Tumour lysis syndrome in a neonate with transient abnormal myelopoiesis

Article type: Case Report

Authors: Mohammad Khuzaini, A.^{a; b; *} | Mohd Baharudin, J.A.^{a; b} | Md Fauzi, A.^{c; d} | Zulkeflee, H.A.^{c; d} | Abdul Halim, H.^{a; b} | Mazli, S.K.^{a; b} | Osman, N.F.B.^b

Affiliations: [a] Paediatric Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam, Nilai, Malaysia | [b] Paediatric Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Malaysia | [c] Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam, Nilai, Malaysia | [d] Haematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Malaysia

Correspondence: [*] Address for correspondence: Aliyyah Mohammad Khuzaini, MBChB (Bristol), MRCPCH (UK), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains Kesihatan, Persiaran Ilmu, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Tel.: +60132134616; E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency associated with hematological malignancies or highly proliferative solid tumors, commonly after chemotherapy. It is rarely associated with transient abnormal myelopoiesis. OBSERVATION: We report a rare case of a neonate with transient abnormal myelopoiesis and tumor lysis syndrome, complicated with concomitant heart failure due to an underlying atrioventricular septal defect. Hyperhydration was contraindicated due to heart failure. The patient was managed conservatively with full recovery. CONCLUSION: Tumor lysis syndrome should be suspected in neonates with transient abnormal myelopoiesis with electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment options should be considered carefully for their risks and benefits.

Keywords: Down syndrome, transient abnormal myelopoiesis, tumor lysis syndrome

DOI: 10.3233/NPM-230146

Journal: Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 269-273, 2024