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Article type: Research Article
Authors: Zakaria, Aliya Syaffaa | Shafi, Muhammad Ammara; * | Mohd Zim, Mohd Arifb | Musa, Aisya Natasyac
Affiliations: [a] Department of Technology and Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia | [b] Consultant Pulmonologist & Internal Medicine, Damansara Specialist Hospital 2, Bukit Lanjan, Kuala Lumpur | [c] Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor
Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author. Muhammad Ammar Shafi, Department of Technology and Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract: Lung cancer constituted 12.2% of newly diagnosed cancer cases globally in 2020. The high fatality rate of the condition is attributed to delayed diagnosis and inadequate symptom recognition. In Malaysia, the incidence of lung cancer is estimated to be 1 in 60 males and 1 in 138 females, with a median age of 70 years or above. Most lung cancer cases were detected during advanced stages, specifically stages III and IV, with a prevalence exceeding 90% for both genders. In Malaysia, most patients are diagnosed in stages III and IV, which are associated with a lower likelihood of long-term survival. Many cases are identified at a late stage, characterized by significant tumor expansion or the spread of cancer cells to areas that cannot be treated surgically. Malaysians are unaware of cancer symptoms; hence the situation is common. To improve survival and reduce mortality, Malaysians must recognize the symptoms of lung cancer. Fuzzy linear regression and multiple linear regression models have been compared to predict high-risk lung cancer symptoms in Malaysia. The fuzzy linear regression model analyses secondary data, eliminates irrelevant information and enhances precision in the results. Lung cancer patients at Al-Sultan Abdullah Hospital (UiTM Hospital) in Selangor provided data for this study. Data from 124 lung cancer patients were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, and MATLAB. To improve data accuracy, the study used cross-validation measurement error (MSE and RMSE). According to data analysis, hemoptysis and chest pain are high-risk symptoms with MSE and RMSE values of 1.549 and 1.245, respectively.
Keywords: Lung cancer, symptoms of lung cancer, fuzzy linear regression, prediction data, statistical error
DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-233714
Journal: Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 7959-7968, 2024
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