Affiliations: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA | Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Note: [] Address for correspondence: Dr. Robert L. Sah, Department of Bioengineering, Mail Code 0412, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA. Tel.: +1 858 534 0821; Fax: +1 858 822 1614; E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: The boundary lubrication function of articular cartilage is mediated in part by molecules at the articular surface and in synovial fluid, encoded by Prg4. The objective of this study was to determine whether static and dynamic compression regulate PRG4 biosynthesis by cartilage explants. Articular cartilage disks were harvested to include the articular surface from immature bovines. Some disks were subjected to 24 h (day 1) of loading, followed by 72 h (days 2–4) of free-swelling culture to assess chondrocyte responses following unloading. Loading consisted of 6 or 100 kPa of static compression, with or without superimposed dynamic compression (10 or 300 kPa peak amplitude, 0.01 Hz). Other disks were cultured free-swelling as controls. PRG4 secretion into culture medium was inhibited by all compression protocols during day 1. Following unloading, cartilage previously subjected to dynamic compression to 300 kPa exhibited a rebound effect, secreting more PRG4 than did controls, while cartilage previously subjected to 100 kPa static loading secreted less PRG4. Immunohistochemistry revealed that all compression protocols also affected the number of cells expressing PRG4. The paradigm that mechanical stimuli regulate biosynthesis in cartilage appears operative not only for load bearing matrix constituents, but also for PRG4 molecules mediating lubrication.
