Affiliations: [a] Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA | [b] Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA | Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Dr. Gay Holstein, Box 1140, Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel.: +1 212 241 7072; Fax: +1 212 987 3937; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: The vestibular system senses the movement and position of the head in space and uses this information to stabilize vision, control posture, perceive head orientation and self-motion in three-dimensional space, and modulate autonomic and limbic activity in response to locomotion and changes in posture. Most vestibular signals are not consciously perceived and are usually appreciated through effector pathways classically described as the vestibulo-ocular, vestibulo-spinal, vestibulo-collic and vestibulo-autonomic reflexes. The present study reviews some of the recent data concerning the connectivity and chemical anatomy of vestibular projections to autonomic sites that are important in the sympathetic control of blood pressure.
Keywords: Vestibular nuclei, vestibulo-sympathetic pathways, vestibulo-sympathetic reflex, vestibulo-autonomic control
