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Price: EUR 250.00Authors: Harris, Gregory E. | Watson, James R. | Li, Alan Tai-Wai | Ibáñez-Carrasco, Francisco | Muchenje, Marvelous | Demetrakopoulos, Ana Sophia | McGee, A. | Chambers, Lori | Ceranto, Andre | Cumby, Chris | Liddell, Michael
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a large number of people live with HIV, it is worthwhile to examine the integration of this group in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how the operationalization of GIPA/MEPA supports workplace policies and practices for PLHIV. The study aims to explore what is being offered to support PLHIV in community-based agencies and what can be done to enhance the offerings. METHODS: For this community-based research, 2 bilingual online surveys were sent to 150 Canadian organizations that work closely with PLHIV or offer support to them. One of the surveys was for …Executive Directors of these organizations while the other was sent to peers; i.e. PLHIV whose job is to offer services to PLHIV. Questions in the surveys varied between open-ended, binary, and Likert. RESULTS: GIPA/MEPA are implemented in most organizations and Executive Directors affirmed that PLHIV and their impacts on the workplace are valued. There is a consensus among Executive Directors that formal support is provided but most respondents argued that this support is not specific for PLHIV. More than half of respondents were either unaware or uncertain about the existence of informal support. Peer-employees claimed that one of the challenges of disclosing HIV to receive peer support is that they may face stigma. CONCLUSION: The application of GIPA/MEPA results in positive outcomes in the workplace. The study emphasizes the need to facilitate access to informal support. Show more
Keywords: HIV, workplace support, peer support, labor force participation, mental health, community-based research
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230289
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Garg, Mudit | Das, Gurumukh | Vuppuluri, Prem Prakash
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitatively analyzing the impact of UV radiation and noise during welding operations is essential to assess the exposure, identify potential hazards, and develop targeted safety protocols to ensure worker safety and adherence to safety regulations, especially in developing countries with inadequate adherence to safety standards and resources. OBJECTIVES: This study employs machine learning for predicting ultraviolet radiation and noise levels during welding, emphasizing worker safety. The focus is on the Indian foundry sector to gauge actual exposure vis-á-vis safety standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultraviolet radiation and noise emitted during the welding of …a ferrous alloy were collected from three foundries in Agra, India. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied for data analysis and prediction of UV radiation and noise levels, and a relative performance comparison was carried out on the compiled data against safety standards. RESULTS: Out of all the ML algorithms applied, the Support Vector Machine regression algorithm (RMSE = 356.93) obtained the best performance on UV radiation data, and the Random Forest algorithm (RMSE = 11.4) was found to give the best results for the noise level prediction task. CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the first known application of machine learning techniques for predicting UV radiation and noise levels in arc welding processes. The results show the efficacy of algorithms such as SVM regression and Random Forest for the problem. Further, the datasets and ML algorithms implemented in the work will be made openly available to support further research endeavors in this and related areas. Show more
Keywords: Welding, Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, occupational noise, safety, health, machine learning, industry
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230465
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Erden, Dilek
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is extremely important for nursing students to be professionally motivated to train qualified future professional nurses. Students’ vocational motivation is affected by their experiences in clinical and academic learning environments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the vocational motivation levels of nursing students and their attitudes toward clinical practice. METHODS: 292 nursing students participated in the cross-sectional, descriptive study. The Student Information Form, Nursing Students’ Attitudes Towards Clinical Practices Scale, Motivation Sources and Problems Scale (MSPS) were used to gather the data. RESULTS: …The average score for students’ attitudes toward clinical practice was 107.08±18.13, while the total score for MSPS stood at 3.80±0.63. A positive correlation was identified between the attitude toward clinical practice and vocational motivation levels (r = 0.367; p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between the intrinsic motivation (r = 0.572; p < 0.001) and extrinsic motivation (r = 0.58; p < 0.001), and negative correlations were observed between the negative motivation (r = -0.324; p < 0.001) and the attitude toward clinical practice scale. There were positive correlations between belief and expectation (r = 0.492; p < 0.001) and positive approach (r = 0.532; p < 0.001) with the MSPS. In the multiple regression analysis, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, satisfaction with studying nursing, and participation in vocational courses were determined as effective predictors of attitudes towards clinical practice and explained 60.4% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that nursing students’ attitudes toward clinical practices affect vocational motivation. Clinical learning environments should be arranged in a way to increase the motivation level of students towards professional learning. Show more
Keywords: Attitude, clinical practice, clinical mentoring, nursing education, nursing students, vocational motivation
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230492
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Lucas, Ruan Eduardo Carneiro | da Silva, Luiz Bueno | de Souza, Erivaldo Lopes | Leite, Wilza Karla dos Santos | da Silva, Jonhatan Magno Norte
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Educational environments can have environmental conditions that are incompatible with the needs of students, compromising their well-being and affecting their performance. OBJECTIVE: To identify the environmental variables that influence the performance of university students and measure this influence through an experiment in indoor environments. METHODS: The study applied an experimental methodology for three consecutive days in seven educational environments located in different regions of Brazil, measuring the environ-mental conditions, the students’ perception of the environment, and their cognitive performance. The impact of environmental variables and environmental perception on student performance was analyzed …using Generalized Linear Models and a Structural Equation Model. RESULTS: Students who took the test at air temperatures between 22.4°C and 24.7°C had a 74.20% chance of performing better than those outside this range. Air temperatures between 26.2°C and 29°C were associated with an 86% chance of taking less time to complete the test. High illuminance levels increased the chance of taking longer to answer the test by 41.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Three environmental variables (relative humidity, lighting and air temperature) and two perceptual dimensions (light and thermal perception) directly influence student performance. Show more
Keywords: Students, classroom, indoor environments, environmental variables, perception, performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220055
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Ichikura, Kanako | Fukase, Yuko | Asada, Fuminari | Hino, Ayako | Tanoue, Asuka | Murase, Hanako | Shimazu, Akihito | Tagaya, Hirokuni
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic could have led to a technological revolution however it has caused work productivity loss, especially among people working from home. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the frequency and related factors of work productivity loss, focusing on work-related factors, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of Japanese workers. Questionnaires were distributed using snowball sampling through e-mail and social networking sites. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 708 non-medical workers reported subjective work productivity loss during the first wave of …the pandemic, compared with before. A multiple regression analysis showed that living with preschool-age children, having poor mental health, not using video conferencing solutions, and increased e-mail communication were related to work productivity loss. A subgroup analysis of those working from home showed similar variables associated with work productivity loss. CONCLUSIONS: More than 70% of workers in Japan experienced work productivity loss during the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, factors such as time-consuming tasks or background distractions might lead to operational inefficacy. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, infections, efficiency, teleworking, mental health, family characteristics
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230415
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Shrimal, Pragya Jain | Maharana, Satyapriya | Dave, Anupama | Metri, Kashinath G. | Raghuram, Nagarathna | Shrimal, Shivendra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health Care Professionals (HCPs) working on the frontlines of health care emergencies/pandemics often experience elevated anxiety, stress and reduced quality of sleep. Yoga is a mind-body practice that has been proven to effective in improving physical and mental health. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated Yoga intervention on mental health measures and sleep quality among HCPs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: It was a quasi-experimental study on 110 HCPs, including Doctors and nursing staff, with an age range of 20 to 65 years who were recruited through a convenience sampling …method and assigned to a Yoga group (n = 55) or a control group (n = 55).The Yoga group received a weekly one-hour Yoga session followed by a 30-minute self-practice three times a week at home for one month. The control group followed routine activity. Heart rate (HR), Blood Pressure, stress measures (Perceived Stress and visual analogue Scale for Stress), COVID-related anxiety, Sleep Quality, Quality of life and Preservative Thinking were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A significant decrease in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, and perseverative thinking was noticed in the Yoga group. Sleep quality and quality of life also improved significantly. The control group showed no significant change. At one month, the Yoga group showed significantly greater improvement in stress measures, COVID-19-related anxiety and fear, perseverative thinking, sleep quality and quality of life compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Yoga practice during the public health crisis would help reduce anxiety and stress and improve sleep among HCPs. Further, RCT studies are warranted. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, healthcare, sleep, mind-body medicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230061
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Bingöl, Ümran | Kutlu, Adalet
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to identify the hazards encountered by nurses before and after COVID-19, assess the potential risks and risk levels, take measures for the identified hazards and risks, and determine the effect of risk management on employee performance evaluation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hazard and risk management of nurses before and after COVID-19 on performance evaluation. METHODS: The study consisted of two stages. The first stage had a descriptive design, while the second stage had a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The second …stage of the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 377 nurses who agreed to participate in the study in the first stage and 201 nurses in the second stage. The study data was collected via Information Form, Hazard and Risk Identification Form, and Employee Performance Scale (EPS). In the second stage of the study, training was provided using instruction cards called “Means of Protection Against Hazards and Risks” for potential moderate- and high-level hazards and risks existing after the pre-test. The post-test stage was conducted two weeks after the training. Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses of descriptive statistics RESULTS: The mean EPS score was found to be pre training 3,85±0,60 after training \it was was found to be 3.92±0.55. Moreover, there was a weak negative correlation between pre- and post-training risk levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Hazard and risk management training had a positive effect on the performance of employees. Show more
Keywords: Nurse, hazard, risk management, COVID-19, employee performance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230285
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Alsobhi, Mashael | Aldhabi, Rawan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hajj is a series of rituals that are done in specific areas and periods in Mecca. Performing Hajj requires a great amount of physical demand which may result in musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in different age groups. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of MSP and understand its pattern via exploring the factors that could be associated with muscular pain among pilgrims in the 2022 Hajj. METHODS: A web-based survey was distributed during the annual Hajj mass gathering. Pilgrims were recruited from Hajj ritual sites. The collected data included demographics, musculoskeletal …pain at ten anatomical body sites, and physical activity (PA) level. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at a 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: A total of 248 pilgrims participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 43.49±12.70 years. Of all pilgrims, 78.6% had reported MSP in at least one anatomical body site during performing Hajj. Results revealed that Pilgrims were more likely to have MSP in the lower limb while performing Hajj rituals where the most prevalent reported pain was in the legs (46% ), followed by the lower back (45% ), knees (37% ), and ankles/feet (30% ). Age, sex, and PA were not significantly associated with MSP except the BMI was found to be a significant factor related to MSP among pilgrims (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Many pilgrims exhibited pain in at least one body part. Although physical fitness recommendations are published in the Saudi Ministry of Health, MSP preventative measures need to be disseminated by organizations and interested parties worldwide. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, musculoskeletal diseases, muscle stress, physical activity, mass gathering, pain
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230483
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2024
Authors: Kakaraparthi, Venkata Nagaraj | Vishwanathan, Karthik | Gadhavi, Bhavana | Abdulelah Alkhamis, Batool | Reddy, Ravi Shankar | Tedla, Jaya Shanker | Dixit, Snehil | Gular, Kumar | Gannamaneni, Vamsi Krishna | Ahmad, Irshad | Alshahrani, Oun Mohammad | Almushari, Muath Hassan Yahya
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment tools for work rehabilitation are essential in healthcare settings. Adapting the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ) to Arabic-speaking populations ensures effective evaluation and intervention for individuals with work-related disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To execute a cross-cultural adaptation of interview-administered version Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire –Arabic (WORQ-A) and assess the psychometric properties of WORQ-A in patients with musculoskeletal problems. METHODS: WORQ is mainly intended to assess the work functioning of persons who are involved in vocational rehabilitation. Psychometric properties were scrutinized in the outpatient rehabilitation center. Test–retest reliability was examined with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), …and internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. The usability of WORQ-A was established in 46 patients with musculoskeletal problems. RESULTS: WORQ-A exhibited exceptional internal consistency (0.93) and a great test–retest reliability (0.87). Regarding usability, the ability to understand the questions and answer choices was established as good. Five percent of the participants encountered minor difficulties with certain words, while the majority found it quite straightforward to choose the correct answers. CONCLUSIONS: The WORQ-A is an effective, consistent, and very easy to administer questionnaire to assess the work-related functions assumed in our study context and the individualities of the sample. Show more
Keywords: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validation, vocational rehabilitation, WORQ
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230241
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Lopes, Ester Rodrigues do Carmo | Macêdo, Flávia Pessoni Faleiros | Fifolato, Tha’ıs Marques | Nardim, Heloisa Correa Bueno | Suzuki, Karen Ayumi Kawano | Fonseca, Marisa de Cássia Registro
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work related shoulder disorders adversely affect the quality of life and lead to increased costs related to decreased productivity and injury treatment. Therefore, understanding the relationship between strength, upper extremity function and work ability contributes to the development of interventions aimed to improve the well-being of healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: Correlate shoulder abduction and handgrip strength with upper extremity function and work ability in healthcare workers with shoulder complaints. METHODS: 67 workers with shoulder pain in the last year were assessed by Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Work Ability Index (WAI), …isokinetic shoulder strength and isometric handgrip strength dynamometers. Data were analysed with Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (ρ = 0.05), SPSS 20.0 ® . RESULTS: 52% males, mean age 48.4 years, 42% physically active, most administrative and general services workers. Low correlation between handgrip strength and QuickDASH (r =-0.359; p = 0.004); low correlation between handgrip strength and WAI (r = 0.359; p = 0.003) and between shoulder abduction strength and the QuickDASH (r = -0.267; p = 0.049); no significant correlation between shoulder abduction strength and WAI (r = 0.001; p = 0.997). CONCLUSIONS: Handgrip and shoulder abduction strength were inversely associated with upper extremity dysfunction. Shoulder abduction strength was associated with work ability. The inclusion of strength assessment in workers is important to guide strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. Show more
Keywords: Occupational health, musculoskeletal disease, work, muscle strength, shoulder, pain
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230373
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Ziyan, Hou | Jizu, Li
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of smart mine construction, coal mine safety management is imposing stringent requirements on the safety competence of miners. To meet these demands, coal mine enterprises have initiated proactive measures to recruit a new generation of knowledge-based miners who possess high qualifications and specialized backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of identity conflict (IC) and its influence on unsafe behavior (USB) among KBMs within the context of China’s smart mining initiatives, as well as to identify the role of potential mediating and moderating variables in this relationship. …METHODS: An empirical study was conducted on a sample of 304 KBMs with a college degree or above, selected from multiple coal mines in Shanxi Province, China. Hierarchical regression analysis and the Bootstrap method were employed for data analysis. This model incorporated IC as the antecedent variable and meticulously investigated the mediating effects of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and psychosocial resources (PSR), along with the moderating effect of positive explanatory bias (PEB). RESULTS: The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between IC and USB among KBMs. RBSE and PSR were found to mediate the relationship between IC and USB. Moreover, this mediating effect further influenced the relationship between IC and USB through a chain mediating effect. Additionally, PEB strengthened the positive impact of KBMs’ RBSE on PSR. CONCLUSION: These results provide a broader perspective on the antecedent variables associated with KBMs’ USB and provide valuable insights and practical management strategies enhancing the safety management practices within coal mining enterprise. Show more
Keywords: Knowledge-based miners (KBMs), identity conflict (IC), unsafe behavior (USB), role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE), psychosocial resources (PSR), positive explanatory bias (PEB)
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230685
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Quach, Ha-Linh | Do, Chi Lan Thi | Dang, Giap Xuan | Nguyen, Thang Manh | Le, Thang Cao | Nguyen, Ha Thu
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2022, many universities transitioned from virtual learning back to in-person teaching. Significant changes in working conditions, along with COVID-19-related anxiety during the pandemic, might impact the well-being of lecturers. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the perceived stress, self-rated physical and occupational health of Vietnamese lecturers in 2022 compared to the pre-pandemic levels, and to identify their associating factors. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in May–June 2022 through an online survey questionnaire. A sample of 425 university lecturers were included. Participants’ stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Participants were …asked to compare their current physical and occupational health with before the pandemic. Explanatory variables included (1) COVID-19 exposure; and (2) perceptions of changes in working environment due to the pandemic. Multivariable ordinal least squared regression analyses were used to estimate the coefficient and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between COVID-19 exposure variables, work conditions, and each outcome. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that over 60% of participants experienced moderate stress, while nearly half reported worsened physical and occupational health during the pandemic. Gender, age, perceptions of workload, workplace safety, COVID-19 infection, and incentive programs were significant factors associated with higher stress levels and worse self-rated health. CONCLUSION: To ensure occupational safety and support lecturers as they return to in-person classes, it is crucial to provide appropriate psychological and health support services. Show more
Keywords: Perceived stress, occupational health, physical health, self-rated health, university lecturers, COVID-19
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230265
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2023
Authors: Mirzaei, Emadeddin | Kouhnavard, Bahram | Daneshmandi, Hadi | Seif, Mozhgansadat | Zamanian, Zahra
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important problems faced by ergonomists today. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of weather conditions, working conditions and mental workload on musculoskeletal disorders of rescuers and water and sewage company accidents in hot and cold seasons. METHODS: The present study was a longitudinal study that was performed on all employees of rescue and disaster teams of Shiraz Water and Sewerage Company in Iran (184 people) by census. Demographic and Nordic questionnaires, NASA Load Index (NASA-TLX), work environment assessment with temperature screening checklist …and workplace ergonomic risk factor (WERA) assessment method were performed by the researcher. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. RESULTS: The results showed that the highest and lowest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to knee and back in winter and thigh in summer with prevalence of 57.1, 55.4 and 6% . The comparison of exposure to heat stress factors in summer and winter seasons showed that the temperature factors and work clothes of the workers in both seasons are in worse conditions than other factors (P < 0968). The results of the mental workload of people in two seasons showed that the highest and lowest mental workload is related to physical changes in the winter season and frustration in the summer season, and this relationship was significant (P < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression model, the potential risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries including age, height, BMI, level of education and work experience in both hot and cold seasons were compared. The results showed that in summer, work experience (OR = 1.16 (1.06–1.28.)) and height (OR = 1.03(0.98–1.08) had a direct effect on the prevalence of pain and discomfort arranged in the back areas. One year of increase in work experience significantly increases the chance of a disorder in the back by 16% and a one centimeter increase in height increases the chance of a disorder in the lumbar region by 3%, although this relationship is significant. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that suitable solutions such as using appropriate and up-to-date mechanical tools, reducing activity time, increasing rest time, increasing the number of personnel in order to reduce mental workload, using work clothes suitable for the season and type of work, and ergonomics training for workers are on the agenda of company officials. Water and sewage should be placed. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disease, risk assessment, posture, workplace, workload
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220372
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2024
Authors: Zeverdegani, Sara Karimi | Mohebian, Zohreh
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nail salon technicians are susceptible to potential exposure to a diverse array of hazardous chemicals in the form of dust or vapors. One of the main routes of exposure is dermal contact. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study was to health risk assessment of dermal exposure to heavy dust containing heavy metals in nail salon technicians. METHODS: Dust sampling was done on the work surface of 20 available nail salon technicians. The concentration of five metals including cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and manganese were determined using ICP-MS. Afterwards, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) …guideline was used to estimate the potential health risks, including carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, associated with the analyzed metals. RESULTS: Results indicated the mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Mn were 0.7953±0.4373, 0.0952±0.0264, 0.7666±0.8629, 0.4900±0.5994 and 1.134±0.4736, respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) of all metals was within the permissible value, while hazard index (HI) was greater than 1. The probability of cancer risk (CR) resulting from dermal exposure to Ni, Cd and Cr exceeded the acceptable risk levels (10 - 6 –10–4 ), but CR calculated for Pb was less than allowable value. CONCLUSION: Implementation of engineering controls such as downdraft vented nail tables and portable source capture systems is necessary. Besides, the use of personal protective equipment such as disposable nitrile gloves, N95 respirator masks, and ensuring proper training on safe work practices is recommended. Show more
Keywords: Health risk assessment, dermal exposure, nail technicians, heavy metals, average daily dose, hazard quotient
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230336
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Milanović, Ivana | Stanojević, Nina | Fatić, Saška | Marisavljević, Maša | Punišić, Silvana | Janjić, Vladimir | Subotić, Miško | Maksimović, Slavica
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the Republic of Serbia, to our knowledge, there has been no research dedicated to the professional stress faced by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Since speech therapy belongs to the helping professions, SLPs might experience professional stress. OBJECTIVE: To examine the levels of professional stress in SLPs concerning sociodemographic characteristics and terms of the workplace. METHODS: The research was conducted online, using a questionnaire designed to determine professional stress in speech-language pathologists - Speech-Language Pathologist Stress Inventory. The voluntary sample consisted of 185 employed SLPs from the Republic of Serbia. The stress level was observed concerning …marital status, years of working experience, age, educational degree, caseload size, job sector, job setting, type of patients’ diagnosis, and type of service which SLPs provide. RESULTS: The results showed that SLPs experience mild to moderate levels of professional stress and that there is a statistically significant difference in the stress level concerning years of working experience, age, job sector, and job setting. Applying Generalized Linear Mixed Model revealed that two-way interaction (Years of working experience * Marital status) and three-way interaction (Age * Job Setting * Type of patients’ diagnosis) dominated on the model. CONCLUSION: Since it is noted that SLPs are experiencing mild to moderate levels of professional stress, it is important to emphasize the need for adaptation of existing work terms as well as to provide additional support to speech therapists in order to improve their mental health. Show more
Keywords: Job stress, professional burnout, developmental disorders, job satisfaction, workplace conditions, speech therapy, workload
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230036
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-21, 2024
Authors: Pokhrel, Sobhit | Hwang, Jaejin
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information about the optimal setup of multiple screen configurations in virtual reality (VR) office work. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different screen configurations on neck flexion, rotation, neck muscle activity, and simulator sickness symptoms during Virtual Reality (VR) office work. METHODS: Twelve participants (7 males; 21 to 27 years old) performed copy-paste and drag-drop tasks in three different screen configurations (single screen, primary-secondary screen, and double screen) in a randomized order. Optical motion capture system, electromyography (EMG) device, and simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) …were used to measure the users’ responses. RESULTS: Neck rotation angles, muscle activities, and VR sickness were significantly affected by the screen configurations (p < 0.021). The primary-secondary screen showed the highest right rotation angle (median: -33.47°) and left sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle activities (median: 12.57% MVC). Both single (median: 22.42) and primary-secondary (median: 22.40) screen showed the highest value of SSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The screen configurations in VR could be an important design factor affecting the users’ physical demands of the neck and VR sickness symptoms. Asymmetric neck rotations caused by the primary-secondary screen conditions should be avoided. Show more
Keywords: Virtual reality, screen configuration, neck motion, neck muscle activity, office work, simulator sickness
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230230
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Garrett, Levi R. | Harveson, Andrew T. | Ayars, Candace
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Firefighter health is of utmost importance both to first responders and the individuals they serve daily. The impact of shift schedule on firefighter health remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in health and performance outcomes in firefighters across two different shift schedules. METHODS: Firefighter (N = 1995) body composition, muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance were assessed and described. A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare differences between shift schedules (48/96 and 4’s and 6’s). RESULTS: There was a statistically …significant difference in BMI (U = 70115, z =–1.988, p = .047), BF% (U = 67341, z =–2.779, p = .005), and trunk flexion score (U = 81362, z = 1.979, p = .048) favoring the 48/96 shift schedule. CONCLUSION: Firefighters following a 48/96 shift schedule exhibited improved body composition and fitness performance in comparison to peers who followed a 4’s and 6’s shift schedule. Findings may guide regional firefighter scheduling to optimize health and performance. Show more
Keywords: Keywords: Firefighter, health, physical fitness, cardiorespiratory disease, shift work
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230388
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Osmanovic, Sabina | Pajic, Sofija | Petrovic, Ivana B. | Portoghese, Igor
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The academic environment is known for its high demands in research, teaching, and administration, that along with increasing publish or perish culture can lead to reduced psychological well-being and mental health issues. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between workaholism, work engagement, and burnout among academics in Montenegro. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to develop anonymous online survey. Data was collected from 131 participants employed as teaching and research staff at public and private universities. To measure the variables of interest we used: ultra-short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-3), …the work-related burnout subscale from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-7) and the Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS-10). Psychometric network analysis was employed to examine the relationships among variables. RESULTS: The findings revealed two distinct clusters: the first containing the dimensions of work engagement and the second containing burnout and the dimensions of workaholism. The two clusters were connected with the dimensions of dedication - burnout having the strongest edge (–0.25 and –0.40). In the cross-sample network the strongest connection was burnout –working excessively (.35). No significant differences in network density (0.80 (12/15 edges)) and global strength (p = 0.159) in the networks of public and private universities were found. CONCLUSION: Results of the network centrality and the edge strength analyses suggest that the interventions focused at increasing dedication while not fostering a work environment that encourages working excessively might be the key to preventing and reducing burnout in academia across contexts of public and private universities. Show more
Keywords: Workaholism, work engagement, burnout, academia, psychometric network analysis, Montenegro
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230347
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Soltanzadeh, Ahmad | Mahdinia, Mohsen | Nikbakht, Neda | Hosseinzadeh, Kiana | Sadeghi-Yarandi, Mohsen
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The hazardous material release has frequently occurred worldwide. As a respiratory stimulant and a toxic substance, ammonia has numerous adverse effects on human health. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human vulnerability and toxic effects of both chronic and acute respiratory exposure to ammonia. METHODS: This study was conducted in an ice factory. Ammonia reservoirs were selected as the danger center. The scenarios were evaluated from the perspective of the worst-case. The Emergency Response Planning Guidelines 1–3 was used to predict the dangerous concentrations in acute exposure. The probability of human …vulnerability was estimated using the Probit model. PHAST 7.2 software was used to model consequences. As a measure of chronic exposure to ammonia, NMAM 6016 was used. A respiratory symptom questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society was used for collecting respiratory symptom histories. RESULTS: The ERPG3 level or concentration of 750 ppm was found at a distance of 617.71 and 411.01 meters from tanks, respectively, as a result of a rupture in reservoir 1 over a period of two halves of the year. It was found that the highest probit values for tank 2 at distances of zero, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 meters were 9.55, 5.92, 5.47, 4.82, 4.23, 3.56 and 2.96, respectively. The prevalence of pulmonary symptoms, which include coughing, dyspnea, phlegm, and wheezing, was 28%, 19%, 15%, and 26% in the chronic exposure group. CONCLUSION: In the event that an ammonia reservoir ruptures catastrophically, it may cause human injury at ERPG-2 or ERPG-3 levels. Results revealed that exposure to this substance can impose many pulmonary symptoms on the respiratory system of workers in industries. In order to reduce the vulnerability of humans to potential release scenarios, control measures must be implemented. Also, preventive and mitigation measures can be designed to enhance safety and resilience against the release of hazardous materials. Show more
Keywords: Human vulnerability, consequence modeling, toxicity, respiratory symptoms, ammonia, ice factory
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230106
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Rajak, Binod | Reddy, K. Vidyullatha | Singh, Punam | Kumar, Vimal
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress is a pivotal aspect of organizational psychology. Although an individual’s attitude and behaviour at work have received greater investigation, scant attention has been given to family-related dynamics and their impact on work. OBJECTIVE: This study contributes to understanding work-family dynamics by investigating the connection between family incivility and job dissatisfaction during the pandemic. Based on the conservation of resources theory, the research explores the potential moderating role of perceived organizational support. METHODS: The investigation uses structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis while controlling for age, gender, and experience. Data has been collected with …an adapted scale and time-lag technique in which the first wave encompassed independent variables and demographics. The second wave gathered moderator and dependent variables through a non-probability sampling of IT employees. RESULTS: Findings reveal a significant positive link between family incivility and job dissatisfaction, implying higher family incivility is linked to increased job dissatisfaction. Moreover, the study indicates that organizational support can mitigate the negative impact of family incivility on job dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION: This research underscores the pivotal role of organizational support in enhancing employee job outcomes. Hence, organizations should prioritize employee well-being, recognizing it as an integral aspect of their functioning. Show more
Keywords: Family incivility, job dissatisfaction, perceived organisational support, moderation, and time-lag methods
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220690
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Gunnarsson, A. Birgitta | Jansson, Jan-Åke | Eklund, Mona
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unemployment is high not only among people with mental illness, but also among young adults in general. The combination of having a severe mental illness and being young entails a particularly problematic situation for young people with psychosis. This study aimed to understand how this group envision their future possibilities for entering the labour market or engaging in other productive activities. OBJECTIVE: To explore how young adults with psychosis perceive their possibilities, wishes and support needs for gaining employment or engaging in other productive activities. METHODS: A descriptive design with qualitative individual in-depth interviews was …used. Eighteen young adults with psychosis, aged 18–30 years, were interviewed. Data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Four categories based on the experiences of the participants as being vital for having work or other productive activities were generated: “Wishing for a role in the community”, “Being my own coach”, “Needing personal support” and “Having a supportive workplace”. Each of them included sub-categories. CONCLUSION: The young adults with psychosis were a long way from having paid work, but they desired to have a worker role in the community. They are a heterogeneous group, which entails that it is important that professionals and employers have a person-centered and holistic approach, listening to the individuals themselves. Show more
Keywords: Activity, employment, interviews, mental health, occupations, qualitative research, work
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230311
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Mucheru, Doreen | Kroll, Thilo | Paul, Gillian | Fahy, Majella | Dowling-Hetherington, Linda | Moloney, Breda | Dunne, Nikki | Jalal, Reuel | Fealy, Gerard | Lafferty, Attracta
Article Type: Letter
Keywords: Employment, informal or unpaid carers, caregivers, work-life balance, health; mental health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220665
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-5, 2023
Authors: Deng, Kai-Qin | Chen, Xin-Yuan | Yuan, Xian-Ming | Ren, Yan-Rui | Luo, Zhong-Mei | Li, Gang-Ying | Deng, Xia-Kang
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, more attention has been given to the psychological state of doctors than to that of nurses although the workload, working hours, and patient contact time are generally higher for nurses than doctors. The current status of nurses’ perceived stress, work engagement, and perceived professional benefit during the routine management of the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic and how their perceived stress affects the other two variables are topics that merit research attention. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the status of nurses’ perceived stress, work engagement, and perceived professional benefit during the routine …management of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 pandemic was investigated to explore whether their perceived stress level has any effect on the other two variables. METHODS: The convenience sampling method was adopted, and 669 nurses from the First People’s Hospital of Jingzhou were selected to participate in this study. Questionnaires on perceived stress, work engagement, and perceived professional benefit were used in the survey, and the data were processed using the SPSS 20.0 program for the descriptive statistics, independent sample t -test, analysis of variance. RESULTS: The total score of the nurses’ perceived stress was 18.58±4.37 points. The total scores of their work engagement (43.32±14.01) and perceived professional benefit (140.23±17.75). CONCLUSION: The nurses’ total perceived stress score was at an upper-middle level, and their total work engagement and perceived professional benefit scores were relatively high. Overall, perceived stress has a negative effect on nurses’ work engagement and perceived professional benefit. That is, the higher the pressure perception of nurses, the lower the degree of work engagement and perceived professional benefit. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, perceived stress, work engagement, perceived professional benefit in nurse
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220498
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2023
Authors: Hidaka, Tomoo | Kakamu, Takeyasu | Endo, Shota | Masuishi, Yusuke | Kasuga, Hideaki | Hata, Akiko | Miura, Rieko | Funayama, Youko | Tajimi, Kimitaka | Fukushima, Tetsuhito
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal exercise combination for improving sleep quality among sedentary workers is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To reveal what combination of exercises contributes to good sleep quality. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 5,201 sedentary workers who underwent health examinations in 2019. Data on sleep quality, basic attributes, energy expenditure, and lifestyle aspects such as exercise and physical activity, supper time close to bedtime, and alcohol intake were obtained. The subjects reported their exercise habits by selecting up to three forms of exercise from a list of 182 options, which were classified into …three types: endurance (e.g., jogging), muscle strength (e.g., bench pressing), and balanced types which combined both endurance and muscle strength characteristics. (e.g., walking). These forms were then categorized into eight combination patterns: endurance only; muscle strength only; balanced only; endurance and muscle strength; endurance and balanced; muscle strength and balanced; all types; and absence of any exercise habits. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the exercise combination patterns and sleep quality. RESULTS: Good sleep quality was significantly associated with “endurance” (OR = 1.419; 95% CI 1.110–1.814), “balanced only” (OR = 1.474; 95% CI 1.248–1.741), and “endurance and balance” (OR = 1.782; 95% CI 1.085–2.926) exercise patterns. No significant associations were found between the combinations that included muscle strength exercises and sleep quality. CONCLUSION: The endurance or balanced-type exercises, or a combination of both, may help to improve the sleep quality of sedentary workers as part of occupational health management. Show more
Keywords: Sedentary behavior, sleep, sleep quality, exercise, occupational health, work, physical endurance
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230299
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Yildirim, Umut | Nart, Senem | Akar, Sevda | Sarialioğlu, Songül | Toygar, Arda | Vardar, Burak | Kaya, Sultan Çoşkun | Sari, Mustafa
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women’s physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified …within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry. Show more
Keywords: Women’s rights, workplace condition, mental health, qualitative research, gender inequity, workplace stress, gender-based violence
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230391
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Tank, Nitishkumar D. | Rupani, Mihir P. | Shah, Rakshit B. | Shah, Immad A. | Dhatrak, Sarang V.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mine workers face various health risks from occupational hazards, notably dust-related pulmonary dysfunction. This dysfunction is also attributed to diverse risk factors and health conditions. Despite the variety of underlying mechanisms, conflicting evidence persists regarding hypertension as a potential risk factor for such dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of pulmonary dysfunction vis-à-vis the hypertension status of mine workers. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 444 mine workers from ten open-cast mines in Gujarat state (western part of India) from November 2020 to February 2022. We collected data on demographics, occupation, addiction, and comorbidities, …including measurements like anthropometry, blood pressure, blood sugar, haemoglobin, and lipid levels. Hypertension was confirmed based on self-reported history and/or onsite blood pressure measurement, while pulmonary functions were assessed using a spirometer (expressed as forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 and forced vital capacity FVC). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the significant predictor of FEV1 or FVC vis-à-vis the hypertension status after adjusting for confounding variables. In addition, we assessed the effect of anti-hypertensive medications on pulmonary dysfunction. RESULTS: A total of 41% (95% CI: 36-45%) of mine workers were suffering from hypertension. On multiple linear regression, only being a male and work experience duration were the significant predictors of FEV1 [0.900 (0.475-1.092), p =<0.001; -0.029 (-0.034 - -0.021, p =<0.001] and FVC [1.088 (0.771-1.404), p =<0.001; -0.031 (-0.038 - -0.024, p = 0.001] respectively. While unadjusted analysis indicated hypertension led to FEV1 and FVC reduction, this effect lost significance after adjusting for confounders. Nevertheless, subgroup analysis revealed those on antihypertensive medications had reductions in FEV1 and FVC by -0.263 (95% CI: -0.449 - -0.078, p = 0.006) L and -0.271 (95% CI: -0.476 - -0.067, p = 0.009) L respectively. CONCLUSION: In our study among mine workers, alterations in lung function (FEV1 and FVC) on spirometry were predicted by gender and duration of work experience, while hypertension did not serve as a predictor. It is noteworthy that antihypertensive drugs were found to reduce lung functions on spirometry, highlighting the need for further research. Show more
Keywords: Blood pressure, spirometry, antihypertensive agents, cross-sectional studies, miners, India
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220678
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Malin, Maarit | Luukkonen, Ritva | Majuri, Minna | Lamminpää, Anne | Reijula, Kari
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoting health is an important part of occupational health (OH) professionals’ daily practice. Occupational health services (OHS) support work ability and prevent both work-related diseases and lifestyle-related illnesses. OBJECTIVE: We focused on how interprofessional collaboration (IPC), regardless of whether the OHS provider is public, private or in-house, influences the implementation of smoking cessation treatment and support (SCTS). We studied IPC of OH professionals in SCTS and whether they differ depending on OHS providers. METHODS: We collected data through an online survey of a cross-sectional sample of OH professionals of physicians (n = 182), nurses (n = 296) …and physiotherapists (n = 96) at two different time-points, in 2013 and 2017. The questionnaire contained questions on interprofessional SCTS practices, so that we could assess how the professionals’ experiences differed from each other. We used explanatory factor analysis to study the collaboration, and the Kruskall–Wallis test to detect the differences between the OH professional groups as a post-hoc data analysis. Background: OH physicians (mean 3.4, SD 1.2) and OH nurses (mean 3.2, SD 1.1) experienced smooth collaboration in SCTS whereas OH physiotherapists (mean 2.5, SD 1.1) felt excluded from IPC. In-house OH centres (mean 3.5, SD 1.0) seemed to offer the best opportunities for implementing IPC in SCTS comparing to public (mean 3.1, SD 0.9) or private (mean 2.9, SD 0.9) OHS. CONCLUSION: The IPC of OH professionals in SCTS interventions need to be rearranged. This requires boundary-crossing SCTS practices involving all professionals. All OH professionals should implement IPC in SCTS and share their specific competence. Show more
Keywords: Smoking cessation, occupational health, interprofessional collaboration (IPC), prevention, lifestyle diseases
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230139
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2023
Authors: Nordenmark, Mikael | Vinberg, Stig
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed many employees away from their offices into their homes. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in early spring 2020, most countries recommended or required that employees work remotely from home to reduce the spread of infection at workplaces and during travel to and from these workplaces. OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between working from home, work/life conflict and mental wellbeing in Europe during the pandemic. METHODS: The study was based on a large-scale, online survey that was conducted during the COVID-19 …pandemic three times, in 2020, 2021 and 2022, in 27 EU countries, and included 53 214 respondents that were employed at the time of the study. RESULTS: The results showed that working from home, work-to-life conflict and life-to-work conflict has increased and that mental wellbeing has decreased during the pandemic. Our regression analyses showed that the number of hours worked from home was negatively associated with work-to-life conflict and positively associated with life-to-work conflict. These results indicate that working from home can have both positive and negative consequences for employees’ work/life conflict. The regression results showed that hours worked from home, work-to-life conflict and life-to-work conflict were negatively associated with mental wellbeing. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider different work situations for different working life groupings when implementing work-from-home measures. Organizations must consider how work is supervised and help managers understand how to support employees to achieve work-life balance when working remotely. Show more
Keywords: Health, quantitative study, remote working, work environment, work-to-life conflict, life-to-work conflict
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230271
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2023
Authors: Ghahremani, Leila | Khademi, Khadijeh | Nazari, Mahin | Kaveh, Mohammad Hossein | Abbasi, Fariba
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are among the significant causes of disabilities and occupational injuries all over the world and can reduce the quality of life and job satisfaction. These disorders prevail among the office workers of the Iranian Oil Company, though research on the involved factors is limited. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the incidence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders and their association with job satisfaction among the office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. METHODS: The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 210 male office workers of the Iranian Oil …Company. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the rate of job satisfaction were measured by Nordic Musculoskeletal and Minnesota job Satisfaction Questionnaires, respectively. The relationship between the variables was analyzed by the SPSS 28 software. RESULTS: The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders among office workers in the past 12 months were associated with the neck, waist, and knee organs, with 45.70, 41, and 38.10 percentages. Smoking, second jobs, and physical injury histories were identified as three risk factors connected to musculoskeletal disorders (p < 0.05). Forty-one percent of the participants were moderately satisfied with their jobs, and this number was significantly related to musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulders, elbows, back, waist, and knees (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that second jobs, smoking, and physical injury histories are three risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among office workers of the Iranian Oil Company. Thus, it is imperative to identify at-risk office workers and train and encourage them to take preventive actions and employ ergonomic job equipment. Show more
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders, job satisfaction, nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230120
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Rikos, Nikos | Mema, Erion | Triantafyllou, Christos | Kleftonikolou, Hellen | Mazaraki, Emmanouella | Gounelas, Giorgos | Kourlaba, Georgia
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of healthcare professionals has emerged as an issue of great concern. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels of professional quality of life, psychological well-being, and work engagement among healthcare professionals in two Greek hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2021 in two public hospitals in Greece. To assess the levels of professional quality of life, psychological well-being, and work engagement, respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 (ProQOL-V), the Psychological Well-being (PWB) scale, and the Utrecht …Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17). RESULTS: A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 102 were returned (response rate: 68%). It was found that as burnout levels increased, the levels of work engagement decreased (rho = –0.36, p -value < 0.01). Higher levels of compassion satisfaction were associated with higher work engagement (rho = 0.48, p -value < 0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that healthcare personnel’s contact with patients or service users exposed to or who have experienced traumatic events was associated with less positive relationships with others (and, consequently, lower levels of psychological well-being) (p -value = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals in the two public hospitals in Greece, experienced moderate levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their psychological well-being was also found to be moderate, and their levels of work engagement were moderate to high. Supporting the physical and psychological well-being of healthcare professionals is essential for their ability to provide high-quality care in times of crisis, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, healthcare professionals, Greece, professional quality of life, psychological well-being, work engagement
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230386
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-12, 2024
Authors: Al-Hourani, Zeid A. | Almhdawi, Khader A. | AlBakri, Isra A. | Alibrahim, Anas N. | Obeidat, Donia
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental team members are susceptible to high mental and physical stress levels, which could have increased during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate Jordanian dental workers’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and determine its predictors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey study conducted on dental team members, namely; Dentists, dental Assistants, and Dental Technicians. The survey questionnaire was composed of questions related to stress during COVID-19, a short-form survey of 12 items (SF-12), a Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), and a Nordic …musculoskeletal disorder questionnaire (NMQ). Descriptive analyses were used to describe the main outcome measures, and multiple variable regression analysis was conducted to identify the quality of life predictors. RESULTS: Participants’ HRQoL measured by SF-12 showed a mean±SD score of 67.1±17.19 for the physical component and 54.51±20.27 for the mental component. The Nordic scale showed symptoms of lower back pain as 63.9% over 12 months, 32% over 12 months’ functional limitation symptoms, and 45% in 7 days The regression model was found strong for our study with 53.8% variations (r2 = 0.538, F = 43.739, P < 0.001) in health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Our study concluded that the level of HRQoL among Jordanian dental specialists during COVID-19 was observed to impact levels of physical and mental well-being which negatively influence the quality of life. Predictive factors like depression, stress, anxiety, musculoskeletal health, and individual everyday quality of life significantly affect the HRQoL of dental specialists. Show more
Keywords: Epidemiology, Cross-sectional studies, humans, workers, quality of life, Health
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220458
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Soeker, Mogammad Shaheed | Allie, Mishkah | Arend, Raeesa | Bell, Chelsea | Benjamin, Aqeeda | Cassiem, Tasneem
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The South African Labour Relations Act, specifically the Code of Good Practice (CGP) advocates against the discrimination and unfair dismissal of individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. However, little is known about the implementation of these national policies within the workplace, especially from the perspective of the employer rather than the employee. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of how human resource practitioners accommodate and support individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. METHOD: Eleven participants (Human Resource Professionals) participated in the study. The researchers …utilized semi-structured interviews where the data was analysed by means of thematic analysis to formulate themes. RESULTS: Three themes emerged depicting the participants’ experiences and perceptions of barriers and facilitators which influenced their return to work: The themes that emerged through thematic analysis consisted of 1) Challenges perceived by Human Resource personnel that influences work participation; 2) The influence that workplace accommodations and support structures have on the work participation; 3) The prevalence of policies and laws that are available in theworkplace. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted that Human Resource Professionals struggle to interpret and implement labor related polices that aid in employing individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. It is important to implement strategies that will assist Human Resource practitioners in understanding how to implement such policies to successfully accommodate individuals with mental health conditions in the workplace. Show more
Keywords: Mental health illness, reasonable accommodation, work setting, enabler, barrier, accommodated and support
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220688
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Koyuncu, Aynur | Elagöz, İslam | Yava, Ayla
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant increase in the use of latex gloves among nurses. However, concerns about the rise in latex allergies and related complaints due to this increase remain uncertain. OBJECTİVE: This study aims to assess the rates of latex glove usage and allergy-related complaints among nurses working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Between May 15 and June 15, 2021, ethical approvals were obtained for a cross-sectional study involving 448 volunteer nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to represent categorical values as counts (n) and …percentages (%), while continuous values were represented as mean±standard deviation. The normal distribution of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Comparative analyses were conducted using paired sample t -test, Pearson’s chi-squared (x2 ) test, McNemar’s chi-squared (x2 ) test, and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: Before the pandemic, the average number of invasive procedures was 45.13±26.48, whereas during the pandemic, this rate increased to 50.23±29.14. The average glove usage duration went from 7.69±3.13 hours to 14.73±3.68 hours during the pandemic. Among nurses, the rate of allergic symptoms, which was previously at 31.5%, rose to 33.3% during the pandemic. CONCLUSİON: This study revealed a significant increase in daily invasive procedures and the use of latex gloves among nurses during the pandemic period. Simultaneously, the frequency of allergic symptoms also rose. These findings underscore the importance of awareness and preventive measures, particularly regarding latex allergies, in the healthcare field. Show more
Keywords: Allergy, latex, latex gloves, rubber latex allergies, coronavirus, nursing
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230235
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Khanehshenas, Farin | Mazloumi, Adel | Nahvi, Ali | Nickabadi, Ahmad | Aghamalizadeh, Alireza | Keihani, Ahmadreza
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The transition from alertness to drowsiness can cause considerable changes in the respiratory system, providing an opportunity to detect driver drowsiness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which respiratory features indicate driver drowsiness and then use these features to classify the level of drowsiness and alertness. METHODS: Twenty male students (mean age 25.6±2.41 years) participated in the study using a driving simulator, and eight features, including expiration duration (ED), inspiration duration (ID), peak-to-peak amplitude (PA), inspiration-to-expiration time ratio (I/E ratio), driving, timing, respiration rate (RR), and yawning, were extracted …from the respiratory signal generated by abdominal motions using a belt equipped with a force sensor. RESULTS: All eight features were statistically significant at the significance level of 0.05. Drowsiness can be detected using respiratory features with 88% accuracy, 82% precision, 86% recall, and an 90% F1 score. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study may be useful in the development of driver drowsiness monitoring systems based on less intrusive respiratory signal analysis, particularly for specific process automation applications when vehicle control is not in the hands of the driver. Show more
Keywords: Respiratory rate, yawning, classification, sleepiness, diagnosis, traffic crashes
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230281
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Erol, Özgül | Küçükkaya, Burcu | Yenici, Ecehan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nurses working in the intensive care units (ICU) regarding the work-index-nursing work environment, the effect level ICU environment has on the nurses’ care behaviors and stress levels of the nurses should be determined. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the effect of the nurse manpower on care behaviours and stress level of the nurses working in the ICU. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample of the study consisted of 123 nurses working in the ICUs. The data were collected using the survey form, Distress Thermometer (DT), The Practice Work Environment Scale …of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and Caring Behaviors Scale-24 (CBS-24). RESULTS: The mean age of nurses in the ICU was 30.2±5.6 and the mean of working time in the intensive care unit of nurses in the ICU was 3.7±3.1 years. The mean of the DT was 4.8±3.4, and the mean score of PES-NWI was 2.6±1.0 and the mean score of CBS-24 was 4.7±1.1 in nurses in the ICU. The regression model which was studied to investigate the relationship between caring behaviors and stress and nurse manpower of nurses working in intensive care unit was significant. CONCLUSION: Care behaviors and stress levels of nurses working in intensive care units are negatively affected by insufficient nurse manpower. Show more
Keywords: Intensive care unit, nurse, nurse manpower, caring behaviors, stress
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220710
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vishnuram, Surya | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the working population especially among older adults, anxiety problems have grown dramatically. This element has a significant impact on employee absenteeism and problems with physical and mental health. It was widely known that security personnel had several physical and mental difficulties during their various work hours. It is important to investigate the effects of anxiety on them. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to provide insights into the prevalence of anxiety disorders and explore the correlations between anxiety symptoms, sleep, and memory during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: To conduct a cross-sectional study, 42 older adult …participants between the ages of sixty to seventy years were chosen and the procedure was explained.Data were gathered by giving instructions on how to complete the self-reported Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment -7 (GAD-7), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the revised Everyday Memory Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 36 out of 42 participants (85.71%) experienced moderate to severe anxiety. Anxiety and sleep had a correlation of 0.8, while anxiety and memory had a correlation of 0.87 with a positive EMQ-R relationship. Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between sleep and memory, with a positive correlation of 0.73. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that, there is a substantial prevalence of anxiety accompanied by notable insomnia and memory problems in elderly security officers. Our findings indicate a clear relationship between sleep disturbances, memory issues, and most prevalent anxiety symptoms. These results emphasize the importance of incorporating mental health assessments and addressing an effective treatment for anxiety. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, general anxiety disorder, epworth sleepiness scale, everyday memory questionnaire-revised, elderly, mental health, fear, cognitive impairment
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230144
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-7, 2023
Authors: Hsu, Chen-Yuan | Syue, Jia-Ci
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical medical staff should be aware of and examine the correlation between breastfeeding and neonatal hospitalization. Additional attention should be paid to work dilemmas experienced by the nursing staff caring for newborns to avoid exposing newborns to hospitalization risk. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the working dilemmas by neonatal nurses caring for breastfed newborns and risk of newborn hospitalization. METHODS: This hospital-based study in Taiwan surveyed 84 neonatal nurses using a structured questionnaire entitled “Working Dilemmas in Clinical Care for Breastfed Newborns.” RESULTS: Collected data were analyzed statistically (descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and …t test) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff noted that breastfed newborns showed a high risk of hospitalization and nursery staff highlighted a lack of manpower and time. NICU staff experienced more working dilemmas (117.460±12.260) than nursery staff (87.410±15.820) when caring for breastfed newborns (t = 1.080, P < 0.001). NICU staff reported a higher risk of hospitalization in breastfed newborns and experienced more working dilemmas caring for these patients compared with nursery staff, who reported a lack of manpower and time. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the working dilemmas by neonatal nurses and can serve as a foundation for further critical studies. Show more
Keywords: Dilemmas, breastfeeding, newborn hospitalization, neonatal nurses, working, care
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230249
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-16, 2024
Authors: Li, Guang | Alam, Beenish Fatima | Bashir, Raima | Tarhini, Ali | Nayab, Talha | Sousa, Lindsey M.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Problem-based learning (PBL), a student-centered approach which has been implemented in many educational institutes worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the proficiency of students in 5 key areas of PBL process and assess perceptions of students towards PBL learning using a self-explanatory questionnaire. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to September 2022 and evaluated perceptions of 1st year dental students of Batch 2021 (having Face-to-face PBL sessions) and batch 2020 (having online PBL sessions) using a questionnaire. Three similar PBL cases were used, which assessed PBL parameters that …included attendance, group dynamics, knowledge, communication skills and preparation. Statistical analysis was performed for all the categorical and continuous variables. RESULTS: Majority of Distance Learning (DL) group (66.7%) concurred that PBL helped improve their communication skills, decision making power (66.7%), self-directed learning (80%) and promoted interaction with peers (66.7) and teachers (68.9%). The Face –to- Face (FF) group demonstrated better scores (7.7±2.42 & 7.55±2.55) with respect to their attendance and group dynamics (7.44±2.17 & 8.02±2.40) in PBL 1 & 3 as compared to DL group. Overall, better performance in all the 5 key areas of PBL was observed for the FF group versus the DL group. CONCLUSION: The Distance learning (DL) group displayed a positive attitude and perception towards PBL as a learning strategy whereas Face-to-face (FF) group showed greater performance and proficiency in the key PBL parameters scores. Show more
Keywords: Problem-based-learning, conventional teaching, distance learning, coronavirus disease 2019
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220674
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Wu, Kevin A. | Anastasio, Albert T. | Kim, Joshua K. | Choudhury, Ankit | Adams, Samuel B.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused notable shifts in healthcare behavior, influenced by remote work policies. This study examines the impact of Work from Home (WFH) policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries, utilizing Google search trends. Understanding these trends is crucial for healthcare providers, enabling them to adapt services and communication to evolving patient needs during challenging times. OBJECTIVE: To comprehend variations in search volume and trends for ankle-related queries due to WFH policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Ankle-related terms accessible to laypersons were analyzed using Google Trends data from March 2018 to March …2022 in the United States. Data were divided into pre-pandemic (March 2018-March 2020) and post-pandemic (March 2020-March 2022) periods. Weekly search interest data for 20 terms were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney U test. The study aimed to identify significant changes in search interest, providing insights into public information-seeking behavior concerning ankle surgeries. RESULTS: Among the 20 terms analyzed, 11 exhibited significant changes. Ankle arthritis and ankle bursitis showed increased interest, suggesting heightened concern during the pandemic. Conversely, post-pandemic interest decreased for terms 9 terms, including ankle pain and ankle tendonitis, indicating reduced worry. Moderate declines were noted for ankle gout, Achilles tendonitis, and heel bursitis, reflecting shifting patient priorities. Some terms, including ankle fracture and ankle arthroplasty, showed stable information-seeking behavior despite the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the nuanced impact of WFH policies on public interest in ankle-related orthopaedic surgeries. Varied search trends highlight changing patient concerns. Healthcare providers can use these insights to tailor services effectively, meeting evolving patient needs and enhancing communication strategies. Show more
Keywords: Orthopaedic, ankle surgery, work from home, pandemic, COVID-19, telemedicine
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230621
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Jorgensen, Michael J. | Hafez, Khaled | Hakansson, Nils A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Lifting is a manual material handling (MMH) assessment method to identify weight limits that nearly all workers may be exposed to without developing work-related low back disorders (LBD). However, this assessment method only applies to lifting with the torso within 30° asymmetry of the sagittal plane. OBJECTIVE: Estimate TLV weight limits while lifting with torso asymmetry greater than 30° beyond the sagittal plane. METHODS: Lifting tasks were performed from various horizontal and vertical locations, at torso asymmetry angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, …45°, 60°, 75° and 90°, using ACGIH identified TLVs. Validated MMH assessment methods (NIOSH Lifting Equation, Ohio State University LBD Risk Model) were utilized to estimate TLVs at torso asymmetries greater than 30°. RESULTS: The current ACGIH TLVs resulted in low- to moderate-risk risk levels for torso asymmetries from 0° to 30°, and the risk incrementally increased as torso asymmetry increased to 90°. With the intention to keep the risk levels to that found at 30° torso asymmetry, lower TLV weight limits in the vertical and horizontal zones investigated were estimated for torso asymmetries from 45° to 90°. The resulting adjusted TLVs were consistent with weight limits identified for similar lifting conditions from other assessment methods that account for torso asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS: This research found current ACGIH-defined TLVs possess less than high-risk for LBD, and provided guidance to practitioners for reduced TLVs when torso asymmetry is greater than 30° from the sagittal plane. Show more
Keywords: ACGIH TLV for lifting, manual materials handling, assessment method, torso asymmetry, NIOSH lifting equation, LBD risk model
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230405
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-14, 2024
Authors: Çolakoğlu, Cavit | Öz, C. Selek | Toygar, A.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Work to develop a universal tool for the psychological evaluation and measurement of decent work is relatively new. In addition, the Decent Work Questionnaire, which evaluates decent work using a psychological approach, has not yet been adapted and validated in the Turkish sample group. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Turkish version of the Decent Work Questionnaire and to evaluate the effect of decent work on the job satisfaction among knowledge workers. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 906 knowledge workers. In the process of adapting and validating the Decent Work Questionnaire, the structural validity, …internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, and compatibility of the sample group data were tested. The effect of decent work on job satisfaction of knowledge workers was examined using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The Decent Work Questionnaire was validated in the Turkish sample. The results showed that the reliability coefficients and dimensions of the Decent Work Questionnaire were highly satisfactory and consistent with the scale developers’ study. According to another result of the study, decent work was found to have a significant and positive effect on Turkish knowledge workers’ job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This study will fill gaps in the literature and will also contribute to the evaluation of decent work in all areas of the labor market, identifying its shortcomings and contributing to the development of effective human resource policies. Show more
Keywords: Occupational health, job satisfaction, workplace stress, workload, psychometrics, surveys and questionnaires
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230279
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-13, 2023
Authors: Srinivasan, Vignesh | Abathsagayam, Kumaresan | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vishnuram, Surya | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been significantly impacted by the pandemic. Elderly health care workers carry out a variety of duties at work and have years of clinical expertise. Anxiety and insomnia are among the more commonly encountered problems in senior physicians and other geriatric medical professional populations. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on anxiety and sleep disturbances among geriatric medical professionals. METHOD: 42 Participants were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups using the closed envelope approach, …and they took part in therapy sessions lasting 30 minutes, three times per week for a period of four weeks. The Experimental group A received non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation(taVNS) and Control group A received Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique. RESULTS: With a p value of 0.001, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve (taVNS) stimulation significantly improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety after 4 weeks.The post-intervention assessment revealed a highly significant improvement in Group A, with a T value of 251 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that taVNS may be an effective intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep issues in geriatric medical professionals. These results contribute to the exploration of non-invasive strategies to enhance the well-being of healthcare professionals working in demanding environments. Show more
Keywords: General anxiety disorder, insomnia, elderly, health care workesrs, post COVID-19 pandemic
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-231362
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-8, 2023
Authors: Fauser, David | Zimmer, Julia-Marie | Banaschak, Hannes | Golla, André | Sternberg, Annika | Mau, Wilfried | Bethge, Matthias
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Low back pain has a high economic burden in Germany due to back pain-related sick leave, disability pensions, and health care utilization. Work-related factors can predict disabling back pain. Job exposure matrices can be used to consider job demands and occupational characteristics in routine data analysis. OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal analysis tested whether rehabilitation utilization due to musculoskeletal disorders is associated with occupation-linked job exposures in employees with back pain. METHODS: Data from a German cohort study were used, including employees aged 45 to 59 years with self-reported back pain in the last three months. Individuals’ …job titles were assessed in the baseline survey in 2017 and matched with parameters of aggregated job exposure indices. Administrative data from the German Pension Insurance were used to extract information on rehabilitation utilization. Proportional hazard models tested the associations. RESULTS: We considered data of 6,569 participants (mean age: 52.3 years; 57.7% women). During follow-up, with a maximum of 21 months, 296 individuals (4.5%) utilized medical rehabilitation due to musculoskeletal disorders. Adjusted analyses showed that high physical (HR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.74; 4.75) and overall (HR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.44; 3.80) job exposures were associated with a higher risk of rehabilitation utilization. CONCLUSION: Individuals with back pain working in occupations with high physical job exposures have a higher risk for rehabilitation utilization. To prevent work disability in individuals with back pain, occupational groups with high physical job exposures should be actively informed about tailored intervention options. Show more
Keywords: Occupations, occupational exposure, occupational stress, working conditions, rehabilitation, registry data
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230410
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-11, 2024
Authors: Silva Gomes, Virgınia | Cardoso Júnior, Moacyr Machado
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Situational awareness is the acquisition of information from elements present in the work environment, the perception of the meaning of this information, and the prediction of future working conditions. Sleepiness and fatigue can influence an individual’s ability to reach situation awareness, decision-making, and performance on a task. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines methods used to assess situational awareness, fatigue, sleepiness, and their interrelationships. METHODS A systematic search of online databases was conducted to identify experimental, peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2017 and 2022. A total of 29 publications were selected for analysis. …RESULTS: The selected studies originated from various countries, primarily in the northern hemisphere. Health and automotive engineering were the academic categories with the highest publications. The studies employed objective and subjective methods to assess situational awareness, fatigue, and sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies reported a decline in situational awareness during fatigue and sleepiness conditions, although one study did not find this association. Future research should focus on employing objective methods to analyze cognitive factors, increasing sample sizes, and conducting testing in real-world situations. Show more
Keywords: Awareness, sleepiness, fatigue, safety, ergonomics, decision making
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230115
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-15, 2024
Authors: Haraldsson, Patrik | Nylander, Elisabeth | Jonker, Dirk | Ros, Axel | Josefsson, Kristina Areskoug
Article Type: Review Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational Health Service (OHS) is a service that should support employers and employees with their work environment. Previous research indicates the need for deeper knowledge about the effect of workplace interventions with a focus on planning, organizing and designing the workplace to improve work conditions in hospital settings. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the outcomes, workplace interventions and intervention strategies in hospital settings. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2021. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate …the quality of the included studies. Study results are presented through a narrative synthesis. A protocol for this study was registered on the Open Science Framework. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies, published between 2010 and 2021, were included. These included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and mixed methods reports with moderate to good quality. The results support the use of workplace interventions to improve work conditions, health, and well-being in hospital settings. Combinations of different interventions, tailored to the specific organization, were used. Important intervention strategies commonly used in the start-up, evaluation, and intervention of successful workplace interventions, were identified. Using a pragmatist complexity approach in workplace interventions can improve outcomes by providing clear intervention strategies and combinations of tailored interventions, related to context specific problems. CONCLUSION: OHS support in workplace interventions with clear intervention strategies will contribute to improve work conditions, health and well-being in hospital settings. Show more
Keywords: Health personnel, occupational health services, occupational health, health promotion, implementation science, working conditions
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230205
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-18, 2024
Authors: Sondhof, Anke | Muschalla, Beate
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Critical life events affect personal and professional lives, change working conditions, and require specific coping strategies. Wisdom is a multidimensional capacity for coping with life problems. Since wisdom can best be investigated in relation to concrete settings and problems, we investigated research employees during a pandemic. Research employees are constantly occupied with uncertainty and problem-solving in their everyday work. Thus, they develop capacities for factual and problem-solving knowledge which can be applied in different situations. OBJECTIVE: This study examines to what extent which wisdom capacities are applied by research personnel when dealing with changed working …conditions. METHOD: During the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in 2021, researchers were asked about work-related coping capacities in an online survey. The qualitative content analysis of the free-text responses of 131 research employees was based on a multidimensional wisdom model with 12 wisdom capacities. RESULTS: 50% of the reported coping strategies referred to factual and problem-solving capacities, 40% to interpersonal or emotional capacities, 10% did not reflect any wisdom capacity. Associations between wise coping capacities, social behavior at work, and eudaimonic well-being emerged. CONCLUSION: The study provides concrete qualitative examples of specific behavioral capacities in which wisdom may be applied in a work setting. Show more
Keywords: Mental health, skills, behavior, job, employee
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230054
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Haque, Syed Emdadul | Datta, Benay Kumar | Eunus, H.E.M. Mahbubul | Akter, Rashida | Islam, Tariqul | Ahmed, Shyfuddin | Shahriar, Mohammad Hasan | Parvez, Faruque | Ahsan, Habibul | Yunus, Mohammed
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Readymade garment workers globally experience distinctive vulnerabilities at the workplace. The situation is worse in many developing countries. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence about the health and safety of garment workers in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the patterns of illness and injury of garment workers, factory level health safety policies and programs, and views and perception of management staff at factories in Bangladesh. METHODS: This mixed-method study was conducted among garment workers and management level staff between January 2018 and April 2019. We extracted 4000 …health records of the workers who attended primary health care centers of the factories and conducted 11 key informant interviews using qualitative method from different management-level staff. RESULTS: Half of the workers (51.0%) were working in the sewing section following 12.8% in quality control and 12.3% in the laundry section. A review of the medical records showed that peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs) (19.2%), fever (11.7%), loose motion (10.3%), and headache (9.4%). Needle injury was uncommon for taking medical care. Occupational safety and health management, safe drinking water, access to maternity leave and other facilities were better in large and medium factories compared with those in small factories. CONCLUSIONS: Although the readymade garments sector is one of the largest sources of foreign currency revenue earnings in Bangladesh, occupational health and safety issues of workers remain a big concern. Thus, support from the government needs more focus on the health and safety of workers. Show more
Keywords: Readymade garment workers, illness and injury, health safety, quantitative and qualitative data, Bangladesh
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-220224
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-10, 2024
Authors: Claassen, Kevin | Wrede, Sammy J.S. | Kettschau, Jan P. | dos Anjos, Dominique Rodil | Broding, Horst C.
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital working methods were increasingly implemented within the setting of German public administrations. Beyond the ostensible risk of infection, a high psychological burden arose for the employees. OBJECTIVE: A subsequent progression of mental strain is to be estimated as a residual effect (approximated by controlling other influencing factors) due to the impossibility of a counterfactual control group. METHODS: An online survey was conducted in 2020 and repeated in 2021 among a cohort of n = 706 employees of 38 departments of three public administrations in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Mental …strain was assessed by the Wuppertal Screening Instrument. Its temporal variation was operationalized as the intercept of a first-difference multiple regression model. Unit of analysis was the department level. RESULTS: The prevalence of suboptimal and dysfunctional strain increased from 71% to 73% . The multiple regression model showed a significant increase whilst controlling the influence of socio-demographic changes on the department level. Children, age and educational level were significant predictors. R2 indicated that about 40% of the variance in the temporal variation of mental strain could be explained. CONCLUSION: The observed factors explained a significant proportion of the increase in mental strain in German public administrations. Still, far more than half of the increase stemmed from external influences which were largely determined by pandemic conditions and latency effects remain still to be seen. Show more
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, psychological stress, mental health, occupational health, occupational medicine, public health, digital technology
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230165
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-9, 2024
Authors: Dhanusia, S. | Santhana Lakshmi, S. | Kumar, Ajith | Prabhu, R. | Srinivasan, Vignesh | Suganthirababu, Prathap | Kumar, Priyadharshini | Kumaresan, A. | Vishnuram, Surya | Alagesan, Jagatheesan | Vasanthi, Rajkumar Krishnan
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Smartphones are a technical marvel that rapidly evolved to play an important role in our lives. One downside to smartphone use is that it significantly worsens posture. It is believed that using a smartphone while walking increases the risk of cognitive decline and the loss of dynamic balance needed to perform functional tasks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control among South Indian college students. METHODS: The study was carried out in a private college with 400 invited students through online social media platforms. …The four-square step test and SAS-SV were used to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control. The students were informed about the study process. A total of 250 participants were included based on the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: There was a high percentage of agreement on smartphone usage on dynamic postural control measured with SAS-SV, revealing statistical significance with a mean value of 41.532 and SD of 10.010886. The four-square step test with a mean value of 22.5 and SD of 1.8995878 also proved significant impact. A positive correlation was found between smartphone usage and dynamic postural control, which was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.90130. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was noted between mobile usage and dynamic balance. Smartphones can have a negative impact on dynamic balance by distracting users from their surroundings and increase the risk of falls. Show more
Keywords: Smartphones, postural balance, cellphones, technology addiction
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230161
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-6, 2024
Authors: Li, Jianna | Guo, Bin | Du, Zhoubo
Article Type: Research Article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: An underground workplace (UGW) is a complex system with multiple subsystems that interact with each other. However, the research on UGW from a systemic perspective has not received due attention. OBJECTIVE: This study constructs an evaluation approach to the orderliness of UGW and systematically evaluates the UGW with Guangzhou and Chengdu metro depots as case studies. METHODS: First, the evaluation index system is established based on occupational ergonomics. Second, the system entropy model is constructed based on information entropy. Third, a dissipative structure judgment model is built based on the Brusselator. Fourth, …the orderliness evaluation model is constructed based on information entropy and synergetics. RESULTS: The UGW of the metro depot has not yet reached the dissipative structure and is in a medium-order state. But the system is in the trend of orderly development. The entropy increase caused by the physical environment and health status is the main obstacle for the system to move toward order. The equipment configuration is an essential source of system negative entropy. The coordination between equipment configuration, health status, and physical environment is low, and that of work effectiveness, equipment aging and failure, and organizational environment is high. CONCLUSIONS: Equipment configuration cannot fully cope with the harsh physical environment and meet the needs of underground workers. Safety security equipment has more room for improvement. Humanized support facilities can introduce more negative entropy to the system. Organizational intervention can reduce the negative impact of adverse factors on the system. Show more
Keywords: Underground workplace, occupational ergonomics, work environment, equipment, staff, system orderliness
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230017
Citation: Work, vol. Pre-press, no. Pre-press, pp. 1-17, 2024
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