Searching for just a few words should be enough to get started. If you need to make more complex queries, use the tips below to guide you.
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Zarkou, Anastasiaa; * | Field-Fote, Edelle C.a; b; c
Affiliations: [a] Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory, Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA, USA | [b] Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA | [c] Program in Applied Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence: Anastasia Zarkou, PT, PhD, Spinal Cord Injury Research Laboratory, Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, 2020 Peachtree Road NW, Atlanta, GA 30309-1465, USA. Tel.: +1 404 603 4200; Fax: +1 404 350 7596; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: BACKGROUND:A number of physiological and atmospheric variables are believed to increase spasticity in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) based on self-reported measures, however, there is limited objective evidence about the influence of these variables on spasticity. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship between physiological/ atmospheric variables and level of spasticity in individuals with SCI. METHODS:In 53 participants with motor-incomplete SCI, we assessed the influence of age, time since injury, sex, injury severity, neurological level of injury, ability to walk, antispasmodic medication use, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure on quadriceps spasticity. Spasticity was assessed using the pendulum test first swing excursion (FSE). To categorize participants based on spasticity severity, we performed cluster analysis. We used multivariate stepwise regression to determine variables associated with spasticity severity level. RESULTS:Three spasticity groups were identified based on spasticity severity level: low, moderate, and high. The regression analysis revealed that only walking ability and temperature were significantly related to spasticity severity. CONCLUSIONS:These outcomes validate the self-reported perception of people with SCI that low temperatures worsen spasticity. The findings refine prior evidence that people with motor-incomplete SCI have higher levels of spasticity, showing that those with sufficient motor function to walk have the highest levels of spasticity.
Keywords: Paraplegia, spasms, stiffness, temperature, tetraplegia, walking
DOI: 10.3233/NRE-201625
Journal: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 353-363, 2021
IOS Press, Inc.
6751 Tepper Drive
Clifton, VA 20124
USA
Tel: +1 703 830 6300
Fax: +1 703 830 2300
[email protected]
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to [email protected]
IOS Press
Nieuwe Hemweg 6B
1013 BG Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 688 3355
Fax: +31 20 687 0091
[email protected]
For editorial issues, permissions, book requests, submissions and proceedings, contact the Amsterdam office [email protected]
Inspirees International (China Office)
Ciyunsi Beili 207(CapitaLand), Bld 1, 7-901
100025, Beijing
China
Free service line: 400 661 8717
Fax: +86 10 8446 7947
[email protected]
For editorial issues, like the status of your submitted paper or proposals, write to [email protected]
如果您在出版方面需要帮助或有任何建, 件至: [email protected]