional long short-term memory network, attention mechanism introduction

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232979

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10563-10577, 2023

Authors: Fan, Kun | Hu, Yanrong | Liu, Hongjiu | Liu, Qingyang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Accurately predicting soybean futures fluctuations can benefit various market participants such as farmers, policymakers, and speculators. This paper presents a novel approach for predicting soybean futures price that involves adding sequence decomposition and feature expansion to an Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model with dual-stage attention. Sequence decomposition is based on the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) method, a technique for extracting sequence patterns and eliminating noise. The technical indicators generated enrich the input features of the model. Dual-stage attention are finally employed to learn the spatio-temporal relationships between the input features and the target sequence. The …research is founded on data related to soybean contract trading from the Dalian Commodity Exchange. The suggested method surpasses the comparison models and establishes a fresh benchmark for future price forecasting research in China’s agricultural futures market. Show more

Keywords: Soybean futures, time series forecasting, attention mechanism, sequence decomposition, technical indicator

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233060

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10579-10602, 2023

Authors: Jingjing, Huang | Xu, Zhang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In view of the individual differences in learners’ abilities, learning objectives, and learning time, an intelligent recommendation method for offline course resources of tax law based on the chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to provide personalized digital courses for each learner. The concept map and knowledge structure theory are comprehended to create the network structure map of understanding points of tax law offline courses and determine the learning objectives of learners; the project response theory is used to analyze the ability of different learners; According to the learners’ learning objectives and ability level, the intelligent recommendation model of …offline course resources of tax law is established with the minimum concept difference, minimum ability difference, minimum time difference, and minimum learning concept imbalance as the objective functions; Through the cultural framework, the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the cultural framework is obtained by combining the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the chaotic mapping algorithm; The algorithm is used to solve the intelligent recommendation model, and the intelligent recommendation results of offline course resources in tax law are obtained. The experiential outcomes indicate that the process has a smaller inverse generation distance, larger super-volume, and smaller distribution performance index when solving the model; that is, the convergence performance and distribution performance of the model is better; This method can effectively recommend offline course resources of tax law for learners intelligently, and the minimum normalized cumulative loss gain is about 0.75, which is significantly higher than other methods, that is, the effect of intelligent recommendation is better. Show more

Keywords: Chaotic mapping, particle swarm, optimization algorithm, offline courses of tax law, resource intelligence recommendation

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233095

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10603-10617, 2023

Authors: Alsuwat, Emad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Machine learning (ML) techniques play a crucial role in producing precise predictions without the use of explicit programming by utilizing representative and unbiased data. These methods, which are a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), are used in a variety of settings, including recommendation engines, spam filtering, malware detection, classification, and predictive maintenance. While ML algorithms improve results, they also present security and privacy threats, especially in the face of adversarial ML attacks such as data poisoning assaults that can undermine data modeling applications. This study introduces SecK2, a cutting-edge ML method developed to stop dangerous input from entering ML models. …The scalability of SecK2 is proved through meticulous experimental research, revealing its astonishing capacity to identify data poisoning attacks at a previously unheard-of pace. As a result, SecK2 becomes a valuable tool for guaranteeing the reliability and security of ML models. Our suggested method produces outstanding results by a variety of criteria. Notably, it achieves a noteworthy 61% convergence rate and an exceptional 89% attack detection rate. Additionally, it offers a phenomenal 96% throughput while protecting data integrity at 53%. The technique also boasts impressive Validation accuracy of 96% and Training accuracy of 92%. The suggested technology offers a strong and reliable barrier against the rising danger of data poisoning attacks. ML practitioners can have more faith in their models, thanks to SecK2’s capabilities, protecting against potential adversarial assaults and preserving the dependability of ML-based applications. Show more

Keywords: Data poisoning attacks, machine learning, privacy prediction, malicious data

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233942

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10619-10633, 2023

Authors: Nie, Kuang | Langari, Reza

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals have great potential for predicting upper limb motion. Although prior investigations have explored diverse applications of sEMG signal analysis, but few studies have focused on real-time motion prediction within the context of upper limb configuration space. Additionally, previous research has not adequately considered individual variability in sEMG features. This study aims to accomplish two main objectives. Firstly, it seeks to examine the dissimilarities in signal distribution across different subjects when employing various features. Additionally, the study aims to establish a correlation between signal distribution patterns and the model’s predictive accuracy. Secondly, the study introduced a personalized …standardization (PSD) technique, which will serve to normalize the shape of the signal distribution across different subjects, thereby addressing the inter-individual differences in sEMG features. A bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network is employed to estimate the real-time moving intention of the upper limb after applying the PSD technique. The analysis of signal distribution involved nine combinations of features, encompassing six features, namely mean absolute value (MAV), wave length (WL), variance (VAR), root mean square (RMS), mean frequency (MNF) and median frequency (MDF). To assess predictive capabilities, several models were evaluated. Remarkably, the distribution analysis clearly demonstrated that the shape of the signal distribution notably influences the model’s performance. Accroding to results, the incorporation of the PSD technique resulted in a notable improvement in the accuracy of the Bi-LSTM model, which leds to an enhancement of up to 2.8 percentage points in predictive accuracy. Additionally, the Bi-LSTM model emerged as the highest-performing model among all the compared models during the analysis. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual variability in sEMG features when developing predictive models for upper limb motion and highlight the potential benefits of employing the PSD technique to enhance model performance. Show more

Keywords: Surface electromyography, Real-time motion prediction, Deep Learning, Signal pre-processing

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234018

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10635-10648, 2023

Authors: Gui, Zhen

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The task of multi-label text classification involves assigning a set of related labels to a given document. However, there are three main problems with this task. Firstly, the joint modeling of label-text and label-label relationships is inadequate. Secondly, the semantic mining of the label itself is insufficient. Lastly, the utilization of the internal structure information of the label is ignored. To address these issues, a new multi-label text classification method has been proposed. This method is based on joint attention and shared semantic space. The joint multi-head attention mechanism models the relationship between labels and documents as well as the …relationship between labels simultaneously. This helps to avoid error transmission and utilizes the interaction information between them. The decouple shared semantic space embedding method improves the method of using labels semantic information and reduces deviation in the phase of modeling correlation. The hierarchical hinting method based on prior knowledge relies on the prior knowledge in the pre-trained model to exploit the labels hierarchy information. Experimental results have shown that this proposed method is superior to existing multi-label text classification methods in public datasets. Show more

Keywords: Multi-label text classification, attention mechanism, label representation, semantic embedding, pre-trained model

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234151

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10649-10659, 2023

Authors: Deng, Yu | Zhang, Wenxia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In recent years, due to the rapid development of internet technology, the integration process of digital technology and financial services has accelerated. Digital Financial inclusion has emerged as the times require, becoming an important force to promote private enterprises to get out of financing difficulties. The development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Recently, Recently, the Exponential TODIM(ExpTODIM) and (grey relational analysis) GRA method has been used to cope with MAGDM issues. The intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are used as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the development level …evaluation of digital inclusive finance. In this paper, the intuitionistic fuzzy Exponential TODIM-GRA (IF-ExpTODIM-GRA) method is built to solve the MAGDM under IFSs. In the end, a numerical case study for development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance is supplied to validate the proposed method. The main contributions of this paper are outlined: (1) the ExpTODIM and GRA method has been extended to IFSs; (2) Information Entropy is used to derive weight under IFSs. (3) the IF-ExpTODIM-GRA method is founded to solve the MAGDM under IFSs; (4) a numerical case study for development level evaluation of digital inclusive finance and some comparative analysis are supplied to validate the proposed method. Show more

Keywords: Multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM), intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), ExpTODIM, GRA, digital inclusive finance

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-234827

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10661-10673, 2023

Authors: Chen, Ze | Lu, Ning | Hou, Botao | Liu, Xin | Zuo, Xiaojun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In order to improve the effect and accuracy of risk source identification, this paper studied the network security risk source identification model of power CPS system based on fuzzy artificial neural network. The network security risk source index system of power CPS system was constructed, and the dimension of index data was reduced by principal component analysis. Fuzzy theory is used to process the index data after dimension reduction, and the comprehensive membership vector of each index is obtained. The dynamic clustering algorithm is used to determine the number of hidden layer units of radial basis function neural network, and …the network security risk source identification model is established. Finally, the quantitative value of risk source identification is output. The experimental results show that the model can effectively reduce the dimension of the network security risk source index data of the power CPS system. The optimal distance threshold of the hidden layer is 4.2, and the optimal number of units is 6. In the final identification results, four severe risk sources and five moderate risk sources were obtained, and the quantitative values of risk source identification of each index were 63, 70, 71, 77, 65, 89 and 96, respectively, indicating that the model can effectively identify network security risk sources of power CPS systems. With the increase of the proportion of communication nodes removed, when there are various types of security vulnerability information, the mean square error value of the model is always lower than the set threshold, indicating that the model has high recognition accuracy. Show more

Keywords: Fuzzy theory, artificial neural network, power CPS system, network security, risk sources, identification model

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-224090

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10675-10691, 2023

Authors: Kamran, Muhammad | Ashraf, Shahzaib | Salamat, Nadeem | Naeem, Muhammad | Hameed, Muhammad Shazib

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: One of the hottest areas for applying the solutions currently available is the internet of things-based smart housing society architecture and its uncertainty analysis. When intelligent parking, waste management, public transportation, public safety, and other automatic methods for housing society’s growth were implemented, it became even more crucial. An intelligent, smart system is necessary to manage these problems and provide smooth services. Additionally, it will be helpful in reducing issues with time waste and societal safety. However, the issue comes up when describing accurate, approximate, or questionable parking, transit, safety, and waste management areas. This paper discusses several mathematical solutions …for the smart housing society that use fuzzy rough sets, probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets, and their extensions with neutrosophic sets. For further growth, a few studies on the graphic display of the evolution of the smart housing society are also considered. The rough set theory can be useful when dealing with imprecise, incomplete, or indeterminate data sets. The core contribution of this work is the construction of a novel generalized notion of a single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic hesitant fuzzy rough set (SV-NPHFRS), which is a hybrid structure of the single-valued neutrosophic set, the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set, and the rough set. In contrast to the present literature, the underlying idea of SV-NPHFRS is that it is a powerful mathematical tool for managing uncertainty and imperfect information. This method is particularly beneficial when there are a number of competing criteria to consider. The aggregation technique plays an important role in decision-making concerns, especially when more competing criteria are present. In the study’s comparison phase, the suggested decision support system is compared to relevant existing approaches. The results suggest that, in terms of choice flexibility, the suggested technique has the potential to outperform the drawbacks of the current decision-making tools. The proposed study is expected to be useful for a number of researchers conducting future work on housing societies, waste management, public safety diagnostics, and hybridization. Show more

Keywords: Single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic hesitant fuzzy rough sets, aggregation operators, decision making

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-224364

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10693-10737, 2023

Authors: Suo, Chunfeng | Li, Yongming | Guo, Li

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The polygonal interval-valued fuzzy number is constructed based on the polygonal fuzzy number and the interval-valued fuzzy number. Its main feature is that the linear operation of finite ordered points reduces the complexity of traditional interval-valued fuzzy number operations. This research presents a generalized distance formula between two polygonal interval-valued fuzzy numbers and explores topological properties under the distance of polygonal interval-valued fuzzy numbers. In addition, we adopt the TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) and prospect theory approach for the multi-attribute decision-making problem. The information of attributes describes with polygonal interval-valued fuzzy numbers, and …we then implement optimized ranking on the alternatives according to the profit and loss ratio. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and practicability of the decision-making method and fuzzy numbers at polygonal interval-valued fuzzy numbers in e-commerce risk assessment. Show more

Keywords: Polygonal interval-valued fuzzy number, human resource recruitment, generalized distance, arithmetic operation

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-230040

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10739-10755, 2023

Authors: Cao, Xianghong | Wu, Kunning | Geng, Xin | Wang, Yongdong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, the frequency of building fire incidents has been increasing year by year. Therefore, rapid, efficient, and safe evacuation from buildings has become an urgent and important task. A construction fire escape path planning method based on an improved NavMesh algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, by using the method of local updates in the navigation grid, redundant computation is reduced, and the update time of the improved algorithm is about 6.8% of that of the original algorithm, immediate generation of navigation is achieved. Secondly, the heuristic function of the pathfinding algorithm is improved, and …a multi-exit path planning mechanism is proposed to achieve more efficient, which can quickly plan a safe evacuation path away from the spreading fire and smoke in the event of a fire. Finally, a new evaluation index called Navigation Grid Complexity (NGC) is proposed and demonstrated to measure the quality of navigation grids. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated through simulation experiments on actual building models, which can provide real-time, efficient, intelligent, and safe path planning for rapid evacuation of evacuees in the fire scene. Show more

Keywords: NavMesh, path planning, fire emergency evacuation, dynamic environments

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-232681

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10757-10768, 2023

Authors: Ran, Lang | Hong, Chaoqun | Zhang, Xuebai | Tang, Chaohui | Xie, Yuhong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Human pose estimation is a challenging visual task that relies on spatial location information. To improve the performance of human pose estimation, it is important to accurately determine the constraint relationship among keypoints. To address this, we propose MfvPose, a novel hybrid model that leverages rich multi-scale information. The proposed model incorporates the HRFOV module, which uses cascaded atrous convolution to maintain high-resolution representations of the backbone extractor and enrich the multi-scale information. In addition, we introduce learnable scalar weights to the Transformer encoder. In detail, it involves a multiplication by a diagonal matrix with learnable scalar weights on output …of each residual block, which improves the dynamics of model training and enhances the accuracy of human pose estimation. It is experimentally shown that our proposed MfvPose achieves promising results on various benchmarks. Show more

Keywords: Receptive field, multi-head self-attention, atrous convolution, human pose estimation

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233375

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10769-10778, 2023

Authors: Baskar, A. | Rajaram, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic network with mobility nodes. Emerging applications for MANETs in real-time present numerous research challenges. Specifically, the mobile nodes’ dynamic character hinders the routing efficacy in MANET. Previous algorithms for routing like DSDV DSR, AODV, and are inefficient due to an ineffective route discovery method. Route selection becomes more complex and energy-intensive for large-scale applications, such as air pollution monitoring. For air pollution monitoring applications, this research seeks to improve data delivery while reducing energy consumption. In this work, we proposed DeepOptimizer for achieving optimal data transmission. First, the network is segregated into multiple …clusters using the Rough set theory. In the all clusters, Cluster Head is accountable for split a data into normal and emergency. This process is performed by grouping data by K++ means algorithm. For emergency data, Graph-based Route Selection (GRS) algorithm. This is the fast algorithm that selects the optimal route. On the other hand, the normal data transmission route is selected by the Deep-SpikeQNetwok-based Whale Optimization (WO) algorithm. Finally, the network is tested through simulations made in ns-3 based on network lifetime, throughput, energy level, delay and packet delivery ratio. Show more

Keywords: Deep routing, emergency data transmission, spiking networks, MANET

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233425

Citation: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 10779-10797, 2023