Clinicopathological significance of matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein expression in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A case-control study and meta-analysis

Article type: Research Article

Authors: Liu, Qian^a | Zhang, Guang-Wei^a | Zhu, Chao-Yang^{a; *} | Wei, Jin-Xing^b | Tian, Xin^a | Li, Yang^a | Li, Xiao-Dong^a

Affiliations: [a] Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China | [b] Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Chao-Yang Zhu, Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Ximen Da Street No 115, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China. Tel.: +86 378 23906692; E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous previous studies explored the influence of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expressions on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet inconsistent results were reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to derive a more precise estimation of the associations between MMP-2 and RCC. METHODS: A total of 115 patients with RCC were selected; meanwhile, 45 patients with traumatic rupture of renal cysts or renal calculi were recruited and normal kidney tissues were collected as control group. The expression level of MMP-2 protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry. A meta-analysis was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 (CMA 2.0). RESULTS: The positive expression rate of MMP-2 protein in the RCC tissues was evidently higher than that in the normal renal tissues (P < 0.001). The positive expression rate of MMP-2 protein in patients with tumor size > 5 cm, with lymph node metastasis (LNM), with well-differentiated RCC, and stage III-IV RCC was significantly higher, compared with the patients with tumor size ≤ 5 cm, without LNM, with moderate/low-differentiated RCC, and with stage I-II RCC, respectively (all P < 0.05). There was statistical significance in the 5-year survival rate between the patients with positive MMP-2 protein expression and those with negative MMP-2 protein expression (P = 0.037). These results were further confirmed by the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: MMP-2 protein expression is significantly associated with historical grade, TNM stage, tumor size and LNM in RCC, suggesting that MMP-2 may serve as a biological marker for the prognosis in RCC.

Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, matrix metalloproteinase 2, clinicopathological features, prognosis, survival rate, immunohistochemistry

DOI: 10.3233/CBM-150566

Journal: Cancer Biomarkers, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 281-289, 2016