Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution - Volume 21, issue 6

Authors: Subramanian, V.

Article Type: Editorial

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240065

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. i-iv, 2024

Authors: Nik Yusoff, Nik Syamimi | Shakrin, Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed | Knight, Victor Feizal | Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz | Wan Yunus, Wan Md Zin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The study of heavy metal toxicity within the field of toxicology presents challenges due to the significant detrimental impact that even tiny quantities of these metals may have on living organisms. Hence, researchers need to choose an appropriate experimental model, that is safe, meets the needs of the experiment and most closely reflects the real toxicity effects on living things. This review focusses on the utilisation of in-vitro experimental models involving human cells to investigate the toxic effects of heavy metals. Specifically, it examines the cellular mechanisms, responses, oxidative stress, and genotoxicities associated with heavy metal exposure. The aforementioned …discoveries not only contribute to the understanding of the adverse health effects associated with excessive heavy metal exposure but also hold significant promise for developing targeted and efficient strategies to safeguard human and environmental health. Show more

Keywords: Human cell models, heavy metal, heavy metal research

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240066

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1-7, 2024

Authors: Venkatesan, G. | Sasikumar, S. | Karthick, P. | Balamurali, R.S.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Water is a precious and essential resource for sustaining life on Earth, and its economic importance cannot be overstated. Groundwater pollution can occur from a variety of sources, including industrial activities, agricultural practices, landfills, waste disposal sites, underground storage tanks, sewage treatment plants, septic systems and natural sources. With rapid growth in industrial sectors and population, the amount of waste and pollutants being discharged into the river has increased, causing adverse impacts on the ecosystem and human health. This review article summarises the different approaches utilised to assess the water quality and to examine the trace metal contamination in Cooum …river basin. This article highlights the challenges associated with assessing water quality in the Cooum River basin due to the high levels of pollution caused by anthropogenic activities such as industrialisation, urbanisation, and agricultural practices. The article reviews the chemical variation of pollutants and their seasonal effects, specifically focussing on the release of microplastics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals in water bodies. This article conducts a systematic analysis and summary of the physico-chemical properties of Cooum river. Further research on hydrochemistry will yield valuable information on water quality that can lead to effective water resource conservation. Overall, this review article provides a useful summary of the different approaches used to assess water quality and examine trace metal contamination in the Cooum River basin. It highlights the importance of continued research in this area to better understand the extent of pollution and its impact on the ecosystem and public health. Show more

Keywords: Cooum river, physico-chemical analysis, trace element concentration, seasonal variation, risk assessment

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240067

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 9-14, 2024

Authors: Palmares, Aaron Jan | Rongalirios, Jayme Jyles | Santos, Marticia | Siggaoat, Marc Joseph | Sucgang, Pauline Lourdes | Tipa, Nicole Niren | Adriane Torres, John Chrysler | Vasquez, Caroline Anne | Viernes, Angela Mae | Gellecanao, Francisco

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: Surface waters from estuaries were reported to disseminate antibiotic resistance (AR), particularly from faecal coliforms of human origin introduced via domestic wastewater and surface runoffs. Thus, this study aimed to determine the concentration and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from surface waters of selected estuaries in the City of Manila. From a total of 48 water samples collected from six estuaries over a two-month period, the estimated average concentration of E. coli and total coliform are 4.3 × 104 CFU/100 mL and 11.0 × 104 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Among the isolates, 14.6% were identified …as multidrug-resistant, while 6.3% were classified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Moreover, 18.8% of the isolates had a multiple antibiotic resistance index of ≥0.2. The findings indicate that AR E. coli contamination likely originates from human excretions, including those from informal settlements and hospital patients treated with multiple antibiotics. This makes these estuaries unsuitable for beneficial use due to the potential risk of exposure to MDR/ESBL E. coli and other faecal coliforms. Thus, urgent measures including law-enforced monitoring, management, rehabilitation, and education are necessary to curb faecal pollution and limit the spread of AR in these waters. Show more

Keywords: Estuary, coliform, Escherichia coli, antimicrobial resistance

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240068

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 15-22, 2024

Authors: Srivastava, Avijit N. | Purwar, Sankalp | Shah, Mihir | Singh, Geeta | Singh, S.K.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The depletion of natural resources due to the aggressive industrialisation in the last decades has brought considerable attention to research aimed at developing green and sustainable products using eco-friendly materials. Owing to their improved environmental sustainability and the ensuing decrease in carbon footprint, the utilisation of wood fibres to create biocomposites, known as Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs), is a well-researched topic in contemporary scientific research. The objective of the present investigation was to synthesise Wood Plastic Composites using Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) along with recycled HDPE and sawdust in five different tyre rubber concentrations (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%). …The WPCs composite tensile strength and hardness were observed to diminish as the GTR concentration increased, going from 11.9 to 7.63 MPa and 75–70 Shore D, respectively. Additionally, the density was found to increase from 1181 to 1261 kg/m3 . For this proportion of GTR, manufacturing conditions have little influence on the composite’s final characteristics in terms of strength and applicability. This work provides a reference for further research in related fields. Show more

Keywords: Wood plastic composite (WPC), ground tyre rubber (GTR), rubber-wood plastic composite (R-WPC), extrusion, high density polyethylene (HDPE)

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240069

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 23-29, 2024

Authors: Sellal, A. | Belattar, R. | Khither, H. | Boucheffa, S. | Touati, N. | Boussoualim, N. | Diafat, A.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential degree of Common reed (Pa) and Typha angustifolia (Ta) in the elimination of nitrate, total nitrogen and ortho-phosphate from wastewater using the sulfanilamide, Kjeldahl and ammonium molybdate methods, respectively. The results obtained show that aquatic plant species studied have a strong potential to reduce nitrate and total nitrogen charges from wastewater with rates of 62 and 61% respectively for the nitrate and 52% obtained with Typha angustifolia for the total nitrogen. For the orthophosphate, both plants always show a strong elimination effect with reduction rates of approximately …81 and 76%, respectively, compared to the positive control. In light of these results, treatment by plantation to eliminate nitrate, total nitrogen and orthophosphate represents a reliable and simple technology to operate. The research suggests that these particular plant species hold promise as a natural and cost-effective solution for reducing high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in polluted sites. Furthermore, their ability to remove these nutrients suggests potential for integration into wastewater treatment systems at wastewater treatment plants. This approach could improve treatment efficacy while reducing overall costs. Show more

Keywords: Common reed, Typha angustifolia, wastewater, pollution, phytoremediation

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240070

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 31-37, 2024

Authors: Ganesan, R. | Latha, A. | Kavitha, P. | Venkatesan, G.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This research work deals with the treatment of domestic wastewater by using novel Borassus flabellifer fiber and Cocos nucifera fiber. Both fibers act as filter media for the treatment process. It has been gradually the removal efficiency of bio-chemical oxygen demand. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy X-ray Dispersive, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis were done to characterise the novel fiber. The wastewater sample was analysed for BOD, COD, chloride, oil and grease, sulphate, total nitrogen, phosphate, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids. The sample was treated with natural fibrous materials as fixed aerated beds. The depth of …filter media was 15 cm for Borassus flabellifer fiber and Cocos nucifera fiber. When the process is done, the BOD removal percentage of novel Borassus flabellifer fiber is 90.71% and Cocos nucifera fiber is 66.60%. SPSS carried out has a significance of 0.224 (P < 0.5). The mean BOD values of groups 1 and 2 are 84.75 and 304.87, respectively. Similarly, the standard deviation is 0.35410 and 0.78486, respectively. The novel Borassus flabellifer would perform better BOD removal than Cocos nucifera . Show more

Keywords: Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera, wastewater, filtration, biochemical oxygen demand

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240071

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 39-47, 2024

Authors: Baig, Aamir | Goswami, Vibha | Sonal,

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: This work presents a detailed study of the effects of reaction parameters on the 7.5Ni-7.5La/Ce-Zr catalyst in catalytic steam reforming of ethanol (SRE). The study of the collective effect of reaction parameters on the product yield will help to design an efficient catalyst system for the reforming process. The catalyst morphology and properties were analysed by different techniques such as FESEM, XRD, BET, and TPR. The catalyst activity test was performed in a tubular reactor with different S/C ratios, temperatures, and flow rates. The catalyst showed an optimum hydrogen yield (3.8) and ethanol conversion (98 %) at a S/C ratio …of 4.5, a feed flow rate of 2.5 g/gcat-h, and a temperature of 600 °C. The exit flow rate of H2 is found to be 10 mmol/min at the same reaction condition. The present catalyst shows superior catalytic performance and resistance to carbon deposition during SRE. Show more

Keywords: Steam reforming, hydrogen yield, Ni-based catalyst, ethanol conversion

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240072

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 49-57, 2024

Authors: Singh, Abinash | Surjan, Balwinder Singh

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: System stability and power quality are the most incredibly essential requirements of a power system. Renewable Energy sources of electricity help in meeting the load demands of consumers in a clean and efficient manner. Microgrids and FACTS devices are used as environmentally friendly solutions to feed customers while preserving the stability of the power supply. This research work presents a stability examination of a distribution system having a microgrid with and without GUPFC under various fault conditions like LG and LL faults. The simulation results obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK for such arrangements are presented in this work. It is found that …Microgrid makes the power system more environment friendly and GUPFC successfully mitigates voltage sag occurring during fault conditions and helps in performance enhancement of the system by improving frequency and ISE. Show more

Keywords: Power system stability, renewable rnergy, microgrid (MG), FACTS, fault, GUPFC

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240073

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 59-67, 2024

Authors: Aljeboree, Aseel M. | Hussein, Uday Abdul-Reda | Abed Jawad, Mohammed | Abdulridui, Hussam Abdali | Shaheen, Buthaina Shabaan | Ibraheam, Israa Adnan | Alkaim, Ayad F.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: In this study, leaves from perennial plants, Ricinus communis , RC was used. It’s a natural form without any chemical treatments. The obtained powders are characterised by utilising several methods like (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy, EFSEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. The adsorption system is one of the most significant ways to eliminate contaminants such as brilliant blue and BB dye from aqueous solutions, depending on several factors that can be affected by the adsorption process, like contact time, where the best equilibrium time was after 1 hr. The effect of the adsorbent dosage from 0.025 g/100 mL to 0.12 g/100 mL …that was found when weight increased removal percentage increased from 63.34% to 96.54% respectively. On the contrary, the adsorption efficiency decreased from 95.12 mg/g to 40.56 mg/g, the effect concentration of BB dye from 10 mg/L to 100 mg/L was found with an increased concentration of BB dye, the adsorption capacity increased from 10.23 mg/g to 62.56 mg/g, respectively, the effect of pH of solution (3.00-10.00) and the best adsorption efficiency found at pH = 6.00. A comparison was also made between natural Ricinus communis , RC and natural fruits Ricinus communis , FRC , activated untreated-acid Ricinus communis Pericarp, ARC and acidic-treated Ricinus communis pericarp, ACRC . Also, adsorption isotherms were studied for both Langmuir and Freundlich models, It was found that results followed Freundlich isotherm by depending on the value of (r 2 = 0.9559) and also on heterogeneous surfaces. The thermodynamic parameters studies find the sorption BB dye was negative by the value of Gibbs free energy which means the process is (spontaneous), While enthalpy changes are positive (endothermic). The values of the positive of ΔS are not very large and agree with the decrease in the degree of freedom. The performance and reuse of RC by using 0.01 N HCl in the adsorption process of dyes were investigated up to 6 cycle under best conditions. Results showed that the surface of RC has biological activity against the Gram-negative bacteria compared to the Gram-positive bacteria with an inhibition area (20 mm). Show more

Keywords: Adsorption, removal, brilliant blue, dye, thermodynamic, isotherm model

DOI: 10.3233/AJW240074

Citation: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 69-76, 2024