Affiliations: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Sudirman Denpasar Campus, Bali, Indonesia
| Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Bukit Jimbaran Campus, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
| Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
Abstract: Studies on ambient PM2.5 exposure and AURI and ALRI in regions such as South and South-East Asia, where levels of PM2.5 are among the highest, are limited. We assessed the associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure and AURI and ALRI in children under the age of 5 years from South and Southeast Asia. We identified subjects from the demographic health survey (DHS). We retrieved PM2.5 information from the Atmospheric Compositional Analysis Group. Annual mean levels of PM2.5 ranged from 21.3 to 73.2 μg/m3. We performed the meta-analytical approach to obtain the pooled results. Our initial results show an association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and AURI (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) but not ALRI (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.09). However, after controlling for indoor SHS, effect estimates became stronger for AURI and ALRI (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04-1.54 and OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.44) compared to the uncontrolled group. Our study shows an association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and the prevalence of AURI and ALRI in children under the age of 5 years from South and Southeast Asia. Promoting awareness of air pollution in line with the implementation and monitoring of relevant policies is crucial in establishing clean air and health.
