Multifactorial Causation of Alzheimer’s Disease Due to COVID-19

Article type: Review Article

Authors: Monllor, Paloma^{a; b; 1} | Kumar, Pratyush^{c; 1} | Lloret, Mari-Ángeles^d | Ftara, Artemis^a | Leon, Jose-Luis^e | Lopez, Begoña^f | Cervera-Ferri, Ana^g | Lloret, Ana^{a; *}

Affiliations:

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Ana Lloret, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain. E-mail: [email protected].

Note: [1] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: There are several implications of the surge in the incidence of pandemics and epidemics in the last decades. COVID-19 being the most remarkable one, showed the vulnerability of patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review studies the pathological interlinks and triggering factors between the two illnesses and proposes a multifactorial pathway of AD causation due to COVID-19. The article evaluates and describes all the postulated hypotheses which explain the etiology and possible pathogenesis of the disease in four domains: Inflammation & Neurobiochemical interactions, Oxidative Stress, Genetic Factors, and Social Isolation. We believe that a probable hypothesis of an underlying cause of AD after COVID-19 infection could be the interplay of all these factors.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, inflammation, oxidative stress, SarsCoV-2 infection, social isolation

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-230396

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 1399-1409, 2023