Evaluation of Color Preference in Zebrafish for Learning and Memory

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Avdesh, Avdesh^{a; c; d} | Martin-Iverson, Mathew T.^{a; b; c} | Mondal, Alinda^d | Chen, Mengqi^{a; d} | Askraba, Sreten^g | Morgan, Newman^h | Lardelli, Michael^h | Groth, David M.ⁱ | Verdile, Giuseppe^{a; c} | Martins, Ralph N.^{a; c; d; e; f; *}

Affiliations: [a] Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia | [b] School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia | [c] Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Graylands Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia | [d] McCusker Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia | [e] School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia | [f] School of Medical sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia | [g] Electron Science Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia | [h] Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, WA, Australia | [i] School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia

Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Prof. Ralph N. Martins, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. Tel: +61 8 6304 5456; Fax: +61 8 6304 5851; E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract: There is growing interest in using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. A zebrafish model of tauopathies has recently been developed and characterized in terms of presence of the pathological hallmarks (i.e., neurofibrillary tangles and cell death). However, it is also necessary to validate these models for function by assessing learning and memory. The majority of tools to assess memory and learning in animal models involve visual stimuli, including color preference. The color preference of zebrafish has received little attention. To validate zebrafish as a model for color-associated-learning and memory, it is necessary to evaluate its natural preferences or any pre-existing biases towards specific colors. In the present study, we have used four different colors (red, yellow, green, and blue) to test natural color preferences of the zebrafish using two procedures: Place preference and T-maze. Results from both experiments indicate a strong aversion toward blue color relative to all other colors (red, yellow, and green) when tested in combinations. No preferences or biases were found among reds, yellows, and greens in the place preference procedure. However, red and green were equally preferred and both were preferred over yellow by zebrafish in the T-maze procedure. The results from the present study show a strong aversion towards blue color compared to red, green, and yellow, with yellow being less preferred relative to red and green. The findings from this study may underpin any further designing of color-based learning and memory paradigms or experiments involving aversion, anxiety, or fear in the zebrafish.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, color preference, learning and memory, place preference, T-maze, zebrafish

DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2011-110704

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 459-469, 2012