Affiliations: [a] Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Science University, Ankara, Turkey | [b] Faculty of Education, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey | [c] Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey | [d] Kemal Demir School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey | [e] Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
Correspondence:
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Corresponding author: Necmiye Ün Yıldırım, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Science University, 06010 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain in wheelchair (WC) basketball players is common. Yet there was no scale to define shoulder pain. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to develop a shoulder pain scale for WC basketball players. METHODS: A five-step procedure was followed: Identifying the feature, writing down the items and drafting the form, formulating the final form, pre-pilot-pilot implementation, and validity-reliability analyses. The final form of the scale consisted of 15 items about self-care and sport-specific activities. RESULTS: External factor analysis showed that the scale had a two-factor structure which is “Shoulder Pain during Sports” and “Shoulder Pain during Self-care Activities”. Pre-rotation results of factor analysis showed that if all of the items were loaded on the first factor, it would have an eigenvalue more than 7 times larger than the eigenvalue of the second factor. Therefore, it can be concluded that the scale can be used as a one-dimensional scale. The Cronbach’s Alpha values were found to be 0.94 and 0.92 for the shoulder pain factor during sports and self-care activities, respectively. Total value was found to be 0.95. The corrected item-total correlation values were all above 0.60. CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed valid, reliable scale allows assessment of the shoulder pain of WC basketball players.
