Affiliations: [a] Biomechanics/Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of
Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State University,
Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA | [b] University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881,
USA | [c] School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies,
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
Note: [] a
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of no-error
knowledge of results (KR) and relative frequency of feedback on the performance
and retention of an isokinetic, internal shoulder rotation exercise. Males
(N =32), who were free of any shoulder injuries, uninvolved
in organized athletics, and unfamiliar with isokinetic testing; performed 90
acquisition trials over a period of three days at 70% after the last
acquisition session followed a 10-trial delayed retention test. Participants
received error KR in either a 10% bandwidth, yoked, verbal 100% KR condition.
Retention results revealed that participants in the 10% bandwidth and yoked
conditions performed more consistently than both of the 100% to be more
accurate than their yoked counterparts. Our findings support previous research
and provide empirical support for using reduced amounts of extrinsic feedback
when learning a sub-maximal, isokinetic strength task.
