Cancer Biomarkers - Volume 20, issue 4

Authors: Zhao, Chengfei | Gao, Feng | Weng, Shaohuang | Liu, Qicai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Pancreatic cancers with poor prognosis are highly malignant, readily metastatic and of immune tolerance, mainly due to delayed detection. The metastatic progression and immune tolerance of pancreatic cancer is greatly attributed to the intercellular communication. However, exosomes are deemed to be the most important tool of intercellular communicators. Thus, we present a review of pancreatic cancer and exosomes in this article. We intensively summarize the progress of early pancreatic cancer and the relationship of the proliferation, progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes, and propose new ideas of the study of pancreatic cancer.

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, early detection, exosomes, immune tolerance

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170258

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 357-367, 2017

Authors: Chatterjee, Madhumita | Hurley, Laura C. | Levin, Nancy K. | Stack, Matthew | Tainsky, Michael A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and 70% of patients experience recurrence months to years from initial diagnosis. The expression of paraneoplastic antigens can result in the occurrence of onconeural autoantibodies in ovarian cancer that may be associated with neurological disorders that are clinically manifested in patients before diagnosis of ovarian cancer. These paraneoplastic antigens can serve as excellent biomarkers not only for early detection but also for monitoring ovarian cancer recurrence. OBJECTIVE: To assess the immunoreactivity of our previous 3 biomarkers along with 3 paraneoplastic antigens, HARS, Ro52 and CDR2 for …the evaluation of their sensitivity in predicting recurrence before the clinical relapse of the ovarian cancer. METHODS: Western blot immunoassays were performed to assess the immunoreactivity of 6 antigens with 21 recurrent ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS: The results indicated that antibodies to HARS, Ro52, CDR2 and 5H6 antigens predicted ovarian cancer recurrence 5.03 months before the clinical or symptomatic relapse in 21 ovarian cancer patients with a sensitivity of 90.5% when CA125 levels were below the standard cutoff (35 U/ml). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that appearance of onconeural antibodies prior to the rise in CA125 during post treatment surveillance can be a useful diagnostic to predict ovarian cancer recurrence. Show more

Keywords: Paraneoplastic syndromes, paraneoplastic antigens, humoral immune response, onconeural autoantibodies, serological screening, immunoreactivity

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170652

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 369-387, 2017

Authors: Celik, Zeliha Esin | Kaynar, Mehmet | Karabagli, Pinar | Gergerlioglu, Nursadan | Goktas, Serdar

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ring Box Protein-1 (RBX-1), a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, has a crucial role in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) carcinogenesis and progression. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, it is aimed to determine the expression of RBX-1 protein in bladder UCC and the association between tumor grade, stage and RBX-1 expression. METHODS: Ninety UCC samples and 20 samples containing foci of normal bladder urothelium were recruited and analyzed immunohistochemically in terms of RBX-1 expression. Immuno-reactivity scoring system (IRS) was used to determine RBX-1 expression levels. RESULTS: RBX-1 overexpression …was associated with high tumor grade (p = 0.001) and advanced stage (p = 0.001). pT1 tumors showed higher RBX-1 expression than pTa tumors. pT2 tumors showed not only higher expression than pTa tumors but also higher expression than the total of pTa and pT1 groups combined. There was no statistically significant relation between RBX-1 expression and patient gender (p = 0.116) or age (p = 0.191). CONCLUSIONS: In bladder UCC, RBX-1 overexpression is associated with high tumor grade and advanced stage and represents biological potential of invasiveness and aggressive disease. Results of the present study have to be supported with further studies to reveal clinical and therapeutic implications of RBX-1 overexpression in bladder UCC. Show more

Keywords: Urothelial cell carcinoma, prognosis, invasiveness, Ring Box-1, immunohistochemistry

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170002

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 389-394, 2017

Authors: Allaoui, Roni | Hagerling, Catharina | Desmond, Eva | Warfvinge, Carl-Fredrik | Jirström, Karin | Leandersson, Karin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have a strong prognostic value in various forms of cancers. These data often refer to use of the pan-T cell marker CD3, or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte marker CD8α . However, T cells are a heterogeneous group of cells with a wide array of effector mechanisms ranging from immunosuppression to cytotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: In this study we have investigated the prognostic effects of some unconventional T cell subtypes in breast cancer; γ ⁢ δ T cells, IL-17 + T cells and FoxP3 + …T cells (T regs ) in relation to the conventional CD3 and CD8α T cell markers. METHODS: This was done using immunohistochemistry on a human breast cancer tissue microarray consisting of 498 consecutive cases of primary breast cancer. RESULTS: Infiltration of γ ⁢ δ T cells and T cell infiltration in general (CD3), correlated with a good prognosis, while T reg infiltration with a worse. Infiltration of γ ⁢ δ T cells was associated with a significantly improved clinical outcome in all breast cancer subtypes except triple negative tumors. Only infiltration of either CD3 + or CD8α + cells was independently associated with better prognosis for all breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds further light on the prognostic impact of various T cell subtypes in breast cancer. Show more

Keywords: Breast cancer, T lymphocytes, TILs, prognosis, unconventional T cells

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170026

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 395-409, 2017

Authors: Deng, Wen | Meng, Zimin | Sun, Aitao | Yang, Zhihong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing worldwide. Pioglitazone is a pharmacologic agonist of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ ) that was reported to ameliorate hepatic steatosis and inflammatory changes. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone in NAFLD and investigate the underlying mechanism by testing platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and tissue inhibitory of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). METHODS: A total of C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomized to three groups, control group (NC, n = 60), high-fat control …group (HF, n = 60), and pioglitazone treatment group (L , n = 60). Mice were administrated with high-fat diet to construct NAFLD model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure protein expression of PDGF and TIMP-2. Liver histology samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). RESULTS: Upon pioglitazone treatment, the PDGF and TIMP-2 expression levels were decreased compared with high-fat diet-fed mice devoid of drug stimulation. Analysis of liver histology showed pioglitazone treatment could reduce steatosis and inflammatory changes, which was helpful to inhibit hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD mice. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed pioglitazone might exert an inhibitory effect on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. Moreover, this study provided novel evidence for the promising clinical application of pioglitazone in intervening NAFLD. Show more

Keywords: NAFLD, pioglitazone, hepatic fibrosis, PDGF, TIMP-2

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170157

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 411-415, 2017

Authors: Gong, Wanjun | Tian, Ming | Qiu, Honggen | Yang, Zhenhua

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value of serum long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HIF 1alpha-antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We obtained serum samples from 151 CRC patients and 160 health controls. Serum level of HIF1A-AS1 was detected via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of HIF1A-AS1. Then HIF1A-AS1 in CRC was divided into high- and low-expression groups, and the associations of the HIF1A-AS1 serum level with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Serum level of HIF1A-AS1 was significantly increased from CRC patients as compared …to those of health controls (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed a relative high diagnostic performance of HIF1A-AS1 to distinguish CRC from health controls, with the area under the curves (AUC) of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.940 ∼ 0.980; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that differentiation degree, tumor size, TNM stage, T stage, N stage, M stage and serum level of HIF1A-AS1 were all linked to CRC prognosis (All P < 0.05). Compared to CRC patients with low HIF1A-AS1 expression, high expression of patients were associated with a shorter 5-year-survival rate (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that lower differentiation degree, tumor > 5 cm and higher expression of HIF1A-AS1 were independent risk factors affecting the survival rate of patients with CRC (P < 0.05). Our results illustrated that elevated serum HIF1AAS1 could be clinically functioned as a potential biomarker for CRC diagnoses and prognosis. Show more

Keywords: Long chain noncoding RNA, HIF1A-AS, colorectal carcinoma, diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170179

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 417-424, 2017

Authors: Wang, Jintao | Ma, Weimin | Liu, Yidong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked ``RETRACTION''. The retraction notice is available at http://doi.org/10.3233/CBM229006.

Keywords: Bladder cancer, lncRNA HULC, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, ZIC2, PI3K/AKT

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170188

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 425-434, 2017

Authors: Quillien, Véronique | Lavenu, Audrey | Ducray, François | Meyronet, David | Chinot, Olivier | Fina, Frédéric | Sanson, Marc | Carpentier, Catherine | Karayan-Tapon, Lucie | Rivet, Pierre | Entz-Werle, Natacha | Legrain, Michèle | Zalcman, Emmanuèle Lechapt | Levallet, Guenaelle | Escande, Fabienne | Ramirez, Carole | Chiforeanu, Dan | Vauleon, Elodie | Figarella-Branger, Dominique

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyrosequencing is recognized as a strong technique to analyze the MGMT status of glioblastoma patients. The most commonly used assay, quantifies the methylation levels of CpGs 74 to 78. A more recent CE-marked In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device (CE-IVD) assay, Therascreen, analyzes CpGs 76–79. METHODS: We performed a comparison of these two assays to evaluate the potential impact of this shift in analyzed CpGs. Therascreen analysis was centrally performed for 102 glioblastoma patients, who were part of a prospective multicenter trial. RESULTS: A strong correlation was observed for the mean values of …the 4 or 5 analyzed CpGs, with lower values recorded using the Therascreen assay, especially for values greater than 20%. When considering a classification in 3 categories (> 12%: methylated; ⩽ 8%: unmethylated; 9–12%: grey zone), 93% of patients were identically classified between the two assays. Using a binary classification, 95% and 97% of patients were identically classified with cut-offs of 8% and 12%, respectively. A strong prognostic significance was observed for both assays: median overall survival were 15.9 months and 34.9 months for respectively unmethylated and methylated patients with either test. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that these assays may be used interchangeably. Show more

Keywords: Glioblastoma, MGMT methylation, pyrosequencing, CE-IVD kit

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170191

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 435-441, 2017

Authors: Yuan, G.Q. | Wei, N.L. | Mu, L.Y. | Wang, X.Q. | Zhang, Y.N. | Zhou, W.N. | Pan, Y.W.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is an important marker for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), there is considerable variability in the clinical outcome of patients with similar methylation profles. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether a MicroRNA (miRNA) signature can be identified for predicting clinical outcomes and helping in treatment decisions. METHODS: The differentially expressed miRNAs were evaluated in 6 pairs of short- (⩽ 450 days) and long-term survivors (>  450 days) by using microarray. Real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to further verify screened miRNAs with …a greater number of samples (n = 48). Meanwhile, functional interpretation of miRNA profile was carried out based on miRNA-target databases. In addition, MGMT promoter methylation status was tested by means of pyrosequencing (PSQ) testing. RESULTS: Six miRNAs were upregulated in the long-term survival group (fold change ⩾ 2.0, P < 0.05). The further verification by qRT-PCR indicated that the increase in let-7g-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-17-5p and miR-9-3p level in long-term survivors was statistically significant. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of a prognostic 4-miRNA signature was significantly associated with good patient survival (p = 0.0012). The signature regulated signaling pathways including Calcium, MAPK, ErbB, mTOR and cell cycle involved in carcinogenesis from glial progenitor cell to primary GBM. CONCLUSIONS: The 4-miRNA signature was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker that identified patients who have a favorable outcome. Show more

Keywords: Glioblastoma, promoter methylation, MicroRNAs (miRNAs), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), epigenetic silencing

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170205

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 443-452, 2017

Authors: Lai, Xianliang | Deng, Zhifeng | Guo, Hua | Zhu, Xingen | Tu, Wei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This article has been retracted, and the online PDF replaced with this retraction notice.

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170249

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 453-, 2017

Authors: Yang, Liu | Wang, Tiejun | Zhang, Jun | Wang, Xuxia

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complicated process that has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis as well as the formation of many tissues and organs. BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 7 (BTBD7) is reported to regulate transcriptional factors and involved in the process of invasion and metastasis of some malignant tumors. Additionally, our preliminary studies have confirmed that BTBD7 expression was significantly correlated with Slug expression and poor prognosis of primary salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). On this basis, this study further investigated function of BTBD7 in the invasion and metastasis of SACC in vitro , which may be …a possible target of gene therapy in the future. METHODS: The expression of BTBD7 and Slug were both examined in SACC-LM and SACC-83 cell lines by immunofluorescence staining. High invasive SACC-LM cells were transfected with BTBD7 siRNA and the expression levels of BTBD7 and Slug were detected in both gene and protein levels by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Assays were performed to survey cell migration, invasion and proliferation capabilities with BTBD7 silencing. RESULTS: BTBD7 and Slug proteins were detected in SACC-LM and SACC-83 cell lines. BTBD7 silencing down-regulated the expression of Slug and MMP9 meanwhile up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin in SACC-LM cells, the migration and invasion abilities of cells were obviously suppressed but with no influence on cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: BTBD7 silencing inhibited EMT through regulation of Slug expression in SACC-LM cells and might act as a potential molecular target for gene therapy of SACC. Show more

Keywords: BTBD7, Slug, salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, RNA interference

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170262

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 461-468, 2017

Authors: Zhao, Ping | Meng, Meng | Xu, Bin | Dong, Aiping | Ni, Guangzhen | Lu, Lianfang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: MUC1, a membrane tethered mucin glycoprotein, is overexpressed in > 60% of human pancreatic cancers (PCs), and is associated with poor prognosis and enhanced metastasis. Here, we report the effect of silencing MUC1 expression on the growth, migration and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells, and explored its mechanisms. We observed that siRNA mediated suppression of the MUC1 expression significantly reduced invasive and migrative capability and induced apoptosis of the pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. We found that Slug was inhibited in the MUC1 siRNA transfected PANC-1 cells (MUC1 siRNA/PANC-1 cells). Expression of PUMA and E-cadherin was increased …in the MUC1 siRNA/PANC-1 cells. PANC-1 cells overexpressing full long Slug gene (when transfected with Slug cDNA plasmid) significantly inhibited PUMA and E-cadherin expression in the MUC1 siRNA/PANC-1 cells. Silencing PUMA expression inhibited apoptosis in the MUC1 siRNA transfected PANC-1 cells (MUC1 siRNA/PANC-1 cells). Silencing E-cadherin expression restored the invasion and migration ability in the MUC1 siRNA/PANC-1 cells. We therefore concluded that silencing MUC1 expression inhibited migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of PANC-1 cells via downregulation of Slug and upregulation of Slug dependent PUMA and E-cadherin expression. MUC1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Show more

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, invasion, MUC1, Slug

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170297

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 469-476, 2017

Authors: Kim, Soo-Jin | Kim, Eunhee | Rim, Kyung-Taek

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Testing carcinogenicity caused by chemicals requires a noninvasive tool that can be used before autopsy because autopsy takes a long time. We investigated whether non-small cell lung cancer related gene mutations could be detected in cell-free DNA in plasma by Insight Onco TM next-generation sequencing, which is a fast and sensitive method. Adenoma formation was confirmed in urethane-injected 17-week-old mice. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, such as Cdkn2a and Vegfa, were selected. Mutant-enriched Insight Onco TM NGS and normal NGS were performed on genomic DNA. The results demonstrate that …Insight Onco TM NGS detected Cdkn2a and Vegfa SNPs at 0.05%. The sensitivity of Insight Onco TM NGS was twice higher than that of normal NGS. In this analysis, the Cdkn2a gene mutation was detected not only in two genomic DNA samples of lung tissue from the 11th week of urethane injection but also in two cell-free DNA samples. In addition, the Vegfa gene mutation was detected not only in three genomic DNA samples of lung tissue of injection but also in one cell-free DNA sample, showing 33% concordance. Our results confirm that Insight Onco TM NGS is a rapid and sensitive detection method that enables lung cancer-associated gene mutations to be detected in cell-free DNA before the end of the carcinogenicity test. Show more

Keywords: Cell-free DNA, lung tumor, non-invasive, plasma, quantification

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170303

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 477-485, 2017

Authors: Chen, Jing | Cao, Shun-Wang | Cai, Zhen | Zheng, Lei | Wang, Qian

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) dissemination and cancer metastasis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the EMT phenotypes of CTCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and the clinical utility in the early diagnosis of HCC metastasis and progression. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the count and EMT classification of CTCs detected by the CanPatrol ® platform in 195 HCC patients. The clinical relevance with other pathological features was statistically evaluated. RESULTS: CTCs were detected in 95% of the 195 HCC patients with …a range of 0–86 CTCs. Total CTCs numbers were correlated with BCLC stages, metastasis and serum AFP levels. The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.861 (95% CI: 0.782–0.940) in discriminating metastatic HCC patients with non-metastatic patients. Epithelial, hybrid and mesenchymal CTCs were found in about 53%, 83% and 57% patients, respectively. The proportion of hybrid and mesenchymal CTCs was associated with ages, BCLC stages, metastasis and AFP levels. Besides, recurrent HCC patients presented higher CTCs count and increased hybrid and mesenchymal CTCs. CONCLUSIONS: CTCs count and EMT classification are correlated with clinical stages and metastasis of HCC, suggesting that they may be potential markers for the early diagnosis of HCC metastasis and progression. Show more

Keywords: Circulating tumor cells, hepatocellular carcinoma, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer metastasis

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170315

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 487-498, 2017

Authors: Jiang, Lei | Wang, Wen-Jun | Li, Zhan-Wu | Wang, Xiao-Zhou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Recent studies reported that Piwil3 was overexpressed in various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). This study was intended to investigate its function and mechanism in GC progress. METHODS: Quantitative real time PCR(RT-PCR) and western blotting assays were utilized to measure mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. SiRNA transfection was performed to suppress the expression of Piwil3. CCK-8 assay, cell invasion and migration assays were used to determine the cell proliferative, cell invasive and migratory ability. RESULTS: The expression of Piwil3 was significantly …increased in GC tissues compared with matched normal tissues. The specific siRNA significantly inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of Piwil3, and effectively inhibited the proliferation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in GC cells. Downregulation of Piwil3 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of GC cells. Moreover, the downregulation of Piwil3 also significantly suppressed the tumor volumes in nude mice. Mechanism investigation showed that the downregulation of Piwil3 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of metastasis-related genes, including RhoC, MTA1, MMP2 and MMP9, and also modulated the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 but not their protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that overexpression of Piwil3 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells partially through JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Show more

Keywords: Piwil3, gastric cancer, proliferation, metastasis, JAK2/STAT3

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170324

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 499-509, 2017

Authors: Gou, Xun | Zhao, Xiyan | Wang, Zhengrong

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been verified to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the potential biologic function of PVT1 in HCC is not still fully known. METHODS: PVT1 and miR-214 were detected by qRT-PCR assays in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. CCK8, cell colony and transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and invasion abilities. Western-blot assay was performed to detect the protein of E-cadherin and Vimentin. QRT-PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated PVT1 regulated miR-214 expression. RESULTS: The results showed that …PVT1 was increased in HCC tissues and higher PVT1 expression was associated with tumor size, histological differentiation grade and advanced TNM stage. Furthermore, we revealed that PVT1 promoted cell proliferation and invasion in HCC. RIP and ChIP assays demonstrated that PVT1 significantly inhibited miR-214 expression by interacting with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, these results demonstrated that PVT1/EZH2/miR-214 regulatory pathway might serve as new target for HCC treatment. Show more

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, PVT1, enhancer of zeste homolog 2, miR-214, long non-coding RNA

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170331

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 511-519, 2017

Authors: Chen, Jian | Yang, Li | Wang, Xiongwei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development and progression of various types of cancer including glioblastoma (GBM). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of serum miR-203 in patients with GBM. METHODS: miR-203 extracted from cell culture medium and serum samples was detected by real-time PCR. The correlation between serum miR-203 expression as well as clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival was determined. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-203 was remarkably reduced in the GBM cells …and their culture medium. Serum miR-203 expression was significantly decreased in GBM patients compared with low grade glioma (LGG) patients and healthy controls. In addition, serum miR-203 discriminated GBM patients from LGG patients and healthy subjects. Chi-squared analysis showed that a significant correlation was found between low serum miR-203 expression and larger tumor size as well as lower Karnofsky Performance Scale scores. Patients with lower serum miR-203 suffered poorer overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis indicated that low miR-203 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that serum miR-203 expression might serve as a potential prognostic indicator of GBM. Show more

Keywords: Glioblastoma, miR-203, prognosis, real-time PCR

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170335

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 521-526, 2017

Authors: Mei, Li-Li | Qiu, Yun-Tan | Huang, Meng-Bing | Wang, Wen-Jun | Bai, Jie | Shi, Zhi-Zhou

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: miR-99a is down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however the role and underlying mechanism are still unknown. We aim to explore the role and mechanism of miR-99a down-regulation in ESCC. The expression of miR-99a in ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected by Human miRNA Microarrays and Real-time PCR. The effects of miR-99a on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell migration and invasion assay. Target gene of miR-99a were analyzed by target prediction software and validated by Real-time PCR and Western blotting assay. Our microarray results and four Gene Expression Omnibus …(GEO) datasets showed lower expression level of miR-99a in ESCC tissues. Overexpression of miR-99a using mimics significantly suppressed cell proliferation, and decreased expressions of CCND1, CCNA2 and CCNE1. We also found that enhanced miR-99a significantly inhibited migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC cells, and down-regulated EMT associated transcription factor Slug, and MMPs including MMP2, MMP7 and MMP13. TargetScan predicted insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as the cadidate target gene of miR-99a, and western blotting confirmed the negative correlation between miR-99a and IGF1R. Importantly, we further found that knockdown of IGF1R also significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and slug-induced EMT of ESCC cells, and reduced the cell cycle regulatory proteins and MMPs. In conclusion, our findings suggested that loss of miR-99a in ESCC promoted the tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and slug-induced EMT through activating IGF1R signaling pathway. Show more

Keywords: miR-99a, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170345

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 527-537, 2017

Authors: Shi, Qin | Zhou, Zhan | Ye, Naishu | Chen, Qiaolin | Zheng, Xiuxia | Fang, Minshan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as important regulators involved in malignant progression in some tumors. MiR-181a has been found to function as a tumor suppressor in some tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the functional role of miR-181a in NSCLC still needed to be investigated. METHODS: The expression of miR-181a were determined by qRT-PCR, the association between miR-181a and clinicopathological data were performed by chi-square test and survival analysis were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank test. Cell proliferation and invasion were assessed by CCK8, cell colony formation and transwell assays. Luciferase reporter …assay demonstrated that CDK1 was a target of miR-181a. Western blot assay detected the relative protein expression. RESULTS: In the study, our results showed that miR-181a was significantly down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. MiR-181 expression levels were significantly associated with histological grade, N status and TNM stage in the patients and lower miR-181a predicted a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-181a significantly suppressed the NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell invasion capacities. Moreover, upregulation of miR-181a inhibited CyclinB1 and CyclinD1 expression in NSCLC cells. Luciferase activity assay results demonstrated CDK1 was a direct target of miR-181a and miR-181a inhibited cell proliferation by regulating the mRNA and protein levels of CDK1 in NSCLC cells. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that miR-181a plays a tumor suppressor and may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC patients. Show more

Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer, miR-181a, CDK1, cell proliferation

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170350

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 539-546, 2017

Authors: Liu, Suoning | Suo, Jian | Wang, Chunxi | Sun, Xuan | Wang, Daguang | He, Liang | Zhang, Yang | Li, Wei

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: An overwhelming amount of evidence has emerged suggesting that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVE: The study was to analyze tissue/serum miR-144 expression in gastric cancer and then evaluate their potential to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer. METHODS: We examined miR-144 levels in tissues and peripheral blood samples from 96 gastric cancer patients using real-time PCR. Then the association between tissue/serum miR-144 levels and clinicopathological parameters was determined. RESULTS: The expression levels of miR-144 were significantly down-regulated in the cancerous tissue and serum samples from …gastric cancer patients. Serum miR-144 was able to differentiate the gastric cancer patients from healthy controls with high accuracy. In addition, tissue and serum miR-144 levels were both associated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, patients with lower tissue or serum miR-144 suffered worse 5 year overall survival and disease free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data support the potential clinical value of tissue and serum miR-144 as prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. Show more

Keywords: Biomarker, miR-144, prognosis, gastric cancer

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170351

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 547-552, 2017

Authors: Fang, Enhao | Zhang, Xiuqing | Wang, Qi | Wang, Daoming

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in America. As the molecular mechanism of PCa has not yet been completely discovered, identification of hub genes and potential drug of this disease is an important area of research that could provide new insights into exploring the mechanisms underlying PCa. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers and novel drug for prostate cancer treatment. METHODS: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between prostate cancer and normal cells were screened using microarray …data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed in order to investigate the functions of DEGs, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using the Cytoscape software. DEGs were then mapped to the connectivity map database to identify molecular agents associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. RESULTS: Totally, 359 genes (155 upregulated and 204 downregulated genes) were found to be differentially expressed between prostate cancer and normal cells. The GO terms significantly enriched by DEGs included cell adhesion, protein binding involved in cell-cell adhesion, response to BMP, extracellular region and extracellular region part. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the most significant pathways included cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and TGF-beta signaling pathway. The PPI network of up-regulated DEGs and down-regulated DEGs were established, respectively. While CDH1 , BMP2 , NKX3-1 , PPARG and PRKAR2B were identified as the hub genes in the PPI network. CONCLUSIONS: The BMP2 , PPARG and PRKAR2B genes may therefore be potential biomarkers in the treatment of PCa. Additionally, the small molecular agent phenoxybenzamine may be a potential drug for PCa. Show more

Keywords: Prostate cancer, bioinformatics analysis, differently expressed genes, hub genes, therapeutic agent

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170362

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 553-561, 2017

Authors: Kalantari, Elham | Asadi Lari, Mohammad Hossein | Roudi, Raheleh | Korourian, Alireza | Madjd, Zahra

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma is the third most common malignancy and is one of the main causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumour cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation, likely responsible for the initiation, recurrence, metastasis and chemo/radio-resistance. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the expression patterns and clinicopathologic significance of putative CSC markers, Lgr5 and DCLK1, in gastric carcinoma. METHOD: The expression levels of Lgr5 and DCLK1 were examined in a well-defined series of gastric carcinoma tissues, including 75 (80%) from intestinal and 19 (20%) from …diffuse subtypes, using tissue microarray (TMA). In addition, the correlation of the expression of these markers with clinicopathological factors was explored. RESULTS: Higher expressions of Lgr5 and DCLK1 were mainly detected in intestinal subtypes of gastric carcinomas compared to diffuse subtypes (P = 0.005 and P = 0.050, respectively). We also found a higher expression of Lgr5 and DCLK1 more frequently in well-differentiated gastric carcinoma cases (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007). The combined analysis demonstrated that the co-expression of Lgr5 and DCLK1 (Lgr5 High /DCLK1 High ) was more common in intestinal subtypes (P = 0.025) and well-differentiated gastric carcinoma samples (P < 0.001). Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between Lgr5 High /DCLK1 High phenotype and early-stage gastric carcinoma specimens (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the Lgr5 High /DCLK1 High expression pattern may be considered as a signature phenotype for intestinal subtypes of gastric carcinoma. Show more

Keywords: Gastric carcinoma, cancer stem cells, Lgr5, DCLK1

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170383

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 563-573, 2017

Authors: Luan, Suxian | Mu, Meiling | Sun, Liangzhi

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Selfheal has been used for many years in hyperprolactinemia induced galactorrhea, menstrual disorders, and dysgenesis with satisfactory curative effect. However, its mechanism is still unclear. This study intended to investigate the effect of selfheal extract on hyperprolactinemia in vivo and in vitro, in order to elucidate its mechanism of anti-hyperprolactinemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hyperprolactinemia rat model was established. High dose (28.8 g/(kg⋅ d)), middle dose (14.4 g/ (kg⋅ d)), and low dose (7.2 g/(kg⋅ d)) of selfheal extract were used to treat the model to observe impact on serum estradiol (E2), …progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Three cell lines MMQ, GH3, and PC12 were applied to investigate selfheal extract effect on PRL secretion, dopamine D2 receptor, and dopamine transporter (DAT). RESULTS: High and middle dose of selfheal extract significantly reduced PRL level in hyperprolactinemia rat compared with model group (P < 0.01). Compared with normal control, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml selfheal extract obviously inhibited PRL secretion in MMQ cells that high expressed D2 receptor after 24 hours (P < 0.01), but did not affect PRL secretion in GH3 cells lack of D2 receptor. 8 mg/ml selfheal extract markedly suppressed D2 receptor and DAT expression in PC12 cells that strongly expressed D2 receptor and DAT (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Selfheal extract treated hyperprolactinemia through dopamine D2 receptor with significant effect. Show more

Keywords: Selfheal extract, hyperprolactinemia, PRL, dopamine D2 receptor, DAT

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170454

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 575-580, 2017

Authors: Xu, Zhi-Hong | Liu, Cai-Hong | Hang, Jun-Biao | Gao, Bei-Li | Hu, Jia-An

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a novel group of target-specific anti lung cancer drugs, have recently been found to resistant to some NSCLC cells which have the T790M EGFR mutation. However, recent investigations on the therapies of resistance to EGFR-TKIs are very limited. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective therapies to reverse EGFR-TKIs resistance. In our present study, erlotinib was used as the TKIs drug and the effects of the erlotinib on cell growth were evaluated. Cell viability and concentration dependent studies were performed using HCI-H1975 and HCI-H1299 cells alone with erlotinib, respectively. Further combined with rituximab, the results …showed that erlotinib and rituximab were significantly inhibited the cell growth. Furthermore, the combination of erlotinib and rituximab greatly decreased the expression of p-mTOR and p-EGFR. Additional results from western blotting and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that the accumulation of rictor was also decreased on MAM. Thus, all these results suggested that EGFR-TKIs combined with CD20 mono-antibody significantly decrease the cell growth of H1975 cells and H1299, with T790M EGFR mutation, and inhibit the localization of the key mTOR pathway proteins to MAM. So, it may be a promising strategy for overcoming EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC patients. Show more

Keywords: Rituximab, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ER-membrane, NSCLC cells

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170575

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 581-588, 2017

Authors: Xia, Hong-Liang | Lv, Yao | Xu, Chun-Wei | Fu, Ming-Cui | Zhang, Ting | Yan, Xiang-Ming | Dai, Shu | Xiong, Qian-Wei | Zhou, Yun | Wang, Jian | Cao, Xu

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Neuroblastoma is a brain malignancy of childhood and accounts for 7–10% of childhood cancers, leading to approximately 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of short (about 18–25 nucleotides), noncoding and single stranded endogenous RNAs, which complementarily bind to the 3’ untranslated regions of their target genes. Recently, glutamine metabolism has been recognized as an important nutrition source for tumor cells, and hence targeting glutamine metabolism could benefit to development of anti-cancer agents. In this study, we investigate the roles of miR-513c in human neuroblastoma. We report miR-513c is significantly downregulated in human neuroblastoma tissues compared with …their adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, miR-513c is significantly downregulated in neuroblastoma cell lines compared with normal neuroblast cells. Overexpression of miR-513c suppresses neuroblastoma cells’ migration, invasion, and proliferation. We demonstrate the glutaminase (GLS) is a direct target of miR-513c in human neuroblastoma cells. In addition, we found restoration of GLS expression recovered the neuroblastoma cells’ migration, invasion, and proliferation. In summary, this study illustrates a miR-513c mediated neuroblastoma cells suppression, providing a new aspect on the miRNA-based therapeutic approach for the treatments of neuroblastoma. Show more

Keywords: MiR-513c, neuroblastoma, glutaminase, migration, invasion, proliferation

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170577

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 589-596, 2017

Authors: Sun, Yi | Li, Li | Xing, Shigang | Pan, Yinghua | Shi, Yunxiang | Zhang, Linghua | Shen, Qiang

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can promote or suppress tumor growth and therefore act as targets for cancer therapy. Hsa-miR-503-5p, a mature miRNA derived from 5’ ends of pre-miR-503, has been proved to regulate cell proliferation, transformation, migration and invasion. However, the biological function of miR-503-3p derived from 3’ ends of pre-miR-503 has never been reported. In current study, we found that miR-503-3p inhibits lung cancer cell viability and induces cell apoptosis. To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying the miR-503-3p participating in this process, PCR array and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed and some differential expression genes were discovered …between NC and miR-503-3p treated groups. Biological interaction network showed that p21 and CDK4 are the most important proteins involving miR-503-3p signal pathway. Dual-luciferase assay results shown miR-503-3p directly regulates the expression of p21 by targeting 3’-UTR of its mRNA. These results shed light on the potential roles of miR-503-3p, indicating that it may act as an anti-oncogene factor to inhibit lung cancer cell viability. Show more

Keywords: Lung cancer, miR-503-3p, apoptosis, p21

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170585

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 597-608, 2017

Authors: Liu, Li-Wei | Yang, Ming-Ya | Zhou, Min | Li, Jia-Jia | Liu, Bo | Pan, Yue-Yin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improvement of cytotoxicity of autologous CIKs from patients with breast cancer to MCF-7 cells by suppressed PD-1 expression. METHODS: The Lentiviral Vector/PD-1 carrying the gene that can suppressed PD-1 was transferred to CIK cells from patients with breast cancer to inhibit PD-1 expression. The PD-1 protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The positive PD-1 of CIKs and PD-L1 of MCF-7 cells were detected by FCM, and cytotoxicity of CIKs to MCF-7 was assayed by CCK-8. RESULTS: The PD-1 positive CIKs with Lentiviral Vector/PD-1 transferred from patients with breast …cancer were 16.02%, 14.36% and 14.64% at 14 th , 21 st and 28 th day, obviously inhibited as compared to 50.54%, 74.50% and 73.36% in CIKs without transinfection (P < 0.05); the Lentiviral Vector/PD-1 decreased the PD-1 mRNA levels in CIK cells, and Lentiviral Vector/PD-1-transferred CIKs had lower PD-1 expression; CCK-8 detection showed that at 14 th day, the cytotoxicity rates of CIKs with blank plasmids and those with PD-1 transfection to MCF-7 cells were 58.78% and 68.14%, respectively. CONCLUSION: MCF-7 cells have a strong PD-L1 expression at its surface, and inhibition of PD-1 expression can improve the cytotoxicity of CIK cells. Show more

Keywords: CIKs, MCF-7 cells, PD-1, PD-L1, cytotoxicity

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170588

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 609-615, 2017

Authors: Liu, Guang-Wei | Qin, Zhao-Min | Shen, Qin-Hai

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is crucially important to discover the relationships between genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer. Thus, we proposed a combined bioinformatics method integrating Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), Lasso, and causal inference method (IDA) to identify the potential miRNA targets for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) using Borda count election. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, the ensemble method integrating PCC, IDA, and Lasso was used to predict miRNA targets. Subsequently, to validate the performance ability of this ensemble method, comparisons between verified database and predicted miRNA targets were implemented. Pathway analysis for target genes in the top 1000 miRNA-mRNA interactions …was implemented to discover significant pathways. Finally, the top 10 target genes were identified based on predicted times > 3. RESULTS: The ensemble approach was confirmed to be a feasible method to predict miRNA targets The 527 target genes of the top 1000 miRNA-mRNA interactions were enriched in 21 pathways. Of note, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was the most significant one. The top 10 target genes were identified based on predicted times > 3, such as GABRA3, CSAG1 and PTPN7. These targets were all predicted by 4 times. Moreover, GABRA3 and CSAG1 were simultaneously targeted by miRNA-105-1, miRNA-105-2, and miRNA-767. Significantly, among these top 10 targets, PTPN7 and GABRA3-miRNA interactions owned the highest correlation with 691. CONCLUSION: The combined bioinformatics method integrating PCC, IDA, and Lasso might be a valuable method for miRNA target prediction, and dys-regulated expression of miRNAs and their potential targets might be prominently involved in the pathogenesis of STAD. Show more

Keywords: Stomach adenocarcinoma, ensemble method, miRNA targets

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170595

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 617-625, 2017

Authors: Wei, Yi-Sheng | Zhou, Ya-Guang | Wang, Guo-Ying | Liang, Zhi-Hua | Luo, Min-Rui | Yang, Tian-Ai | Huang, Jun

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The association of chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin and survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy is uncertain. We sought to explore the prognostic value of chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin in CRC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and the best cut point affecting prognosis. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty stage II and III CRC patients receiving adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy from March 2003 to March 2012 were enrolled. The associations between chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin (the absolute levels of post-chemotherapy) or chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin change (change between the pre- and post-chemotherapy hemoglobins) and disease free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) of CRC, …and the best cut point were investigated. RESULTS: Log rank test showed the best cut points for chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin and chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin change were respectively 90 g/L, 30 g/L. Cox regression model showed chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin < 90 g/L was the independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 2.221; 95% CI = 1.157–4.262), OS (HR, 2.058; 95% CI = 1.009–4.197), respectively, but no association of chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin change ⩾ 30g/L and DFS (HR, 2.063; 95% CI = 0.929–4.583), OS (HR, 1.386; 95% CI = 0.553–3.471) was found. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy-associated hemoglobin < 90 g/L has a significant prognostic value in CRC receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, which is a significant biomarker in the individualized management and may suggest the simple indication for the treatment of anemia in adjuvant chemotherapy in CRC. Show more

Keywords: Adjuvant chemotherapy, colorectal cancer, hemoglobin, disease free survival, overall survival

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170601

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 627-635, 2017

Authors: Majek, Pavel | Pecankova, Klara | Cermak, Jaroslav | Gasova, Zdenka | Prochazka, Bohumir | Dyr, Jan E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGOUND: It has been indicated in plasma proteomic studies on different myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cohorts that alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein could be a promising MDS biomarker candidate. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work was to estimate alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) plasma levels and its biomarker value in the low- and high-risk subgroups of MDS patients. METHODS: The level of AHSG was estimated for 115 plasma samples using ELISA. RESULTS: The AHSG plasma level was found to be decreased significantly (p = 2.59 × 10 - 7 …) in MDS patients (515 ± 58 μ g/ml) when compared to healthy controls (579 ± 64 μ g/ml). Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses showed that age is the principal factor affecting the AHSG plasma level, rather than risk/diagnosis in MDS. CONCLUSIONS: In this work we demonstrate that although the total plasma level of AHSG is decreased in myelodysplastic syndrome patients, in particular in advanced MDS, that decrease correlates more strongly with age than with diagnosis within our studied cohort. Thus, according to the AHSG data gathered so far, AHSG total plasma level does not seem to be a suitable MDS biomarker, but its particular proteoforms should be considered for the next steps in MDS research. Show more

Keywords: AHSG, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-170638

Citation: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 637-639, 2017