The Mediterranean Diet in the era of globalization: The need to support knowledge of healthy dietary factors in the new socio-economical framework

Abstract

The term “Mediterranean Diet” (Med Diet) refers to human practices, including agriculture, fishing and nutrition that have been associated with a healthy life and considered by the UNESCO as Intangible Heritage of Humanity. This millennial lifestyle is characterised by the production of agro foods through sustainable agricultural practices, respectful of the seasonality, fishing-following the natural cycle of fish proliferation and growth, cooking systems as well as the time of food intake during the day. In terms of nutrition, the Med Diet is centred on the consumption of whole grains, olive oil, legumes, fish, fruits and vegetables, including aromatic herbs. A combination of these foods provides a perfect balance between macro- and micronutrients, which are functional for the control of the glycaemic index, protection against oxidative stress and normalization of blood lipid levels. These effects result in a lower incidence of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. As the pressure of globalization puts at a risk of extinction the cultural background of the Med Diet and hampers its transfer to future generations, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the Med Diet is presented. In order to support this alimentary tradition, some suggestions are proposed as well.