Abstract: This research delves into the intricate control mechanisms governing renewable energy sources through the application of three distinct DC-DC converter technologies: the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar can be pivotal in the future and become the primary source of energy for global energy requirements. Renewable sources are pollution-free and have minimal impact on the environment. This research illuminates the efficacy of these converters in orchestrating the optimal utilization of renewable energy sources, offering valuable contributions to the advancement of sustainable power systems. Open and closed loop control of a buck converter is studied along with its operation for the voltage regulation of an emulated PV panel. For the boost converter, a comprehensive exploration ensues through two closed-loop control methods: Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and the incremental conductance method. Simulations are meticulously executed in MATLAB Simulink, interfacing with PV arrays and directing power toward battery charging. Meanwhile, the buck-boost converter undergoes simulation and evaluation, fed by a DC source and delivering power to a resistive load. Experimental validation is conducted for the buck converter, providing tangible insights into real-world performance. Conventional sources, primarily coal, which is the most used source of energy in Asian countries, including India, have adverse effects on the environment. Coal contributes to a huge proportion of pollutants in the environment and also the release of large quantities of greenhouse gases. Renewable energy resources can play a huge role in addressing the energy demands of Asian countries. They hold the ability to alleviate the environmental burden caused by conventional energy sources. Renewable energy sources also mitigate pollution and eliminate various hazardous effects of conventional energy sources. This study emphasises the adoption of such sources and underscores the pivotal role of DC-DC converter technologies in this adoption.
