The commercially available oral rinse vs. curcumin photosensitizers in an artificial mouth model mimicking their use after meals on early colonizers single species biofilm: An in vitro study

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Zeeshan, Tayyaba^{a; *} | Qamar, Zeeshan^b | Abdul, Nishath Sayed^c | Soman, Cristalle^d | Bamousa, Badr^e | Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena^{f; *} | Cicciù, Marco^g | Minervini, Giuseppe^h

Affiliations: [a] Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | [b] Department O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | [c] Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | [d] Department of OMFS & DOS, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | [e] Department of Periodontology, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | [f] Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy | [g] Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy | [h] Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding authors: Tayyaba Zeeshan, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiaand. E-mail: [email protected]. Maria Maddalena, Marrapodi, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Commercially available oral rinses contain active ingredients with concentration that is claimed by manufacturers to be effective as antiplaque agent. To date there has been no mention of the effect of oral rinse on the adherence of early plaque colonizers in plaque formation and the concentration to be used before/after meals. OBJECTIVE: The chief aim of the study was to evaluate microbial retention on the salivary pellicle on treatment with oral rinses (CHX & EO)/PS (mimicking after meals use of mouth wash/PS). METHODS: Noordini’s Artifical Mouth model was used for developing the single species biofilm with early microbial colonizers of oral biofilm (A. viscosus, Strep. mitis and Strep. sanguinis respectively). The microbial retention on use of oral rinses comprising of CHX and EO as an active ingredients respectively was compared with Curcumin PS. For evaluating the microbial retention, the pellicle with microbial inoculation was developed on the glass beads in the mouth model. Subsequently the respective single specie biofilm was exposed to the mouth wash and PS after inoculation. It mimicked as use of mouth wash/PS after meals. The bacterial count in the dental biofilm was evaluated on serial dilution (CFU/ml). Sterile deionized water was used as a negative control. For qualitative analysis, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the microbial count. RESULTS: From the data it was observed that for the treatment of single species experimental biofilm with commercially available mouth rinses (CHX & EO) and PS (curcumin), there was significant retention for S.mitis, S.sanguinis and A.viscosus. There was no significant difference observed between PS and CHX treated single species biofilm. Whereas a significant difference was observed between EO treated biofilms and CHX/PS treated biofilms (p⩽ 0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the results that curcumin PS and CHX should not be used after meals whereas EO containing mouth rinse can be used to maintain the oral mocroflora.

Keywords: Bacterial retention, essential oils, chlorhexidine gluconate, curcumin photosensitizer

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231814

Journal: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 2685-2696, 2024