Technology and Health Care - Volume 32, issue 2

Authors: Zhao, Wei-Feng | He, Wei | Han, Quan-Hong | Qi, Shi-Xin

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The correlation between the change in foveal thickness measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) following surgery for infectious endophthalmitis and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity is uncertain, and there are few pertinent studies on this topic. OBJECTIVE: We explored the variations in macular thickness using OCT after emergency vitrectomy for post-cataract infectious endophthalmitis and the relationship between macular thickness with changes in visual function. METHODS: We included 10 cases of post-cataract infectious endophthalmitis. Each patient underwent 25-G vitrectomy. RESULTS: The infection in all 10 patients was under control and …visual function improved. Postoperative vitreous humor culture was positive in 8 patients, including 7 cases of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis and 1 case of Lactobacillus acidophilus . The average age of these 10 patients was 71.60 ± 8.71 years (P < 0.05, two-tailed). There was no significant correlation between time 2 (the time of onset after cataract surgery) and visual prognosis. The average time 1 (the time of the vitrification surgery caused by the onset of the disease) was 1.45 ± 0.76 days (P < 0.05, two-tailed). The postoperative 3dVA ranged from 0.20 to 3.00, with an average visual acuity of 1.87 ± 1.12, which was superior to the preoperative value (P < 0.01, two-tailed). The correlation between the post3dVA and post 1mVA was significant. The post 1mVA ranged from 0.05 to 2.20, with an average visual acuity of 0.94 ± 0.74 (P < 0.05, two-tailed). The correlation between post 1mVA and post3mVA was significant. Also, paired t -tests comparing preoperative and postoperative visual acuity revealed a significant correlation (P < 0.05, two-tailed). The post3mVA was 0–1.00 with an average visual acuity of 0.44 ± 0.41. The postoperative foveal thickness ranged from 176.00 to 514.00 μ m, with an average thickness of 281.10 ± 113.12 μ m. CONCLUSION: Emergency 25-G minimally invasive vitrectomy can improve visual acuity and decrease the reoperation rate for patients who have acquired post-cataract infectious endophthalmitis. There were significant correlations between age, disease onset to operation time, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, and postoperative macular thickness. Show more

Keywords: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis, infectious endophthalmitis, optical coherence tomography, preoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, visual acuity, 25-G minimally invasive vitrectomy

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230607

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1099-1110, 2024

Authors: Leinum, Lisbeth R. | Baandrup, Anders O. | Gögenur, Ismail | Krogsgaard, Marianne | Azawi, Nessn

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Precise fluid balance monitoring is essential for patient treatment, as incorrect fluid balance can lead to disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the digital technology LICENSE (LIquid balanCE moNitoring SystEm) for fluid balance charting and compare it to the standard method (SM) to determine its usability in clinical practice. METHODS: This prospective study included 20 patients. The results from LICENSE were compared to those from SM and a reference measurement (manual weight of fluids, RM). Three LICENSE devices were used for urine output, intravenous fluids, and oral fluid …intake. The accuracy of methods was evaluated using Bland Altman plots. RESULTS: The mean difference between LICENSE and RM was less than 2 millilitres (p = 0.031 and p = 0.047), whereas the mean difference between SM and RM was 6.6 ml and 10.8 ml (p < 0.0001). The range between the upper and lower limits of agreement was between 16.4 and 27.8 ml for LICENSE measurements and 25.2 and 52 ml for SM. CONCLUSION: LICENSE is comparable to or more accurate than the standard method for fluid balance monitoring. The use of LICENSE may improve the accuracy of fluid balance measurements. Further research is needed to evaluate its feasibility in daily clinical practice. Show more

Keywords: Digital technology, automation, equipment design, monitoring, physiologic, water-electrolyte balance

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230664

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1111-1122, 2024

Authors: Vulović, Aleksandra | Warchomicka, Fernando Gustavo | Pixner, Florian | Filipović, Nenad

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to ensure the proper function of the cementless hip implant, the connection between the femoral bone and the implant has to be as strong as possible. According to experimental studies, implants with a rough surface reduce micro-movements between femoral bone and implant, which helps form a stronger connection between them. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to analyze how half-cylinder surface topographies of different diameter values affect shear stress values and their distribution on the surface of the hip implant and trabecular femoral bone. METHODS: Nine models with different …half-cylinder diameter values (200 μ m, 400 μ m, and 500 μ m) and distances between half-cylinders were created for the analysis using the finite element method. Each model consisted of three layers: implant, trabecular, and cortical femoral bone. RESULTS: For all three diameter values, the highest shear stress value, for the implant layer, was located after the first half-cylinder on the side where force was defined. For the trabecular bone, the first half-cylinder was under lower amounts of shear stress. CONCLUSION: If we only consider shear stress values, we can say that models with 400 μ m and 500 μ m diameter values are a better choice than models with 100 μ m diameter values. Show more

Keywords: Finite element analysis, hip implant, shear stress, surface topography

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230692

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1123-1133, 2024

Authors: Mao, Wenjuan | Chen, Wenduo | Wang, Yanbo

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of ovarian cancer can be significantly improved through standardized surgery and chemotherapy, 70% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients would suffer from drug resistance and recurrence during the long chemotherapy cycle. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of a training mode based on the integration of virtual reality technology and mindfulness on anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy. METHOD: Through virtual reality technology, a mindfulness training software was designed and developed, and a mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology was constructed. Using a …self-controlled design, 48 ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Beijing from August 2022 to May 2023 were conveniently selected as the research subjects. The patients were subjected to four weeks of mindfulness training based on virtual reality technology, and the acceptance of the mindfulness training mode using virtual reality technology was evaluated. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Cancer Related Fatigue Scale (CRF) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and fatigue of patients before and after intervention. RESULTS: The virtual reality based mindfulness training mode includes four functional modules: personalized curriculum, intelligent monitoring, emotion tracking, and Funny Games. 48 patients had a high acceptance score (139.21 ± 10.47), and after using mindfulness training mode based on virtual reality technology, anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy were significantly reduced, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy have a high acceptance of virtual reality based mindfulness training mode. The application of this mode can reduce the psychological problems of anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy, and is worth promoting and using. Show more

Keywords: Virtual reality technology, mindfulness training, anxiety and depression, chemotherapy period, oophoroma

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230735

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1135-1148, 2024

Authors: Heo, Jin-Su | Lee, Hyung-Joo | Ko, Byung-Woo | Yoon, Hyun-Soo | Bae, Young-Hyeon

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve gait disability in patients with chronic stroke, ankle muscle strengthening and calf muscle stretching exercises are required. However, currently available ankle training equipment limit ankle exercises based on the position. Recently developed ankle training equipment enables spring resistance-based plantar press exercises to be performed in the standing position with weight support. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a usability test of the ankle training equipment in the standing position by stroke patients with hemiplegic gait and verify its effects on ankle movements. METHODS: The ankle training equipment was applied to five patients with …chronic stroke and hemiplegic gait. In the standing position, the patients performed forefoot and rearfoot press exercises in the affected side with a day’s interval at 20 repetitions maximum (RM). During the exercises, surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to measure the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) of the leg muscles. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to assess the ankle training equipment. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the differences in muscle activity between the two exercises. RESULTS: Forefoot and rearfoot press exercises increased the %MVIC in the biceps femoris. Additionally, the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius activity was significantly different between the two exercises. The SUS was 78.75% (SD 12.7). CONCLUSION: The usability test of the passive-control foot press trainer (PFPT) that with improvements in the structure and functions for convenience, it could be commercialized. PFPT could be an alternative to the ankle rehabilitation robot that necessitates a sitting position. Show more

Keywords: Chronic stroke, standing position, ankle training equipment, usability test, muscle activity

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230747

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1149-1158, 2024

Authors: Alqahtani, Reem A. | AlSaadi, Ziad S. | Al-Qahtani, Zainah A. | Al-Garni, Abdulaziz M. | Shati, Ayed A. | Malik, Amna A. | Al Jabbar, Imtinan S. | Mahmood, Syed E.

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Concerns about the harmful effects of smartphone use on teenage development have been raised as the use of cell phones among adolescents has risen. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the associations of smartphone usage patterns with Body Image Distortion (BID) and weight loss behaviors among adolescent smartphone users in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from July to October 2022. We assessed the mean daily length of smartphone use and classified it into quartiles using data from a self-reported survey and data on weekday and weekend use. Self-reported …body weight and height were collected via an online survey. Out of the 11384 adolescents, the majority was females (65.7%) and was secondary school students (68.9%). RESULTS: The prolonged smartphone use (301 min/d) was found in 36.4% of adolescents, 181–300 min/d in 27.6% of respondents, 121–180 min/d in 22.4% of respondents, while the modest smartphone use (1–120 min/d) was found only in 13.6% of participants. The duration of smartphone use was significantly associated with BID (P = 0.000); students with middle perceived stress levels (51.4%) and no depressive symptoms (68.9%) used smartphones 121–180 min/d sparingly. However, prolonged smartphone use was significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms (42.6%) and high perceived stress levels (21.5%). Weight loss behaviors were significantly associated with smartphone use duration. Modest smartphone use was significantly found in students with normal weight (P = 0.00, 71.9%); however, aerobic physical activity weight loss strategy (P = 0.00, 30.9%) was correlated with prolonged smartphone use. CONCLUSION: Adequate parental advice is required to assist teenagers in developing healthy smartphone usage practices. Digital platform companies may increase their social responsibility for the information generated and delivered on their networks, boosting its beneficial effect. Show more

Keywords: Smartphone usage patterns, body image distortion (BID), weight loss behaviors, adolescents

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230756

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1159-1176, 2024

Authors: Zhang, Li-Hua | Ying, Ya-Fen | Yin, Jing | Li, Na | Cheng, Yan | Yu, Rong-Yan

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Day surgery is a new surgical model in which patients complete the admission, surgery, and discharge on the same day. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore the effect of pre-admission “quasi-collective” health education for patients with ophthalmic day surgery. METHODS: For this study, a total of 200 patients undergoing ophthalmic day surgery from February 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled as the research subjects. The patients were divided randomly into the observation group and the control group, with 100 cases in each group. For the control group, conventional health education was …conducted after admission. On the day of admission, the admission education and peri-operative health education were performed. For the observation group, pre-admission health education was provided to the patients, and detailed education on the admission instructions, pre-operative precautions, and simulation of the intra-operative process were given by the medical staff. On the day of admission, the understanding of the education was evaluated, and any weaknesses in the health education were addressed. The anxiety status, method of handwashing, method of administering the drug to the eye, preoperative preparations, intra-operative training, preoperative medication, diet guidance, and postoperative care were compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: Before discharge, there were significant differences in the anxiety scores, impact, and satisfaction of health education between the two groups of patients, all of which were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The pre-admission “quasi-collective” health education for patients undergoing day surgery in ophthalmology was better than conventional health education. Show more

Keywords: Ophthalmic day surgery, pre-admission, quasi-collective education, health education, impact

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230877

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1177-1184, 2024

Authors: Nair, Srilakshmi | Madhav, V.N.V. | Saini, Ravinder S. | Alshadidi, Abdulkhaliq Ali F. | Aldosari, Lujain Ibrahim N. | Heboyan, Artak

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The issue of an increase in pulpal temperature affects direct and indirect techniques, where the fabricating material will come in direct contact with the prepared teeth. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the pulpal thermal variations during provisional fabrication using direct and indirect-direct techniques, with three commonly commercially available provisional fabricating materials. METHOD: In this vitro analytical study, 120 extracted human teeth were placed in a dentulous mould and dental stone was poured, to create a working model with an embedded natural right maxillary central incisor. Recording of thermal …changes in the pulp chamber during provisionalization with direct (technique 1) and indirect-direct (technique 2) using three common types of provisional crown materials. 120 provisional crowns were fabricated using polymethyl methacrylate (DPI) (Group 1), Bis-acryl composite (Protemp 4) (Group 2) and Visible-light polymerizing (VLP) Urethane Dimethacrylate (Revotek LC) (Group 3) by two techniques and recording of peak temperature changes were done. Temperature rise in the pulp chamber was recorded using a thermocouple. RESULTS: The mean initial and final temperature of the pulp chamber recorded for Groups 1, 2 and 3 was 31.52, 32.56; 31.01, 32.34; 32.29, 34.47 for technique 1 and 29.13, 30.5; 29.29, 31.11; 30.31, 32.65 for technique 2. The mean change in temperature was higher in Group 3 compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The temperature rise detected according to this study was within the safer pulpal health limits with all the investigated materials and techniques. The resin material recommended for clinical use when the direct technique is employed for the fabrication of provisional crowns is bis-acryl composite resin (Protemp-4) as it caused minimal temperature rise in the pulpal chamber. Show more

Keywords: Provisional crown, Temporization, fixed partial denture, temperature rise

DOI: 10.3233/THC-230933

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1185-1197, 2024

Authors: Muniasamy, Anandhavalli | Alquhtani, Salma Abdulaziz Saeed | Bilfaqih, Syeda Meraj | Balaji, Prasanalakshmi | Karunakaran, Gauthaman

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) is a harmful malignant tumor and potentially lethal illness. Therefore, early detection of LC is an urgent need, and dependent on the type of histology and the type of disease. The use of deep learning algorithms (DL) is required to analyse the histopathology images of LC and make treatment decisions accordingly. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to apply pretrained EfficientNetB7 model to facilitate the process of classifying LC histopathology images as primary malignancy categories (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma) for early treatment of LC patients. Also, aims to analyse the …performance of the proposed model using the accuracy measure. METHODS: The dataset of 15000 histopathology images of lung cancer were examined. EfficientNetB7, a special type of convolution neural network (CNN), pretrained with ImageNet for transfer learning were trained on this dataset. Accuracy metric was used for the evaluation of the proposed model. RESULTS: The feature extraction was performed by applying transfer learning using EfficientNetB7 as pretrained model. The proposed model achieved 99.77% accuracy, while previous studies model achieved over 90 to 99% accuracy. CONCLUSION: The employment of CNN based EfficientNetB7 model for the classification of LC based on histopathology images can speed up the diagnosis of LC and reduce the burden on pathologists for the early treatment of patients. Show more

Keywords: Lung cancer, histopathology images, convolutional neural network, EfficientNet7, ImageNet

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231029

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1199-1210, 2024

Authors: Çoban Büyükbayraktar, Zeynep | Eninanç, İlknur

Article Type: Research Article

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes in bone trabeculae occur during skeletal maturation. Fractal analysis is a technique for assessing changes in the internal structure of the bone. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of bone trabeculation measured on panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs with cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS). METHODS: CVMS was evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals aged 6 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into 6 groups (n = 20 each) according to CVMS. On panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs, fractal dimension …(FD) analyses were performed in mandibular corpus, gonial and condylar regions and cervical vertebral bodies (C2, C3, C4). RESULTS: FD measurements from the mandibular corpus region bilaterally and C2–C4 vertebral bodies showed significant positive correlations with CVMS (r = 0.418, r = 0.412, r = 0.324, r = 0.304, r = 0.263, respectively). Significant differences were found in the FD values of the right/left mandibular corpus and C2 and C3 vertebrae compared to CVMS (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSION: Significant positive moderate correlations between the FD values of the right and left mandibular corpus and CVMS suggest that fractal analysis may be useful in determining skeletal maturity stage. The significant FD values obtained from the right/left mandibular corpus, and C2 and C3 vertebra indicate that the complexity of the internal trabecular structure increases with maturation. Show more

Keywords: Skeletal maturation, fractal analysis, trabecular bone, cervical vertebrae, radiographs

DOI: 10.3233/THC-231100

Citation: Technology and Health Care, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1211-1221, 2024