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Issue title: Relationships among cognitive, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Article type: Research Article
Authors: Friedman, J.H.
Affiliations: Movement Disorders Program, Butler Hospital, Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Tel.: +1 401 455 6669; Fax: +1 401 455 6670; E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Psychotic symptoms are common in drug treated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Visual hallucinations occur in about 30% and delusions, typically paranoid in nature, occur in about 5%. These problems, particularly the delusions, cause great distress for patient and caregivers, and are among the most important precipitants for nursing home placement. Psychotic symptoms carry a poor prognosis. They often herald dementia, and are associated with increased mortality. These symptoms often abate with medication reductions, but this may not be tolerated due to worsened motor function. Only clozapine has level A evidence to support its use in PD patients with psychosis (PDP), whether demented or not. While quetiapine has been recommended by the American Academy of Neurology for "consideration," double blind placebo controlled trials have demonstrated safety but not efficacy. Other antipsychotic drugs have been reported to worsen motor function and data on the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors is limited. PDP remains a serious problem with limited treatment options.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, atypical antipsychotic drugs, neuroleptics, parkinsonism, paranoia
DOI: 10.3233/BEN-129016
Journal: Behavioural Neurology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 469-477, 2013
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