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Issue title: Pediatric Brain Injury and Recovery
Guest editors: Peter D. Patrickx and Ronald C. Savagey
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Hawley, Carol A.
Affiliations: Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. Tel.: +44 2476 522459; Fax: +44 2476 524963; E-mail: [email protected] | [x] University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA | [y] North American Brain Injury Society, Chairman, International Pediatric, Brain Injury Society, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Abstract: Children with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have difficulties in adjusting to their injury and altered abilities, and may be at risk of low self-esteem and loss of confidence. However, few studies have examined self-esteem in this client group. The current study measured the self-esteem of a group of children who were, on average, two years post-TBI and compared this to their performance on other psychometric measures. Participants were 96 children with TBI and 31 peer controls, their parents and teachers. Self-esteem was measured using the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (CSEI). CSEI scores were compared with performance on Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC-III), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Children's Memory Scale (CMS), Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS) and Parental Stress Index (PSI). Self-esteem was highly correlated with IQ; HADS anxiety and depression; and parental stress (p < 0.001). Children with TBI had significantly lower self-esteem than controls and population norms (p = 0.015). Many children with TBI demonstrate low self-esteem and this is closely linked with anxiety and depression. This may hamper academic performance and could lead to further psychosocial problems. It is recommended that self-esteem is routinely assessed after brain injury and rehabilitation strategies implemented to promote a sense of self-worth.
Keywords: Self-esteem, paediatrics, brain injury, stress
DOI: 10.3233/NRE-2012-0742
Journal: NeuroRehabilitation, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 173-181, 2012
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